Total lipids, fatty acid composition, total cholesterol and lipid-soluble antioxidant vitamins in the longissimus lumborum muscle of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) from different production systems of the Brazilian Eastern Amazon

Research Areas: Agriculture ; Veterinary Sciences ; ZoologyThe aim of this study was to analyze the influence of distinct production systems and seasonal variation in the Brazilian Eastern Amazon on the meat lipid composition of water buffaloes. Water buffaloes were reared in commercial farms in the Eastern Amazon either in extensive systems (Marajó Island, Nova Timboteua and Santarém locations), during rainy or dry seasons, or intensive (feedlot) systems. Animals reared in extensive systems were fed natural pastures, and those reared in feedlots were fed sorghum silage and commercial pellets. Buffaloes were slaughtered and ribeye muscle (longissimus lumborum) samples collected. Lipid-soluble antioxidant vitamins and fatty acids were analyzed. The nutritional value of meat from buffaloes reared in Marajó Island extensive system during the rainy season was higher than that of other systems, as it had lower levels of cholesterol and higher amounts of α-tocopherol associated with higher hypocholesterolaemic/hypercholesterolaemic ratio and lower index of atherogenic. Also, this meat had lower percentages of saturated fatty acids and higher proportions of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly n-3 PUFA, with increased PUFA/saturated fatty acids ratio and decreased n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio. However, all extensive systems produced meat with a relatively low index of thrombogenicity values, which is advantageous for human healthinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Klinička praksa temeljena na dokazima: pregled prijetnji valjanosti dokaza i kako ih spriječiti

Using the best quality of clinical research evidence is essential for choosing the right treatment for patients. How to identify the best research evidence is, however, difficult. In this narrative review we summarise these threats and describe how to minimise them. Pertinent literature was considered through literature searches combined with personal files. Treatments should generally not be chosen based only on evidence from observational studies or single randomised clinical trials. Systematic reviews with meta-analysis of all identifiable randomised clinical trials with Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) assessment represent the highest level of evidence. Even though systematic reviews are trust worthier than other types of evidence, all levels of the evidence hierarchy are under threats from systematic errors (bias); design errors (abuse of surrogate outcomes, composite outcomes, etc.); and random errors (play of chance). Clinical research infrastructures may help in providing larger and better conducted trials. Trial Sequential Analysis may help in deciding when there is sufficient evidence in meta-analyses. If threats to the validity of clinical research are carefully considered and minimised, research results will be more valid and this will benefit patients and heath care systems.Primjena najkvalitetnijih dokaza kliničkih istraživanja ključna je u odabiru ispravnog liječenja pacijenata. No, način na koji će se odabrati najbolji dokazi predstavlja često poteškoću. Ovim preglednim člankom prikazujemo opasnosti navedenog odabira, kao i načine kako ih umanjiti. Relevantni izvori razmatrani su pretragom literature u kombinaciji s osobnim datotekama. Izbor liječenja uglavnom se ne bi smio temeljiti isključivo na opservacijskim ili pojedinačnim randomiziranim kliničkim studijama. Sustavni pregledi s metaanalizom svih identificiranih randomiziranih kliničkih studija procijenjenih sustavom stupnjevanja procjene, razvoja i evaluacije preporuka (engl. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation; GRADE) predstavljaju najvišu razinu dokaza. Iako su sustavni pregledi pouzdaniji od drugih vrsta dokaza, sve razine hijerarhije dokaza ugrožene su sustavnim pogreškama (engl. bias); pogreškama dizajna studije (zloupotreba surogatnih ishoda, složenih ishoda itd.) i slučajnim pogreškama (igra slučaja). Kliničke istraživačke infrastrukture mogu pomoći u pružanju većih i adekvatnije provedenih ispitivanja. Sekvencijska analiza studija može pomoći pri odlučivanju kada postoji dovoljna razina dokaza u metaanalizama. Ako se prijetnje valjanosti kliničkih istraživanja pažljivo razmatraju i minimiziraju, rezultati istraživanja bit će vrjedniji i korisniji pacientima i zdravstvenim sustavima

Endodontic Retreatment: Clinical Comparison Of Reciprocating Systems Versus Rotary System In Disinfecting Root Canals

