L'assemblage de systèmes d'informations économique et logistique pour supporter la négociation dans la filière canne - Une expérience sémantique

14 p.To address the supply and the payment jointly in different socio-economic contexts, the sugarcane industry wants to gather two existing information systems. MAGI ® and MODECO being from different disciplinary background, they experience a different way the functioning of the sugar industry. The question that arises is that of the impact of this difference on merging databases. The purpose of this paper is to relate the experience of building the software platform PEMPA® and in particular deal with database merging using the ontology's alignment

Spinal cord repair strategies: Schwann cells, neurotrophic factors, and biodegradable polymers

Injury to the adult mammalian spinal cord leads to permanent loss of controlled neurological function. Endogenous repair mechanisms fail to reestablish functional synoptic connections. Moreover, neurological outcome usually gets worse in time, due to neurodestructive processes inherent to the adult spinal cord. Surgical repair strategies need to focus on replacing damaged/lost nervous tissue, promoting axonal regeneration and reestablishing functional synaptic contacts. This review will discuss the current understanding of the potential beneficial role of Schwann cells, neurotrophic factors, biodegradable polymers or combinations thereof in spinal cord injury. Replacement, of injured spinal tissue with a Schwann cell graft promotes axonal regeneration and myelination. Neurotrophic factors initiate and/or enhance events that are crucial for functional recovery, such as cell survival and axonal regeneration. Biodegradable polymers can be used as a scaffold for cell implantation and/or as a drug delivery vehicle. The complex nature of spinal cord injury demands a combinatorial restorative approach. For the future, the challenge will be to combine individual growth-promoting properties such that neurological recovery in spinal cord injured humans can be achieved.Biomedical Reviews 1999; 10: 75-88

A new model to predict weak-lensing peak counts III. Filtering technique comparisons

This is the third in a series of papers that develop a new and flexible model to predict weak-lensing (WL) peak counts, which have been shown to be a very valuable non-Gaussian probe of cosmology. In this paper, we compare the cosmological information extracted from WL peak counts using different filtering techniques of the galaxy shear data, including linear filtering with a Gaussian and two compensated filters (the starlet wavelet and the aperture mass), and the nonlinear filtering method MRLens. We present improvements to our model that account for realistic survey conditions, which are masks, shear-to-convergence transformations, and non-constant noise. We create simulated peak counts from our stochastic model, from which we obtain constraints on the matter density $\Omega_\mathrm{m}$, the power spectrum normalisation $\sigma_8$, and the dark-energy parameter $w_0$. We use two methods for parameter inference, a copula likelihood, and approximate Bayesian computation (ABC). We measure the contour width in the $\Omega_\mathrm{m}$-$\sigma_8$ degeneracy direction and the figure of merit to compare parameter constraints from different filtering techniques. We find that starlet filtering outperforms the Gaussian kernel, and that including peak counts from different smoothing scales helps to lift parameter degeneracies. Peak counts from different smoothing scales with a compensated filter show very little cross-correlation, and adding information from different scales can therefore strongly enhance the available information. Measuring peak counts separately from different scales yields tighter constraints than using a combined peak histogram from a single map that includes multiscale information. Our results suggest that a compensated filter function with counts included separately from different smoothing scales yields the tightest constraints on cosmological parameters from WL peaks.Comment: 14 pages, 12 figures, published versio

Consomme-t-on ce que l'on sème ? Relations entre diversité de la production, revenu agricole et diversité alimentaire au Burkina Faso

Augmenter la production agricole peut théoriquement améliorer la diversité de l'alimentation, via l'autoconsommation ou par l'achat de produits diversifiés grâce à l'augmentation du revenu agricole. Or, dans certaines régions d'Afrique de l'Ouest où le niveau de la production est relativement élevé, on observe une faible diversité de la consommation alimentaire. L'objectif de cette étude est d'estimer, au sein de ménages agricoles, les associations entre la diversité de l'alimentation des femmes et respectivement la diversité de la production et le revenu agricole. Nous avons mené une enquête auprès de 579 exploitations représentatives de la région des Hauts-Bassins au Burkina Faso à trois périodes entre mai 2013 et janvier 2014. La diversité agricole a été évaluée à travers le nombre d'espèces cultivées, d'arbres locaux conservés sur les parcelles et d'espèces animales élevées. À partir d'un rappel qualitatif de la consommation alimentaire des 24 heures précédant l'enquête, nous avons calculé le score de diversité alimentaire des femmes en suivant les recommandations internationales récentes (nombre de groupes d'aliments consommés parmi les dix définis). Ce score est faible et ne varie pas au cours de l'année, mais les groupes d'aliments le composant changent. Les résultats d'un modèle de régression montrent que, en mai et août 2013, la diversité alimentaire n'est pas liée au nombre de cultures mais au nombre d'espèces d'arbres conservés. Les recettes monétaires agricoles des exploitations ne sont que faiblement corrélées avec une meilleure diversité alimentaire toute l'année, tandis que les recettes monétaires agricoles (mai 2013) et non agricoles des femmes le sont plus nettement. Les femmes recevant un transfert d'argent de la part du chef d'exploitation présentent par ailleurs une meilleure diversité alimentaire à toutes les saisons. Dans ce milieu rural agricole, le contrôle des ressources par les femmes semble être un meilleur garant de la qualité de leur alimentation que le niveau des productions agricoles de l'exploitation. (Résumé d'auteur

