Acquisition of aspect and aktionsart by children in croatian and french

Our results indicate some differences in the use of aspect between French and Croatian speaking children. In Croatian language children always manage to keep the appropriate aspect, unlike French children. However, the imperfective aspect seems to be better acquired in French children than the perfective aspect. The perfective aspect, the marked form both in French as well as in Croatian, is related to the lexical meaning of the verbs. The acquisition of the Aktionsart in both languages seems to be more a matter of semantics than of morphology. Furthermore, our data suggest the existence of a specific developmental trend in the use of Aktionsart (intensive, iterative and inchoative), which is similar for children speaking Slavic and Romanic languages

Quelle description linguistique peut entrainer un renouveau didactique dans l’enseignement du FLE ?

The present paper aims to show that the linguistic characterization of various phenomena designed to be taught in French – foreign language (FLE) is likely to be innovative in that it approaches these phenomena in a more principled and coherent way. First, it is demonstrated that the teaching of a spoken language is largely practised in terms of a particular mode of speech production, inspired by the acquisitional theory of rewording (Fr. théorie acquisitionnelle de la reformulation). The illustration of how defi nite vs. indefinite articles are taught draws on principles advocated by enactive linguistics (Fr. linguistique enactive). Finally, the teaching of argumentative features of the economic LSP can be ultimately traced back to the argumentative theories of languageThe present paper aims to show that the linguistic characterization of various phenomena designed to be taught in French – foreign language (FLE) is likely to be innovative in that it approaches these phenomena in a more principled and coherent way. First, it is demonstrated that the teaching of a spoken language is largely practised in terms of a particular mode of speech production, inspired by the acquisitional theory of rewording (Fr. théorie acquisitionnelle de la reformulation). The illustration of how defi nite vs. indefinite articles are taught draws on principles advocated by enactive linguistics (Fr. linguistique enactive). Finally, the teaching of argumentative features of the economic LSP can be ultimately traced back to the argumentative theories of languag

Reformulations paraphrastiques et stades d'acquisition en français langue maternelle.

dossier : La reformulation : Acquisition et Diversité des discoursThe acquisition of paraphrastic mastery is conspicuous by its absence in surveys in the field of research on the acquisition of the mother tongue, a skill that is indispensable for the child around the age of 4 years who is still a long way from having achieved a mastery of her mother tongue. This article aims to show that these paraphrases, produced by children of a range of ages, tell us about the different stages of acquisition, assessed by the qualitative differences that can be described between a source statement and one that has been reformulated in its paraphrastic form. The study group consisted of 60 children (in groups of 15 aged 4, 6, 8 and 10 years) who asked to recount a story of 500 words immediately after having heard it told to them once. A representative sample of 13 simple (containing a single predicate) and complex phrases (containing two predicates) was selected from the source text and systematically compared to the full set of paraphrastic reformulations employed by all the children. The results of the linguistic analysis show that the paraphrastic capacity increases and becomes more diverse with age. Depending upon the type of complexity, either syntactic and / or semantic, the difficulty varies according to the source statement, but also on the basis of its potential for being paraphrased. Finally, the most important result demonstrates that paraphrastic reformulation procedures are encountered in the following order: descriptive paraphrases, then semantic, followed by transformational and, finally functional ones.L'acquisition de la maîtrise paraphrastique est aussi inexplorée, dans le champ de la recherche sur l'acquisition de la langue maternelle, qu'incontournable pour l'enfant de 4 ans environ, qui est encore très loin d'être parvenu à la maîtrise achevée de sa langue maternelle. Cet article a pour objectif de montrer que les paraphrases produites par des enfants d'âges différents nous renseignent sur les stades successifs d'acquisition, évalués à partir du différentiel qualitatif que l'on peut décrire entre un énoncé source et un énoncé reformulé sous forme paraphrastique. Le corpus est recueilli auprès de 60 enfants (15 enfants de 4, 6, 8 et 10 ans) qui ont restitué, immédiatement après l'avoir écoutée une fois, une histoire d'environ 500 mots. Un échantillon représentatif de 13 prédications simples (contenant un seul prédicat) et complexes (contenant deux prédicats) a été sélectionné dans le texte source et comparé systématiquement à toutes les reformulations paraphrastiques produites par tous les enfants. Les résultats de l'analyse linguistique montrent que la capacité paraphrastique s'accroît et se diversifie en fonction de l'âge. Selon le type de complexité, syntaxique et/ou sémantique, de l'énoncé source, mais aussi selon sa potentialité à être paraphrasé, la difficulté n'est pas la même. Enfin, le résultat le plus important montre que les procédures de reformulations paraphrastiques sont attestées tendanciellement selon l'ordre suivant : paraphrases descriptives, puis sémantiques, puis transformationnelles et enfin fonctionnelles

Metastable states of surface plasmon vacuum near the interface between metal and nonlinear dielectric

Zero-point fluctuations of surface plasmon modes near the interface between metal and nonlinear dielectric are shown to produce a thin layer of altered dielectric constant near the interface. This effect may be sufficiently large to produce multiple metastable states of the surface plasmon vacuum.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

Definition of terms used in connection with commercial aircraft engines

To facilitate standardization of certain terms and definitions relating to engines and airplanes a list of definitions is provided