50 research outputs found

    SISYPHE - An Integrated Development Environment for System Designing and Performing Simulations

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    In order to perform simulations of complex phenomena or solve problems, using systems is often the only resort. This paper examines the design of a general discrete-time system, modeling an interaction medium between several agents. Basic concepts like system, species, colony, subsystem, mutable arc and interface are precisely defined. An integrated development environment for system designing and performing simulations - SISYPHE - is described and some applications of system oriented programming are given

    Improving the Robustness of Difference of Convex Algorithm in the Research of a Global Optimum of a Nonconvex Differentiable Function Defined on a Bounded Closed Interval

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    International audienceIn this paper we present an algorithm for solving a DC problem non convex on an interval [a, b] of R. We use the DCA (Difference of Convex Algorithm) and the minimum of the average of two approximations of the function from a and b.This strategy has the advantage of giving in general a minimum to be situated in the attraction zone of the global minimum searched. After applying the DCA from this minimum we certainly arrive at the global minimum searched

    High-resolution optical and SAR image fusion for building database updating

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    This paper addresses the issue of cartographic database (DB) creation or updating using high-resolution synthetic aperture radar and optical images. In cartographic applications, objects of interest are mainly buildings and roads. This paper proposes a processing chain to create or update building DBs. The approach is composed of two steps. First, if a DB is available, the presence of each DB object is checked in the images. Then, we verify if objects coming from an image segmentation should be included in the DB. To do those two steps, relevant features are extracted from images in the neighborhood of the considered object. The object removal/inclusion in the DB is based on a score obtained by the fusion of features in the framework of Dempster–Shafer evidence theory

    Multiple description coding technique to improve the robustness of ACELP based coders AMR-WB

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    In this paper, a concealment method based on multiple-description coding (MDC) is presented, to improve speech quality deterioration caused by packet loss for algebraic code-excited linear prediction (ACELP) based coders. We apply to the ITU-T G.722.2 coder, a packet loss concealment (PLC) technique, which uses packetization schemes based on MDC. This latter is used with two new designed modes, which are modes 5 and 6 (18,25 and 19,85 kbps, respectively). We introduce our new second-order Markov chain model with four states in order to simulate network losses for different loss rates. The performance measures, with objective and subjective tests under various packet loss conditions, show a significant improvement of speech quality for ACELP based coders. The wideband perceptual evaluation of speech quality (WB-PESQ), enhanced modified bark spectral distortion (EMBSD), mean opinion score (MOS) tests and MUltiple Stimuli with Hidden Reference and Anchor (MUSHRA) for speech extracted from TIMIT database confirm the efficiency of our proposed approach and show a considerable enhancement in speech quality compared to the embedded algorithm in the standard ITU-T G.722.2

    An optimal multiedge detector for SAR image segmentation,”

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    Abstract-Edge detection is a fundamental issue in image analysis. Due to the presence of speckle, which can be modeled as a strong, multiplicative noise, edge detection in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images is extremely difficult, and edge detectors developed for optical images are inefficient. Several robust operators have been developed for the detection of isolated step edges in speckled images. We propose a new step-edge detector for SAR images, which is optimal in the minimum mean square error (MSSE) sense under a stochastic multiedge model. It computes a normalized ratio of exponentially weighted averages (ROEWA) on opposite sides of the central pixel. This is done in the horizontal and vertical direction, and the magnitude of the two components yields an edge strength map. Thresholding of the edge strength map by a modified version of the watershed algorithm and region merging to eliminate false edges complete an efficient segmentation scheme. Experimental results obtained from simulated SAR images as well as ERS-1 data are presented. Index Terms-Edge detection, multiedge model, region merging, segmentation, speckle, synthetic aperture radar (SAR), watershed algorithm

    Amélioration de la qualité géométrique des images spatiales radar (méthodes de localisation et restitution du relief par radargrammétrie)

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    L'observation de la Terre depuis l'espace par les capteurs radar a ouvert de nouvelles perspectives dans le domaine des techniques d'exploitation des images et dans le domaine des applications servies par ces produits radar. Cette thÚse s'intéresse à la qualité géométrique des images radar à synthÚse d'ouverture acquises par satellite. Cet aspect est d'une grande importance lors de l'intégration de ces données dans des systÚmes avec des sources de données hétérogÚnes, et lors de l'application de méthodes basées sur les modÚles géométriques des images telles que la localisation et la restitution du relief. Nous commençons par la description de la modélisation du processus physique de prise de vue de l'image radar qui sert de base aux méthodes de localisation et aux applications liées à la géométrie des images. Puis nous montrons que des erreurs contaminent les valeurs des paramÚtres du modÚle de prise de vue et nous analysons tous les foyers éventuels d'imprécision afin, d'une part, d'établir le vecteur d'état des paramÚtres à estimer et, d'autre part, par un processus de modélisation/simulation de disposer d'un outil d'expertise sur les potentialités en localisation et en restitution du relief de systÚmes spatiaux radar existants ou futurs. L'ajustement des modÚles de prise de vue, posé comme un problÚme d'estimation de paramÚtres en présence de bruit dans les mesures d'appui, est ensuite résolu simultanément pour un bloc d'images qui se chevauchent. Finalement, nous étudions la radargrammétrie qui consiste à générer des modÚles numériques de terrain à partir d'images radar stéréoscopiques. Une nouvelle chaßne de traitement radargrammétrique est mise au point avec un module original de mise en géométrie épipolaire et une analyse de l'influence du filtrage des images en amont de l'étape d'appariement.TOULOUSE-ENSEEIHT (315552331) / SudocSudocFranceF

