Complex dynamics emerging in Rule 30 with majority memory

In cellular automata with memory, the unchanged maps of the conventional cellular automata are applied to cells endowed with memory of their past states in some specified interval. We implement Rule 30 automata with a majority memory and show that using the memory function we can transform quasi-chaotic dynamics of classical Rule 30 into domains of travelling structures with predictable behaviour. We analyse morphological complexity of the automata and classify dynamics of gliders (particles, self-localizations) in memory-enriched Rule 30. We provide formal ways of encoding and classifying glider dynamics using de Bruijn diagrams, soliton reactions and quasi-chemical representations

L1CAM binds ErbB receptors through Ig-like domains coupling cell adhesion and neuregulin signalling.

During nervous system development different cell-to-cell communication mechanisms operate in parallel guiding migrating neurons and growing axons to generate complex arrays of neural circuits. How such a system works in coordination is not well understood. Cross-regulatory interactions between different signalling pathways and redundancy between them can increase precision and fidelity of guidance systems. Immunoglobulin superfamily proteins of the NCAM and L1 families couple specific substrate recognition and cell adhesion with the activation of receptor tyrosine kinases. Thus it has been shown that L1CAM-mediated cell adhesion promotes the activation of the EGFR (erbB1) from Drosophila to humans. Here we explore the specificity of the molecular interaction between L1CAM and the erbB receptor family. We show that L1CAM binds physically erbB receptors in both heterologous systems and the mammalian developing brain. Different Ig-like domains located in the extracellular part of L1CAM can support this interaction. Interestingly, binding of L1CAM to erbB enhances its response to neuregulins. During development this may synergize with the activation of erbB receptors through L1CAM homophilic interactions, conferring diffusible neuregulins specificity for cells or axons that interact with the substrate through L1CAM

Control de la madurez en frutos por medio de ensayos de impacto.

En anteriores trabajos se ha observado que la respuesta de los frutos a un impacto mecánico está muy influida por su estado de madurez. Se realizaron ensayos de impacto sobre peras cv. Limonera, a lo largo de 12 semanas de conservación frigorífica y de maduración controlada. El impacto desde 4 cm de altura (equivalente a 0,02 J) resulta no destructivo y puede utilizarse para la determinación del estado de madurez de estos frutos. Por métodos de regresión lineal múltiple sobre los 15 para metros del impacto más representativos se obtienen buenas p r e dicciones de la madurez, representada por la fuerza de corte de probetas de pulpa, FC (N)

Herschel GASPS spectral observations of T Tauri stars in Taurus: unraveling far-infrared line emission from jets and discs

At early stages of stellar evolution young stars show powerful jets and/or outflows that interact with protoplanetary discs and their surroundings. Despite the scarce knowledge about the interaction of jets and/or outflows with discs, spectroscopic studies based on Herschel and ISO data suggests that gas shocked by jets and/or outflows can be traced by far-IR (FIR) emission in certain sources. We want to provide a consistent catalogue of selected atomic ([OI] and [CII]) and molecular (CO, OH, and H$_{2}$O) line fluxes observed in the FIR, separate and characterize the contribution from the jet and the disc to the observed line emission, and place the observations in an evolutionary picture. The atomic and molecular FIR (60-190 $\rm \mu m$) line emission of protoplanetary discs around 76 T Tauri stars located in Taurus are analysed. The observations were carried out within the Herschel key programme Gas in Protoplanetary Systems (GASPS). The spectra were obtained with the Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS). The sample is first divided in outflow and non-outflow sources according to literature tabulations. With the aid of archival stellar/disc and jet/outflow tracers and model predictions (PDRs and shocks), correlations are explored to constrain the physical mechanisms behind the observed line emission. The much higher detection rate of emission lines in outflow sources and the compatibility of line ratios with shock model predictions supports the idea of a dominant contribution from the jet/outflow to the line emission, in particular at earlier stages of the stellar evolution as the brightness of FIR lines depends in large part on the specific evolutionary stage. [Abridged Abstract]Comment: 37 pages, 27 figures, accepted for publication in A&

Adaptação cultural e validação da versão portuguesa do questionário Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS)