Non responsabilité criminelle pour cause de troubles mentaux : comparaison des pratiques de supervision des Commissions d’examen aux peines prononcées dans le système pénal

Depuis les années 1990, un nombre grandissant d’accusés sont déclarés non criminellement responsables pour cause de troubles mentaux au Canada (NCRTM). Si certains craignent que ce verdict représente une échappatoire à la punition et libère des individus dangereux en collectivité, d’autres s’interrogent à savoir si cette défense n’occasionnerait pas plus de contrôle qu’une peine dans le système pénal traditionnel. Certains questionnent également la capacité des Commissions d’examen à prendre des décisions qui s’écartent de la rationalité du système punitif. Objectif : Cette étude a pour but de comparer la supervision imposée aux accusés NCRTM à celle des accusés coupables et responsables (CR). Cette comparaison cherche à observer les particularités des trajectoires (durées de supervision et de détention et présence de détention dans le suivi) de ces populations, dans trois provinces canadiennes (Québec, Ontario, Colombie-Britannique) entre 2000 et 2008. Deux sources de données ont été utilisées, soit celle du National Trajectory Project of Individuals Found Not Criminally Responsible on Account of Mental Disorder in Canada pour les accusés NCRTM et celle de l’Enquête sur les tribunaux de juridiction criminelle de Statistiques Canada pour ceux déclarés CR. Résultats : Les résultats des régressions de Cox et logistiques indiquent que les accusés NCRTM sont près de trois fois et quatre fois moins susceptibles d’être libérés rapidement de supervision et de détention et sont cinq fois plus susceptibles d’être détenus que les accusés CR. Des différences importantes sont présentes dans les pratiques des provinces, mais de manière significativement plus importante chez les accusés NCRTM.Since the 1990’s, the number of individuals found not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder has increased in Canada. However, the NCRMD verdict remains controversial. While some fear that the verdict is a loophole and releases dangerous individuals in the community, others suggest that this defense could cause more control than a sentence in the criminal justice system. Some also question the ability of Review Boards to leave aside the punitive rationale in the decision-making process. Objective: This study examines the supervison practices imposed to NCRMD accused by comparing them with those applied to offenders found guilty and responsible (GR). This comparison aims to highlight the specificities these two populations’ trajectories (length of supervision, length of detention and presence of detention in follow-up), in three Canadian provinces (Quebec, Ontario and British Columbia) between 2000 and 2008. Two datasets were used. The first comprises individuals found NCRMD (n = 1794) and comes from the National Trajectory Project of Individuals Found Not Criminally Responsible on Account of Mental Disorder in Canada. The second comprises GR offenders (n = 320,919) and comes from Statistics Canada's Criminal Court Survey. Results: The Cox and logistic regressions results show that NCRMD individuals are almost three times and four times likely to be released from legal supervision and detention respectively compared to GR offenders, and are five times more likely to be detained during follow-up. Provincial differences were also observed, theses disparities being significantly greater among NCRMD individuals

Angular dependence of the luminance and contrast in medical monochrome liquid crystal displays

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134850/1/mp6449.pd

Validation of a French version of the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire: In Competitive Sport and Physical Education Context.

International audienceThe purpose of this research was to develop a psychometrically sound measure of the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ, Raedeke & Smith, 2001) in French. First, a preliminary version was developed. Second, 895 French adolescents involved in competitive sport or physical education at school completed the survey. The results showed good internal consistency (all Cronbach's alphas > .75). Confirmatory factor analysis with the three subscales of the ABQ (emotional and physical exhaustion, reduced sense of accomplishment, and devaluation) confirmed the structure of the instrument and good data fit (NNFI = .95, CFI = .96, GFI = .95, RMSEA = .07) in accordance with the results obtained in previous studies (e.g., Cresswell & Eklund, 2005a, 2005b; Raedeke & Smith, 2001). Furthermore, the patterns of relationships between the ABQ subscales and motivation, self confidence, and anxiety provide concurrent validity of the ABQ

Cryptic diversity within the major trypanosomiasis vector Glossina fuscipes revealed by molecular markers

Background: The tsetse fly Glossina fuscipes s.l. is responsible for the transmission of approximately 90% of cases of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) or sleeping sickness. Three G. fuscipes subspecies have been described, primarily based upon subtle differences in the morphology of their genitalia. Here we describe a study conducted across the range of this important vector to determine whether molecular evidence generated from nuclear DNA (microsatellites and gene sequence information), mitochondrial DNA and symbiont DNA support the existence of these taxa as discrete taxonomic units. Principal Findings: The nuclear ribosomal Internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) provided support for the three subspecies. However nuclear and mitochondrial sequence data did not support the monophyly of the morphological subspecies G. f.fuscipes or G. f. quanzensis. Instead, the most strongly supported monophyletic group was comprised of flies sampled fromEthiopia. Maternally inherited loci (mtDNA and symbiont) also suggested monophyly of a group from Lake Victoria basin and Tanzania, but this group was not supported by nuclear loci, suggesting different histories of these markers. Microsatellite data confirmed strong structuring across the range of G. fuscipes s.l., and was useful for deriving the interrelationship of closely related populations. Conclusion/Significance: We propose that the morphological classification alone is not used to classify populations of G. fuscipes for control purposes. The Ethiopian population, which is scheduled to be the target of a sterile insect release (SIT) programme, was notably discrete. From a programmatic perspective this may be both positive, given that it may reflect limited migration into the area or negative if the high levels of differentiation are also reflected in reproductive isolation between this population and the flies to be used in the release programme