4,898 research outputs found
Cervical Cancer Survival by Socioeconomic Status, Race/Ethnicity, and Place of Residence in Texas, 1995â2001
Objective: The current study explored whether socioeconomic status (SES), race/ethnicity, and rural residence may be linked to poorer cervical cancer survival by stage at diagnosis.
Methods: Data from 7,237 cervical cancer cases reported to the Texas Cancer Registry from 1995â2001 were used to address the association by stage at diagnosis and cause of death. Zip code-level census data were used to classify residence and to develop a composite variable for SES. Multilevel Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to estimate hazard ratios
(HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Results: Late stage at diagnosis was a strong predictor of cervical cancer mortality (HR _6.2, 95% CI 5.5-7.2). SES and race/ethnicity were independently associated with stage at diagnosis. Women residing in areas with lower SES had significantly shorter survival times when diagnosed at an early stage (HR _ 3.0, 95% CI 2.1-4.3). Hispanic women had a lower probability of dying from cervical cancer during the follow-up period (HR _ 0.7, 95% CI 0.6- 0.8) after adjusting for confounders. The association between lower SES and poorer survival was consistent across all racial/ethnic groups, suggesting the effect of SES may be more important than race.
Conclusions: SES and race/ethnicity were independently associated with poorer cervical cancer survival in this large Texas sample. Further research is needed to investigate the role of optimal treatment and comorbid conditions in the association between SES and cervical cancer survival
The Hydromagnetic Interior of a Solar Quiescent Prominence. I. Coupling between Force-balance and Steady Energy-transport
This series of papers investigates the dynamic interior of a quiescent
prominence revealed by recent {\it Hinode} and {\it SDO/AIA} high-resolution
observations. This first paper is a study of the static equilibrium of the
Kippenhahn-Schl\"{u}ter diffuse plasma slab, suspended vertically in a bowed
magnetic field, under the frozen-in condition and subject to a theoretical
thermal balance among an optically-thin radiation, heating, and field-aligned
thermal conduction. The everywhere-analytical solutions to this nonlinear
problem are an extremely restricted subset of the physically admissible states
of the system. For most values of the total mass frozen into a given bowed
field, force-balance and steady energy-transport cannot both be met without a
finite fraction of the total mass having collapsed into a cold sheet of zero
thickness, within which the frozen-in condition must break down. An exact,
resistive hydromagnetic extension of the Kippenhahn-Schl\"{u}ter slab is also
presented, resolving the mass-sheet singularity into a finite-thickness layer
of steadily-falling dense fluid. Our hydromagnetic result suggests that the
narrow, vertical prominence threads may be falling across magnetic
fields, with optically-thick cores much denser and ionized to much lower
degrees than conventionally considered. This implication is discussed in
relation to (i) the recent {\it SDO/AIA} observations of quiescent prominences
that are massive and yet draining mass everywhere in their interiors, (ii) the
canonical range of determined from spectral-polarimetric observations
of prominence magnetic fields over the years and (iii) the need for a more
realistic multi-fluid treatment.Comment: 45 pages, 14 figure
P-P Total Cross Sections at VHE from Accelerator Data
Comparison of P-P total cross-sections estimations at very high energies -
from accelerators and cosmic rays - shows a disagreement amounting to more than
10 %, a discrepancy which is beyond statistical errors. Here we use a
phenomenological model based on the Multiple-Diffraction approach to
successfully describe data at accelerator energies. The predictions of the
model are compared with data On the basis of regression analysis we determine
confident error bands, analyzing the sensitivity of our predictions to the
employed data for extrapolation. : using data at 546 and 1.8 TeV, our
extrapolations for p-p total cross-sections are only compatible with the Akeno
cosmic ray data, predicting a slower rise with energy than other cosmic ray
results and other extrapolation methods. We discuss our results within the
context of constraints in the light of future accelerator and cosmic ray
experimental results.Comment: 26 pages aqnd 11 figure
Analytic models and forward scattering from accelerator to cosmic-ray energies
Analytic models for hadron-hadron scattering are characterized by analytical
parametrizations for the forward amplitudes and the use of dispersion relation
techniques to study the total cross section and the
parameter. In this paper we investigate four aspects related to the application
of the model to and scattering, from accelerator to cosmic-ray
energies: 1) the effect of different estimations for from
cosmic-ray experiments; 2) the differences between individual and global
(simultaneous) fits to and ; 3) the role of the
subtraction constant in the dispersion relations; 4) the effect of distinct
asymptotic inputs from different analytic models. This is done by using as a
framework the single Pomeron and the maximal Odderon parametrizations for the
total cross section. Our main conclusions are the following: 1) Despite the
small influence from different cosmic-ray estimations, the results allow us to
extract an upper bound for the soft pomeron intercept: ;
2) although global fits present good statistical results, in general, this
procedure constrains the rise of ; 3) the subtraction constant as
a free parameter affects the fit results at both low and high energies; 4)
independently of the cosmic-ray information used and the subtraction constant,
global fits with the odderon parametrization predict that, above GeV, becomes greater than , and
this result is in complete agreement with all the data presently available. In
particular, we infer at GeV and
at 500 GeV (BNL RHIC energies).Comment: 16 pages, 7 figures, aps-revtex, wording changes, corrected typos, to
appear in Physical Review
Genome-wide association study identifies loci associated with liability to alcohol and drug dependence that is associated with variability in reward-related ventral striatum activity in African- and European-Americans.