    A compromise solution method for the multiobjective minimum risk problem

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    International audienceWe develop an approach which enables the decision maker to search for a compromise solution to a multiobjective stochastic linear programming (MOSLP) problem where the objective functions depend on parameters which are continuous random variables with normal multivariate distributions. The minimum-risk criterion is used to transform the MOSLP problem into its corresponding deterministic equivalent which in turn is reduced to a Chebyshev problem. An algorithm based on the combined use of the bisection method and the probabilities of achieving goals is developed to obtain the optimal or epsilon optimal solution of this specific problem. An illustrated example is included in this paper to clarify the developed theory

    Segmentation et détection d'objets par caractérisation multi-échelle

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    International audienceHalf away between edge detection and object recognition this study aim to characterize singularities in order to guide this two phases. The caracterization is obtained with a generalization of the Lipschitz exponents .for complex structures. This new characterization is called " maxima chain " and integrates the notion of value and spatial repartition of the maxima. The maxima chains are obtained with a multiscale decomposition using a Diadic Discrete Wavelet Transform (DDWT). We use the maxima of the gradient image computed with the wavelet details. The local maxima detect the position of irregular structures (edges) in the image (Canny algorithm). Then we characterize each maxima using their evolution across the different scales. A classification is made using the maxima chains. We integrate the classification to eliminate unwanted maxima (from noise or other objects) to drive the search of closed contours. In fact, there is a totally different signature from one maxima to another depending on the parameters of the objects : nature, shape, size, gray scale, texture, ..

    Appariement d'images Radar à SynthÚse d'Ouverture en conditions radargrammétriques

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    Le radar Ă  synthĂšse d'ouverture (RSO) est un puissant outil de tĂ©lĂ©dĂ©tection capable de fournir des images Ă  haute rĂ©solution de la surface terrestre par tout temps, de jour comme de nuit. Les images radar sont caractĂ©risĂ©es par une forte granulation appelĂ©e speckle, inhĂ©rente Ă  la formation mĂȘme des donnĂ©es radar et qui rend extrĂȘmement difficile leur interprĂ©tation automatique. L'objectif de cette thĂšse concerne la radargrammĂ©trie ou stĂ©rĂ©ovision radar, qui consiste Ă  produire des modĂšles d'Ă©lĂ©vation de terrain Ă  partir de paires d'images RSO. Pour cela il faut passer notamment par une phase-clĂ© appelĂ©e appariement qui peut se faire Ă  court terme en deux Ă©tapes : on effectue d'abord un filtrage du speckle, c'est-Ă -dire une estimation des rĂ©flectivitĂ©s radar sous-jacentes de la surface imagĂ©e. ceci permet alors d'appliquer aux images filtrĂ©es des mĂ©thodes de traitement d'images Ă©prouvĂ©es en imagerie optique. Cette approche en deux temps est cependant limitĂ©e car fortement dĂ©pendante des rĂ©sultats du filtrage qui, s'il rĂ©duit le speckle, ne le supprime pas complĂštement. Nous proposons une autre approche, dite "deux en un", qui consiste Ă  dĂ©velopper des outils de stĂ©rĂ©ovision dĂ©diĂ©s aux images RSO. L'Ă©tape d'appariement s'applique directement Ă  des images non filtrĂ©es au prĂ©alable et se base sur une mĂ©thode d'optimisation robuste tenant compte des statistiques connues en imagerie RSO. Nous montrons qu'elle donne de meilleurs rĂ©sultats qu'une approche en deux temps.TOULOUSE-ENSEEIHT (315552331) / SudocSudocFranceF

    CONSTRUCTION DE FILTRES POUR LE TRAITEMENT D’IMAGES NUMERIQUES

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    Une construction systĂ©matique de filtres Ă  base de polynĂŽmes de Lagrange permettant d’estimer le gradient et le laplacien dans des images numĂ©riques est prĂ©sentĂ©e. Le problĂšme de l’invariance par rotation de tels filtres est Ă©galement abordĂ© et des solutions sont proposĂ©es
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