383 research outputs found

    The Right to Informed Consent from Georg Jellinek' Status Theory

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    Jellinek has defined “status” as the relationship between the State and the individual that qualifies to the last one. His theory distinguishes four types: passive or subiectionis, negative or libertatis, positive or civitatis and active or status of active citizenship. Besides controversies about its validity, it is aimed here to relate Jellinek’s contribution to the conception of informed consent developed by the Spanish Constitutional Court, as a duty to refrain for healthcare professionals (STC 37/2011, among others), i.e. a denial of their power in Hohfeldian words, or a defence right. This analysis focuses on negative and positive statuses, since both are suitable for the structure of informed consent. The issue is about the position of defence rights within Jellinek’s theory and whether it is possible to use it to conceptualize contemporary fundamental rights

    A Model of Stimulus-Specific Neural Assemblies in the Insect Antennal Lobe

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    It has been proposed that synchronized neural assemblies in the antennal lobe of insects encode the identity of olfactory stimuli. In response to an odor, some projection neurons exhibit synchronous firing, phase-locked to the oscillations of the field potential, whereas others do not. Experimental data indicate that neural synchronization and field oscillations are induced by fast GABAA-type inhibition, but it remains unclear how desynchronization occurs. We hypothesize that slow inhibition plays a key role in desynchronizing projection neurons. Because synaptic noise is believed to be the dominant factor that limits neuronal reliability, we consider a computational model of the antennal lobe in which a population of oscillatory neurons interact through unreliable GABAA and GABAB inhibitory synapses. From theoretical analysis and extensive computer simulations, we show that transmission failures at slow GABAB synapses make the neural response unpredictable. Depending on the balance between GABAA and GABAB inputs, particular neurons may either synchronize or desynchronize. These findings suggest a wiring scheme that triggers stimulus-specific synchronized assemblies. Inhibitory connections are set by Hebbian learning and selectively activated by stimulus patterns to form a spiking associative memory whose storage capacity is comparable to that of classical binary-coded models. We conclude that fast inhibition acts in concert with slow inhibition to reformat the glomerular input into odor-specific synchronized neural assemblies

    Single cell gel electrophoresis as a tool to assess genetic damage in Heleobia cf. australis (Mollusca: Gastropoda) as sentinel for industrial and domestic pollution in Montevideo bay (Uruguay)

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    O conhecimento dos danos no DNA em organismos aquáticos de áreas poluídas é uma questão importante, já que a contaminação pode vir a alterar os organismos em níveis subletais. Apesar dos moluscos terem sido amplamente utilizados para monitorar a poluição da água, não há registros de estudos in vivo de genotoxicidade. Heleobia cf. australis é um pequeno gastrópode amplamente distribuído em quase todos os ecossistemas costeiros uruguaios, inclusive em locais altamente poluídos. O ensaio do cometa é um biomarcador genético do dano baseado na migração de fragmentos de DNA com carga negativa produzidas por agentes mutagênicos. Foram coletados indivíduos vivos na Baía de Montevidéu (área impactada) e Laguna Garzón (área controle) para analisar a presença de agentes mutagênicos que ocasionassem dano genético. Células de organismos da área impactada apresentaram níveis significativamente mais elevados de danos genéticos do que os obtidos na área controle. Esse nível de dano foi medido pela porcentagem de DNA na cauda. Embora preliminar, esta abordagem apoia a noção de que H. cf. australispoderia ser usado como sentinela para avaliar a presença de agentes mutagênicos em ambientes estuarinos, alertando sobre o impacto da poluição em estágios iniciais.The knowledge of the extent of DNA damage in aquatic organisms in polluted areas is an important issue because contamination may alter their health at sublethal levels. Although molluscs have been widely used to monitor water pollution, there are no records of in vivo genotoxicity studies. Heleobia cf. australis, is distributed in almost all Uruguayan coastal ecosystems, including highly polluted sites. The comet assay is a damage genetic biomarker based on the migration of negatively charged DNA fragments produced by mutagenic agents in individual cells. Live individuals were collected in the Montevideo Bay (impacted area) and Laguna Garzón (control) to analyze the presence of mutagenic agents in the former site through comet assay. Cells from organisms of the impacted area showed significantly higher levels of genetic damage than those obtained in the control population, measured by percentage of DNA in the tail. Although preliminary, this approach supports the idea that H. cf. australis could be used as a sentinel to evaluate the presence of mutagenic agents in estuarine environments, alerting to the impact of contamination in its early stages

    Hypothalamic AMPK-ER Stress-JNK1 Axis Mediates the Central Actions of Thyroid Hormones on Energy Balance