Genetic influences on alcohol and drug dependence partially overlap, however, specific loci underlying this overlap remain unclear. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of a phenotype representing alcohol or illicit drug dependence (ANYDEP) among 7291 European-Americans (EA; 2927 cases) and 3132 African-Americans (AA: 1315 cases) participating in the family-based Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism. ANYDEP was heritable (h 2 in EA = 0.60, AA = 0.37). The AA GWAS identified three regions with genome-wide significant (GWS; Pâ<â5E-08) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on chromosomes 3 (rs34066662, rs58801820) and 13 (rs75168521, rs78886294), and an insertion-deletion on chromosome 5 (chr5:141988181). No polymorphisms reached GWS in the EA. One GWS region (chromosome 1: rs1890881) emerged from a trans-ancestral meta-analysis (EAâ+âAA) of ANYDEP, and was attributable to alcohol dependence in both samples. Four genes (AA: CRKL, DZIP3, SBK3; EA: P2RX6) and four sets of genes were significantly enriched within biological pathways for hemostasis and signal transduction. GWS signals did not replicate in two independent samples but there was weak evidence for association between rs1890881 and alcohol intake in the UK Biobank. Among 118 AA and 481 EA individuals from the Duke Neurogenetics Study, rs75168521 and rs1890881 genotypes were associated with variability in reward-related ventral striatum activation. This study identified novel loci for substance dependence and provides preliminary evidence that these variants are also associated with individual differences in neural reward reactivity. Gene discovery efforts in non-European samples with distinct patterns of substance use may lead to the identification of novel ancestry-specific genetic markers of risk
Damping mechanisms for oscillations in solar prominences
Small amplitude oscillations are a commonly observed feature in
prominences/filaments. These oscillations appear to be of local nature, are
associated to the fine structure of prominence plasmas, and simultaneous flows
and counterflows are also present. The existing observational evidence reveals
that small amplitude oscillations, after excited, are damped in short spatial
and temporal scales by some as yet not well determined physical mechanism(s).
Commonly, these oscillations have been interpreted in terms of linear
magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves, and this paper reviews the theoretical damping
mechanisms that have been recently put forward in order to explain the observed
attenuation scales. These mechanisms include thermal effects, through
non-adiabatic processes, mass flows, resonant damping in non-uniform media, and
partial ionization effects. The relevance of each mechanism is assessed by
comparing the spatial and time scales produced by each of them with those
obtained from observations. Also, the application of the latest theoretical
results to perform prominence seismology is discussed, aiming to determine
physical parameters in prominence plasmas that are difficult to measure by
direct means.Comment: 36 pages, 16 figures, Space Science Reviews (accepted
Search for gravitational wave bursts in LIGO's third science run
We report on a search for gravitational wave bursts in data from the three
LIGO interferometric detectors during their third science run. The search
targets subsecond bursts in the frequency range 100-1100 Hz for which no
waveform model is assumed, and has a sensitivity in terms of the
root-sum-square (rss) strain amplitude of hrss ~ 10^{-20} / sqrt(Hz). No
gravitational wave signals were detected in the 8 days of analyzed data.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures. Amaldi-6 conference proceedings to be published
in Classical and Quantum Gravit
TEAM BUILDING INITIATIVES AS A TOOL IN INCREASING MOTIVATION AND EMPLOYEESâ PRODUCTIVITY IN THE FOOD SERVICE SECTOR
Successful teamwork doesn't work overnight, what makes teamwork potent is team building. (Plagiarism) According to
Abdullah, et. al., (2022) team building training can improve group cohesiveness or the quality of sticking together or unity
teamwork more likely to be higher with a significant score difference. This study used mixed methods both qualitative and
quantitative data collection, and an analysis method to answer the research method, random sampling is named as such
because the data set is chosen via random selection, where every member of the population has an equal probability of
being selected (Tao, 2023). The respondents were 100 restaurant employees and 10 managers from the chosen restaurant
in Malolos City in Bulacan. The subcategories of team building, including activities, communication, skills, personality,
problem-solving, and values, have all received a consensus of strong agreement, with weighted averages falling within the
range of 3.26 to 3.44. This level of agreement aligns with the scores for motivation at 3.43 and productivity at 3.38. These
values have been calculated by determining the mean, which spans from 3.25 to 4.00. The advantages of team building
that is being observed by the managers is to create familiarity and teamwork among the employees, to improve the quality
of service and the quality of the food especially the respondents are in the food service sector, development, and training
for the employees to achieve the establishmentsâ goal and lastly rebuilding and build a relationship with one employee to
another. However, for the disadvantages, it costs a lot of money to conduct team building in the management. Therefore,
the null hypothesis is rejected. Despite the fact that there is a low correlation between teambuilding activities and motivation
and employee productivity, there is still a significant relationship between the variables
- âŠ