Search for partial resistance to leaf rust in a collection of ancient Spanish wheats

A collection of 917 accessions of Spanish durum and bread wheat was screened for resistance to leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) under field conditions at three locations. Resistance levels ranged from very low to very high, high susceptibility being most frequent. Relative disease severity (referred to the most susceptible accession = 100 %) was lower than 20 % in about 6 % of the accessions in each location. In the collection most of the lines (84 %)displayed a susceptible infection type. A final selection of seven accessions (one of them durum) displaying low severity level in the field and high infection type in a growth chamber was chosen for further studies. High levels of partial resistant with longer latency period and high percentage of early aborted colonies without necrosis were found. They might be used in breeding programmes

Ratchet universality in the bidirectional escape from a symmetric potential well

The present work discusses symmetry-breaking-induced bidirectional escape from a symmetric metastable potential well by the application of zero-average periodic forces in the presence of dissipation. We characterized the interplay between heteroclinic instabilities leading to chaotic escape and breaking of a generalized parity symmetry leading to directed ratchet escape to an attractor either at infinity or at -infinity. Optimal enhancement of directed ratchet escape is found to occur when the wave form of the zero-average periodic force acting on the damped driven oscillator matches as closely as possible to a universal wave form, as predicted by the theory of ratchet universality. Specifically, the optimal approximation to the universal force triggers the almost complete destruction of the nonescaping basin for driving amplitudes which are systematically lower than those corresponding to a symmetric periodic force having the same period. We expect that this work could be potentially useful in the control of elementary dynamic processes characterized by multidirectional escape from a potential well, such as forced chaotic scattering and laser-induced dissociation of molecular systems, among others

Growth of Natural Flora during the Fermentation of Inoculated Musts from "Pedro Ximenez" Grapes

The growth of naturally occurring micro-organisms in musts from grapes collected at three degrees ofripeness (unripe, half· ripe and ripe) in the Montilla-Moriles (Southern Spain) region during 1985and1986 was studied. The musts were inoculated with four physiological races of Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated in the region. Although the inoculated races of S. cerevisiaeprevailed throughout the fermentations, there was also a significant growth of indigenous races of S. cerevisiae and a less marked growth of other micro-organisms such as bacteria, filamentous fungi and yeasts other than S. cerevisiae

Effects of service experience on customer responses to a hotel chain

Purpose: This paper aims to analyse customer experience in a hotel and its impact on customer attitudes to both the individual hotel and the hotel chain. Specifically, the study focuses on the effects of service perceptions on emotions, satisfaction, attitude to hotel chain, intention to return, scepticism towards negative information and Word of Mouth (WOM). Design/methodology/approach: An empirical study was carried out on a sample of 300 individuals. Data were analysed through structural equation modelling. Findings: Service perceptions and emotions elicited by an individual hotel influence the customer response towards the hotel chain. Among all the outcomes considered, the strongest effects are found on WOM. Originality/value: This paper develops and empirically tests an original model that integrates the customer experience in an individual hotel and the customer response to the hotel chain. This model includes variables that have recently been considered in the literature, such as scepticism towards negative information, in combination with more traditional outcomes such as intention to return or WOM

Acute calcium assimilation from fresh or pasteurized yoghurt depending on the lactose digestibility status

OBJECTIVE: The major aim of this trial was to evaluate the potential interaction of fresh or pasteurized yoghurt intake with lactose intolerance on calcium assimilation by means of the stable isotope 43Ca as a tracer. METHODS: Forty volunteers (age: 32 +/- 7 years) participated in this parallel simple blind study (20 of them with moderate lactose intolerance). The protocol included the intake of a test meal consisting on 43Ca-labelled fresh or pasteurized yoghurt. Volunteers, in whom the calcium status was assessed, collected the 24-h urine before and after the test meal to measure the stable isotope output. The intake-related 43Ca enrichment in urine was measured by isotopic rate mass spectrometry. RESULTS: In lactose tolerant and intolerant volunteers taken together, the fresh yoghurt consumption resulted in a statistically higher circulating calcium levels (p = 0.028) and urinary 43Ca output (p = 0.017) than after the pasteurized yoghurt intake. The lactose maldigestion status resulted in higher urinary 43Ca excretion (p = 0.013) after the fermented milk consumption, regardless of the nature of ingested product (p = 0.887). CONCLUSIONS: This novel and non-aggressive protocol allowed the in vivo comparison of calcium utilization from two different dairy sources, revealing a higher acute calcium assimilation from fresh as compared to the pasteurized yoghurt, in both lactose digesting and maldigesting subjects