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    Thyroid hormones (THs) act in the brain to modulate energy balance. We show that central triiodothyronine (T3) regulates de novo lipogenesis in liver and lipid oxidation in brown adipose tissue (BAT) through the parasympathetic (PSNS) and sympathetic nervous system (SNS), respectively. Central T3 promotes hepatic lipogenesis with parallel stimulation of the thermogenic program in BAT. The action of T3 depends on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-induced regulation of two signaling pathways in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH): decreased ceramide-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which promotes BAT thermogenesis, and increased c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation, which controls hepatic lipid metabolism. Of note, ablation of AMPKalpha1 in steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1) neurons of the VMH fully recapitulated the effect of central T3, pointing to this population in mediating the effect of central THs on metabolism. Overall, these findings uncover the underlying pathways through which central T3 modulates peripheral metabolism

    Cognitive efficacy and neural mechanisms of music-based neurological rehabilitation for traumatic brain injury

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    Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes lifelong cognitive deficits, most often in executive function (EF). Both musical training and music-based rehabilitation have been shown to enhance EF and neuroplasticity. Thus far, however, there is little evidence for the potential rehabilitative effects of music for TBI. Here, we review the core findings from our recent cross-over randomized controlled trial in which a 10-week music-based neurological rehabilitation (MBNR) protocol was administered to 40 patients with moderate-to-severe TBI. Neuropsychological testing and structural/functional magnetic resonance imaging were collected at three time points (baseline, 3 months, and 6 months); one group received the MBNR between time points 1 and 2, while a second group received it between time points 2 and 3. We found that both general EF and set shifting improved after the intervention, and this effect was maintained long term. Morphometric analyses revealed therapy-induced gray matter volume changes most consistently in the right inferior frontal gyrus, changes that correlated with better outcomes in set shifting. Finally, we found changes in the between- and within-network functional connectivity of large-scale resting-state networks after MBNR, which also correlated with measures of EF. Taken together, the data provide evidence for concluding that MBNR improves EF in TBI; also, the data show that morphometric and resting-state functional connectivity are sensitive markers with which to monitor the neuroplasticity induced by the MBNR intervention.Peer reviewe

    En busca del lenguaje del horror: H. P. Lovecraft según Alberto Breccia

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    El presente trabajo se aboca al análisis de las transposiciones que realizara Alberto Breccia de Los mitos de Chtulhu de H. P Lovecraft durante la década del setenta. Proponemos que efectivamente existe una relación entre esta etapa de mayor experimentación formal de Breccia —cuyas técnicas se vinculan estrechamente con las vanguardias pictóricas— y sus elecciones temáticas, es decir, la selección de ciertos clásicos literarios vinculados al horror y a la literatura gótica a partir de los cuales el autor llevará a cabo sus innovadoras versiones historietísticas. En segundo lugar, se avanzará en el análisis de la interpretación y presentación que Breccia realiza de ciertos problemas propios de la obra de Lovecraft, principalmente el problema de lo irrepresentable en la experiencia del horror y su conexión con lo sublime y lo siniestro; problema que, por su naturaleza, no sólo habilitará sino que también reclamará un lenguaje pictórico que se oriente hacia la experimentación formal.The present work analyzes the Alberto Breccia´s transpositions of the H. P. Lovecraft´s Cthulhu Mythos in the seventies. We maintain that there is indeed a relationship between this period of intensive formal experimentation in Breccia´s work —which is linked with the pictorial avantgarde techniques— and the author’s selection of certain literary classics, connected with the horror and the gothic literature, from which he will create his innovative comics versions. Secondly, we will extend our analysis on the Breccia´s interpretation and presentation of some particular issues inherent to Lovecraft´s work. We will especially discuss the problem of the unrepresentable in the horror experience, and its relationship with the sublime and the uncanny. This problem, due to its nature, will not only allow but also demand a pictorial language oriented to formal experimentation.Fil: Martinez, Luciana Noelia. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

    Políticas de traducción y publicación de las revistas de ciencia ficción argentinas (1979-1987)

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    El siguiente trabajo analiza las políticas de traducción, publicación y promoción de las revistas argentinas especializadas en el género de ciencia ficción durante los años ochenta. La hipótesis principal es que la traducción funciona esencialmente en dos sentidos: en primera instancia, como medio de presentación y reconstrucción de una vertiente europea del género, gesto a partir del cual se espera crear una genealogía donde la ciencia ficción rioplatense pueda ser ubicada y pensada en términos de evolución; luego, en segundo lugar, como procedimiento que propicia e impulsa la producción local, tanto la narrativa como la crítica. Por último, se propone que el programa de traducción y publicación de dichas revistas tiene por corolario la promoción de ciertas figuras narrativas rioplatenses, entre ellas la del escritor uruguayo Mario Levrero.Fil: Martinez, Luciana Noelia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; Argentin

    Segmentación de la estructura musical mediante técnicas de aprendizaje automático.