Methods: Thirty endodontically treated teeth with post-treatment apical periodontitis were selected. The specimens were divided into three groups according to the system used: WaveOne (n = 10), Reciproc instrument (n = 10), and ProTaper Universal Retreatment system (n = 10). Samples were collected before and after chemomechanical preparation. The irrigation was performed by using 2.5 % sodium hypochlorite. A chromogenic limulus amebocyte lysate assay test was used to quantify endotoxins. Culture techniques were used to determine bacterial colony-forming unit counts.Introduction: This clinical study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of single-file reciprocating systems and rotary systems in removing endotoxins and cultivable bacteria in endodontic retreatment.Results: At baseline, endotoxins and cultivable bacteria were recovered from 100 % of the root canal samples in a median value of 5.84 EU/mL and 4.98 × 103 CFU/mL, respectively. After CMP, no differences were found in the median percentage values of endotoxin reduction achieved with reciprocating systems—WaveOne [94.11 %] and Reciproc [93.29 %] and with rotary systems—ProTaper [94.98 %] (P > 0.05). Both single-file reciprocating systems [WaveOne (98.27 %) and Reciproc (99.54 %)] and rotary system [ProTaper (98.73 %)] were effective in reducing bacterial load (P > 0.05). Moreover, no differences were found among the systems tested.Conclusions: The Reciproc and WaveOne reciprocating systems were as effective as the ProTaper system for removal of endotoxins and bacteria in endodontic retreatment.Clinical relevance: All systems tested were effective to remove cultivable bacteria and endotoxin in endodontic retreatment. As no differences among systems were observed, it is possible to suggest that clinicians should choose the preferred technique to perform endodontic

Activity, conformation and dynamics of cutinase adsorbed on poly(methyl methacrylate) latex particles

International audienc

Novel Malachite Green- and Rhodamine B-labeled cationic chain transfer agents for RAFT polymerization

International audienceTwo novel cationic RAFT agents have been synthesized, one labeled with a Malachite Green (MG) dye and another with a Rhodamine B (RhoB) dye. MG-labeled dithiobenzoate (MGEDBA) was prepared in a straightforward manner after synthesis of MG-ethylammonium chloride that reacted with a precursor dithiobenzoate bearing an activated ester function. However, the analogous reaction with RhoB amino derivative led to a mixture of dithiobenzoate and thioamide derivatives. An alternative approach yielded the RhoB-labeled RAFT agent (RhoBEDBA) with complete conversion. The purification of these dye-labeled RAFT agents was very challenging because of their dual nature (aromatic and ionic). Both MGEDBA and RhoBEDBA were efficient RAFT chain transfer agents to control the polymerization of N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA). The resulting α-end-labeled MG- and RhoB-PDMA samples presented low dispersities (Đ<1.2) and both chain-ends were preserved. Finally, we showed that the attachment of RhoB and MG to the PDMA polymer chain-end did not influence the photophysical properties of these dyes. Therefore, these new dye-labeled RAFT agents can be used to prepare various labeled polymers and especially water-soluble ones, to study their conformation and dynamics in solution or at interfaces using fluorescence methods, or as labeled probes for imaging and/or diagnosis purposes

Activity, conformation and dynamics of cutinase adsorbed on poly(methyl methacrylate) latex particles

International audienc

: Schizophrenic Behavior of a Thermoresponsive Double Hydrophilic Diblock Copolymer at the Air-Water Interface

The thermoresponsive behavior of the rhodamine B end-labeled double hydrophilic block copolymer (DHBC) poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide)-b-poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) (RhB-PDMA207-b-PDEA177) and the 1:1 segmental mixture of PDEA and rhodamine B end-labeled PDMA homopolymers was studied over the range of 10-40°C at the air-water interface. The increase in collapse surface pressure (second plateau regime) of the DHBC with temperature confirms the thermoresponsiveness of PDEA at the interface. The sum of the π-A isotherms of the two single homopolymers weighted by composition closely follows the π-A isotherm of the DHBC, suggesting that the behavior of each block of the DHBC is not influenced by the presence of the other block. Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers of DHBC deposited on glass substrates were analyzed by laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy (LSCFM), showing schizophrenic behavior: at low temperature, the RhB-PDMA block dominates the inside of bright (core) microdomains, switching to the outside (shell) at temperatures above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PDEA. This core-shell inversion triggered by the temperature increase was not detected in the homopolymer mixture. The present results suggest that both the covalent bond between the two blocks of the DHBC and the tendency of rhodamine B to aggregate play a role in the formation of the bright cores at low temperature whereas PDEA thermoaggregation is responsible for the formation of the dark cores above the LCST of PDEA