High Throughput Genome-Wide Survey of Small RNAs from the Parasitic Protists Giardia intestinalis and Trichomonas vaginalis

RNA interference (RNAi) is a set of mechanisms which regulate gene expression in eukaryotes. Key elements of RNAi are small sense and antisense RNAs from 19 to 26 nt generated from double-stranded RNAs. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a major type of RNAi-associated small RNAs and are found in most eukaryotes studied to date. To investigate whether small RNAs associated with RNAi appear to be present in all eukaryotic lineages, and therefore present in the ancestral eukaryote, we studied two deep-branching protozoan parasites, Giardia intestinalis and Trichomonas vaginalis. Little is known about endogenous small RNAs involved in RNAi of these organisms. Using Illumina Solexa sequencing and genome-wide analysis of small RNAs from these distantly related deep-branching eukaryotes, we identified 10 strong miRNA candidates from Giardia and 11 from Trichomonas. We also found evidence of Giardia short-interfering RNAs potentially involved in the expression of variant-specific surface proteins. In addition, eight new small nucleolar RNAs from Trichomonas are identified. Our results indicate that miRNAs are likely to be general in ancestral eukaryotes and therefore are likely to be a universal feature of eukaryotes

Physik im 21. Jahrhundert: Essays zum Stand der Physik

Physik ist eine höchst lebendige Wissenschaft! Einmal gewonnene Grundlagen-Erkenntnisse lassen sich auf unübersehbar viele Anwendungsbereiche anwenden. Experimentell gesichertes Detailwissen wächst heute in wenigen Dekaden lawinenartig in eine Größenordnung, die selbst für den Fachmann im Ganzen nicht mehr überschaubar ist. Dieses Werk wählt einen neuen Zugang: Beschränkung auf wenige, exemplarische Teilgebiete der modernen Physik bei Darstellung ihrer Zusammenhänge in aller Tiefe. Verfasser der Beiträge sind herausragende Wissenschaftler mit großer Lebenserfahrung, die dem Leser in ihrem Fachgebiet Zusammenhänge erschließen und Ausblicke in zukünftige Möglichkeiten eröffnen. Mit ihrer in langjähriger Lehrtätigkeit gesammelten Erfahrung formulieren sie das in einem reichen Forscherleben gesammeltes Wissen ohne Abstriche an den Erkenntniswert so, dass es von einer elementaren Basis aus zugänglich ist

Springer Handbook of Condensed Matter and Materials Data

Condensed Matter and Materials Science are two of the most active fields of applied physics, with a stream of discoveries in areas from superconductivity and magnetism to the optical, electronic and mechanical properties of materials. While a huge amount of data has been compiled and spread over numerous reference works, no single volume compiles the most used information. Springer Handbook of Condensed Matter and Materials Data provides a concise compilation of data and functional relationships from the fields of solid-state physics and materials in this 1200-page volume. The data, encapsulated in over 750 tables and 1025 illustrations, have been selected and extracted primarily from the extensive high-quality data collection Landolt-Börnstein and also from other systematic data sources and recent publications of physical and technical property data. Many chapters are authored by Landolt-Börnstein editors, including the editors of this Springer Handbook. Key Topics Fundamental Constants The International System of Units (SI) Rudiments of Crystallography The Elements Metals, Ceramics, Polymers, Glasses Semiconductors, Superconductors, Magnetic Materials, Dielectrics and Electrooptics Ferroelectrics and Antiferroelectrics Liquid Crystals Physics of Solid Surfaces, Mesoscopic and Nanostructered Materials Features Covers basic data, materials, properties and fabrication. Contains most frequently used data and relationships. Authoritative one-volume desk reference Contains most frequently used data and relationships in condensed-matter and materials science Incorporates the latest CODATA values for fundamental physical constants Provides quick access to applicable, reliable, and comprehensive data tables and graphs Electronic contents fully searchable on accompanying CD-ROM with links to Landolt-Boernsstein and other original literature Handy format, lucid two-color layout, uniformly styled figures, highly readable tables and visible tabs Contains 1000 two-color illustrations and over 900 comprehensive tables. Features exhaustive references to approved data. A detailed index and fully searchable CD-ROM guarantee quick access to data and links to other sources

Particle cosmology

Schwarz D. Particle cosmology. Numerical data and functional relationships in science and technology / Landolt-Börnstein. Group 1: Elementary particles, nuclei and atoms. 2008;21(Subvol. A: Theory and experiments):9-1-9-37