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    [ES] En este trabajo se pretende afrontar el problema de la segmentación de las canciones en sus diferentes partes de forma automática por ordenador. Las canciones de cualquier estilo (pop/rock, tecno, clásica, popular, etc) se suelen estructurar en partes o segmentos diferenciados (introducción, estribillo, verso, etc) que se suceden o se intercalan. Resulta de interés para diversas aplicaciones multimedia, poder detectar estos puntos de cambio de manera automática, por ejemplo para la sincronización de vídeo o sistemas de recomendación musical. Para ello se recopilará una base datos de canciones que se etiquetarán a mano, para que sirvan de conjunto de entrenamiento. Posteriormente, se desarrollarán algoritmos de detección y clasificación que aprendan de la base de datos y consigan segmentar las canciones con el mínimo error posible.[EN] This works aims to address the problem of song segmentation in its different parts automatically by computer. Songs of any style (pop / rock, techno, classical, popular, etc.) are usually structured into different parts or segments (intro, chorus, verse, etc.) that follow or interleave. It the field multimedia it is of high interest for final applications, to be able to detect these change points automatically, for example for video synchronization or music recommendation systems. To do this, a database of songs that will be labeled by hand will be compiled to serve as a training set. Subsequently, detection and classification algorithms will be developed that learn from the database and manage to segment the songs with the minimum possible error.Aroca Martinez, N. (2020). Segmentación de la estructura musical mediante técnicas de aprendizaje automático. Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/156893TFG

    Pioneering the use of a plenoptic Adaptive Optics system for Free Space Optical Communications

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    Tesis doctoral en Astrofísica, fecha de lectura 30 de Septiembre de 2019In this thesis, an Adaptive Optics proposal is presented and experimentally verified at both laboratory and telescope, with the objective of compensating the atmospheric aberrations in the uplink beam and, therefore, ameliorate Free Space Optical Communication links performance and the generation of Laser Guide Stars for conventional AO systems. The research focuses on the active correction of Ground to Space laser beams (optical links and artificial stars), as downlink communications resemble conventional astronomical observations when applying Adaptive Optics techniques: the light is originated in space and it travels downwards through the atmosphere to the receiver (where the AO system would be placed), whereas the uplink needs to be corrected before existing the launching telescope by measuring the atmospheric wavefront with an a-priori unknown reference source. The uplink pre-compensation entails a scientific and technological challenge. The uplink correction problem was deeply studied by the formulation of all possible solutions, which are properly modelled and simulated with an already existing Adaptive Optics Matlab toolbox, into which new functionalities were coded and integrated (upwards Fresnel propagation, new concept wavefront sensor, etc.). Based on the simulation outcome, the corresponding requirements were formulated for the design of an uplink corrector AO system from the very last element to the control strategy. After the proper hardware acquisition (of both COTS elements and custom-built components), the uplink corrector laboratory scale prototype was built and integrated at IAC laboratory facilities. Finally from January 2019 to May 2019, the Uplink Wavefront Corrector System was integrated at the Optical Ground Station telescope at Teide Observatory, successfully demonstrating the uplink precompensation of the laser beam

    A modo de presentación. Estudios latinoamericanos sobre Otras literaturas

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    A la hora de pensar el título del evento de cuyo resultado se desprende el presente dossier (I Encuentro de Estudios Latinoamericanos sobre Otras literaturas, Rosario, 2017) se suscitaron entre quienes fuimos sus organizadoras (ambas coordinadoras asimismo de esta antología) una serie de debates, digamos, de alto voltaje. Y es que la complejidad del asunto lo ameritaba. Por un lado, la motivación de dicha organización respondía a una necesidad imperiosa de pensar las prácticas de lectura, investigación, reflexión y transmisión docente de literaturas tradicionalmente entendidas como “extranjeras” desde Latinoamérica (en nuestro caso circunscripta a las aulas argentinas). Esto implicaba no sólo revisar y repensar ciertos problemas de las literaturas comparadas, los planteos de la literatura mundial y aquellos que se desprenden de las teorías postcoloniales que señalan las dinámicas de construcción cultural desde la periferia, sino también reflexionar sobre el lugar de lo Otro en nuestras producciones locales. Porque, además, por otro lado, pensar las inflexiones de transmisión de Otras literaturas en el contexto de la cátedra de Literatura Europea II y Literatura Contemporánea de la UNR suponía enfrentarse a una tradición de problemas un tanto velados.Fil: Martinez, Luciana Noelia. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Humanidades y Artes. Instituto de Estudios Críticos en Humanidades. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Estudios Críticos en Humanidades; Argentin
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