Direct Sparse Mapping

Photometric bundle adjustment (PBA) accurately estimates geometry from video. However, current PBA systems have a temporary map that cannot manage scene reobservations. We present, direct sparse mapping, a full monocular visual simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) based on PBA. Its persistent map handles reobservations, yielding the most accurate results up to date on EuRoC for a direct method

Potencialidad de la cosecha y rendimiento industrial de bosques de Nothofagus antarctica en Tierra del Fuego (Argentina)

Martínez Pastur, G.; Lencinas, M.V. CADIC-CONICET. Casilla 92 (9410) Ushuaia, Argentina. Cellini, J.M. Cátedra de Biometría. Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina. Peri, P. UNPA-INTA-CONICET, Río Gallegos, Argentina.La propuesta silvícola para bosques de Nothofagus antarctica es el manejo silvopastoril, siendo la limitante para su implementación la falta de mercado para los productos madereros generados durante su aplicación. En Tierra del Fuego (Argentina) existen más de 180 mil ha, de las cuales 23% pertenecen a sitios medio-altos (>11,5 m de altura). El potencial de cosecha y el rendimiento industrial fueron analizados en 12 parcelas de 500 m², cuya área basal fue 58,7±11,5 m².ha-1 (promedio ± desvío estándar) con un remanente de 29,9±7,6 m².ha-1 luego de la aplicación de raleos. El volumen cosechado fue 102,2±29,0 m3.ha-1. El rendimiento en aserradero (127 trozas en 20 paquetes de muestreo) varió con la calidad y el tamaño de las trozas. Trozas >30 cm presentaron rendimientos del 34, 10, y 4% para calidades alta, media y baja, respectivamente. Trozas <30 cm de alta calidad presentaron rendimientos del 27%, y 10% para la de calidad media. Las trozas >30 cm de mejor calidad produjeron 9% de tablones, 21% de tablas, 49% de tirantes, 5% de madera corta y 16% de madera para pallet y las trozas <30 cm produjeron 0-1, 8-11%, 30-53%, 7- 16% y 32-43%, respectivamente. Los rendimientos sugieren la posibilidad de incorporar al aserrado solo trozas de alta calidad de cualquier diámetro, lo que representa rendimientos de cosecha de 50,0±27,9 m3.ha-1 para bosques de calidad de sitio media-alta. Considerando solo el punto de vista maderero, los rendimientos obtenidos pueden solventar la aplicación de los tratamientos silvopastoriles con ingresos brutos de hasta U$S 3500 por hectárea.Proyecto PID2005 35648 (SECYT-Argentina

Estudio de la frecuencia, distribución y rendimiento diagnóstico en las lesiones neoplásicas sincrónicas del carcinoma colo-rectal

ABSTRACT To analyse the frequency, characteristics and diagnosis of synchronic neoplastic lesions in colorectal cancer. A review was carried out of 384 colorectal cancers, diagnosed through complete colonoscopy and resected. The synchronic cancers and the characteristics of the adenomas were determined: number, size, histological type, dysplasia, as well as their localisation in the colon and with respect to the carcinoma. Twenty-eight synchronic cancers were found (7.3% of the total); 8 developed tumours and 20 malignant polyps. In 54.4% of the cases there was a synchronic adenoma. In patients with synchronic lesions, 43% showed an advanced adenoma. Twenty percent of the synchronic polyps found were proximal to the splenic flexure; 41% were distal and 38% had both localisations. Fifty-nine point one percent of the patients had some adenoma proximal to the cancer, with criteria of advanced adenoma in 13.9%. The distribution of the adenomas was more uniformly spread in the cancers with a proximal localisation (p = 0.038). Seventeen percent of the distal cancers presented synchronic lesions with a proximal colon localisation exclusively. Partial endoscopies would diagnose the distal cancers, but would omit a synchronic adenoma in 42.3% of the sigmoidoscopies and 40% of the short colonoscopies. High rates of carcinoma and synchronic adenomas were registered. We underline the high index of advanced adenomas and the frequency of synchronic lesions proximal to the cancer, which is why incomplete colonoscopies, although allowing the diagnosis of the distal cancer, omit a high percentage of synchronic adenomas, including advanced lesions. All of this confirms the need to perform a complete pre- , intra- and post operational colonoscopy in resectable colorectal cancer