O objectivo deste trabalho é calcular as propriedades psicométricas da versão portuguesa do questionário Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS). Este questionário foi traduzido e adaptado à cultura portuguesa. A amostra é constituída por 101 doentes com doença crónica, utentes de um centro de saúde rural de Portugal. A idade média é 63,4 anos; 56,4% são mulheres. 29% são analfabetos e 2% possuem estudos superiores. 78% sofrem de hipertensão arterial e 56,4% sofrem de diabetes mellitus tipo 2. A consistência interna foi avaliada com o alpha de Cronbach. Depois, foi realizada uma análise factorial exploratória e confirmatória com o objectivo de confirmar a validade e fiabilidade da escala e as suas características multidimensionais. A confiabilidade teste-reteste realizada às duas semanas foi estimada usando a análise kappa ponderado para as variáveis ordinais e o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse para as variáveis quantitativas. A alpha de Cronbach para as subescalas varia entre 0,873 e 0,967 no teste e 0,862 e 0,972 no reteste. A análise factorial exploratória revelou a existência de quatro factores (apoio emocional, material, afectivo e interacção social positiva) que explicam o 72,71% da variância. A análise factorial confirmatória permite concluir a existência destes quatro factores que permitem a aplicação da escala com os itens do questionário original. Os índices de ajustamento são satisfatórios e verificam a estrutura inicial, apresentando valores de χ2/df =2,01; GFI =0,998; CFI=0,999; AGFI =0,998; TLI =0,999; NFI =0,998; SRMR =0,332; RMSEA =0,76. A confiabilidade teste-reteste às duas semanas da versão portuguesa do MOS-SSS foi estimada pelo coeficiente de correlação intraclasse que variou entre 0,941 e 0,966 para as quatro dimensões do questionário e para o índice de apoio total. Os índices kappa ponderados variaram entre 0,67 e 0,87 para todos os itens. A versão portuguesa do MOS-SSS demonstrou boas características psicométricas e parece ser útil para avaliar as características multidimensionais do apoio social em população portuguesa.The aim of this study was the assesment of psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the instrument «Medical Outcomes Study – Social Support Survey (MOSSSS) ». This questionnaire has been translated and adapted in a Portuguese sample of 101 patients with chronic illness of a rural health centre in Portugal. The average age of patients was 63.4 years, 56.4% female. 29% were illiterate and 2% had completed high school. 78% had arterial hypertension and the 56.4% had diabetes mellitus type 2. The internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha. Exploratory and Confirmatory factor analysis were performed in order to confirm reliability and validity of the scale and its multidimensional characteristics. The 2-week test-retest reliability was estimated using weighted kappa for the ordinals variables and intraclass coefficient correlation for the quantitative variables. Cronbach’s alphas for the subscales ranged from 0.873 to 0.967 at test, and 0.862 to 0.972 at retest. Exploratory factor analysis revealed the existence of four factors (emotional, tangible, positive interaction and affection support) that explain the 72.71% of the variance. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the existence of four factors that allowed the application of the scale with original items. The goodness-of-fit measures corroborate the initial structure, with χ2/ df=2.01, GFI=0.998, CFI=0.999, AGFI=0.998, TLI=0.999, NFI=0.998, SRMR=0.332, RMSEA=0.76. The 2-weeks test-retest reliability of the Portuguese MOS-SSS as measured by the intraclass correlation coefficient was ranged from 0.941 to 0.966 for the four dimensions and the overall support index. The weighted kappa was ranged from 0.67 to 0.87 for all the items. The MOS-SSS Portuguese version demonstrates good psychometric properties and seems to be useful to measure multidimensional aspects of social support in the Portuguese population.Sociedade Espanhola de Medicina Familiar e Comunitária (SEMFYC

Bullying and gender violence at school: analysis of teacher perception

Nowadays gender violence and bullying continue to be considered a matter of great concern to society. This study analyses the teachers'' perceptions of these two social problems in the educational context. The interventions that are carried out from the school to prevent and respond to these behaviours are studied. From a methodological point of view, the study responds to the paradigm of qualitative research. We interviewed fifteen teachers of Early Childhood Education, Primary Education and Secondary Education of the Spanish educational system. The information collected indicates that teachers advocate a necessary reinforcement of emotional competencies and social skills from schools. In addition, they express their dissatisfaction due to the insufficient strategies applied from the school to respond to these violent behaviours. These results support any initiative that aims to train teachers to prevent possible cases of bullying or gender violence

Perceptual implications of different Ambisonics-based methods for binaural reverberation

Reverberation is essential for the realistic auralisation of enclosed spaces. However, it can be computationally expensive to render with high fidelity and, in practice, simplified models are typically used to lower costs while preserving perceived quality. Ambisonics-based methods may be employed to this purpose as they allow us to render a reverberant sound field more efficiently by limiting its spatial resolution. The present study explores the perceptual impact of two simplifications of Ambisonics-based binaural reverberation that aim to improve efficiency. First, a “hybrid Ambisonics” approach is proposed in which the direct sound path is generated by convolution with a spatially dense head related impulse response set, separately from reverberation. Second, the reverberant virtual loudspeaker method (RVL) is presented as a computationally efficient approach to dynamically render binaural reverberation for multiple sources with the potential limitation of inaccurately simulating listener's head rotations. Numerical and perceptual evaluations suggest that the perceived quality of hybrid Ambisonics auralisations of two measured rooms ceased to improve beyond the third order, which is a lower threshold than what was found by previous studies in which the direct sound path was not processed separately. Additionally, RVL is shown to produce auralisations with comparable perceived quality to Ambisonics renderings

A finite element approach to model high-velocity impact on thin woven GFRP plates

A finite element model to predict the ballistic behaviour of woven GFRP laminates is presented. This finite element model incorporates a new constitutive model based on a continuum damage mechanics approach able to predict the performance of these laminates under high-velocity impacts. The material parameters of the model are identified from the literature and original experiments conducted in this work. The predictive capability of the model is verified against experimental impact tests. Finally, the model is used to analyse the influence of laminate thickness on different energy absorption mechanisms at velocities near the ballistic limit. This analysis allows for the determination of the principal deformation and failure mechanisms governing the perforation process.L. Alonso, S.K.García Castillo and C.Navarro are indebted to the project 'Acción Estratégica en Materiales Compuestos y Análisis Numérico simplificado de Estructuras y protecciones ligeras sometidas a impacto balístico' (2010/00309/002) of the University Carlos III of Madrid for the financial support of this work. F. Martínez-Hergueta acknowledges support from PECRE1819_02 from the Scottish Research Partnership in Engineering. D. Garcia-Gonzalez acknowledges support from the Talent Attraction grant (CM 2018 - 2018-T2/IND-9992) from the Comunidad de Madrid