La responsabilidad social empresarial, como parte de la gestión estratégica de cambio, en las pymes industriales / Corporate social responsibility, as part of the strategic management of change, in industrial smes

La importancia de la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial, (RSE) surge de la conducta ética, al cuidado ambiental, la justicia laboral y al mercado competitivo, como una forma estratégica para crear valores y compromiso en las empresas. Objetivo general: Análisis de la gestión estratégica de cambio en las Pymes industriales, ubicadas en la ciudad de Hermosillo, Sonora, desde el enfoque de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial. Metodología con enfoque cuantitativo y cualitativo, cuyos resultados fueron analizados a través de una encuesta aplicada a cuarenta y cinco Pymes industriales. El resultado importante se tiene que un 60% de las industrias encuestadas, siempre promueven evitar el trabajo forzoso y obligatorio, el 75% señalan que eliminan toda discriminación en relación al empleo y tipo de trabajo, aprovechando su destreza, habilidad y creatividad, el 80% señalan que, en sus relaciones con el recurso humano, respetan sus derechos, libertad de expresión, tradiciones y culturas. Se concluye que las empresas deberán hacer un planteamiento de iniciativas para posicionar la RSE en la gestión empresarial, incluir dentro de su misión, la parte esencial de los principios universales donde los  empresarios deberán asumir y adoptar esta responsabilidad, la competencia y otros factores económicos, ocasiona que estas empresas vean  la RSE como algo secundario, estando condicionada a la satisfacción de las expectativas de sus participantes y de ellos depende la continuidad y permanencia, para lograr una gestión estratégica, requieren adoptar una actitud de mejora continua, de proactividad, de liderazgo, voluntad e interés para realizar acciones de carácter social y medioambiental, como parte del compromiso.           

Gestión del conocimiento. Perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 17

El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, Volumen 17 de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro es una publicación internacional, seriada, continua, arbitrada, de acceso abierto a todas las áreas del conocimiento, orientada a contribuir con procesos de gestión del conocimiento científico, tecnológico y humanístico. Con esta colección, se aspira contribuir con el cultivo, la comprensión, la recopilación y la apropiación social del conocimiento en cuanto a patrimonio intangible de la humanidad, con el propósito de hacer aportes con la transformación de las relaciones socioculturales que sustentan la construcción social de los saberes y su reconocimiento como bien público

Validación de la escala de liderazgo en Pymes para la industria alimentaria

Objetivo: determinar las propiedades psicométricas y discriminantes de la escala de liderazgo en micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas de la rama económica de panadería y tortilla, con la finalidad de contribuir en la identificación de los factores de disolución y permanencia de éstas en Hermosillo, Sonora. Método: a través de un diseño no experimental de tipo descriptivo correlacional y una muestra aleatoria estratificada de 180 participantes de la población de estudio, se efectuó un análisis factorial exploratorio con rotación Oblimín, análisis discriminante múltiple y prueba de hipótesis. Resultados: se corroboró una estructura tridimensional para el constructo de liderazgo con fiabilidad y validez discriminante. El análisis mostró igualdad de las matrices de covarianzas entre grupos, con alta significancia y diferencias entre las poblaciones de tortillerías y panaderías. Limitaciones: los resultados evidencian validez y confiabilidad para la rama económica específica de la industria alimentaria. Sin embargo, estos pueden ser diferentes en otras poblaciones o sectores económicos. Principales hallazgos: contribuye en la aportación de una escala válida y confiable de liderazgo para Pymes y una tipología de estas poblaciones en la industria alimentaria

Comparación del gasto de los hogares en alimentos de baja calidad nutricional: Sonora y México 2018

Objective: To compare the spending on foods of poor nutritional quality (ABCN for its acronym in Spanish) of Sonora and national households according to their income decile. Methodology: Based on the ENIGH 2016-2018 and by means of the ANOVA statistical technique of a single factor, we try to determine the differences in household spending between the different socioeconomic deciles. For the selection of foods of low nutritional quality, the criteria proposed by Darmon and Drewnosky (2008), and the energy contribution of foods by Ledwike et al (2006) were used. Results: Significant differences were found that show that households with low deciles spend more on ABCN than high deciles. Sonora has a high consumption of foods such as cookies and snacks. While spending on soft drinks is homogeneous in all socioeconomic deciles. Limitations: The ENIGH only allows the study of spending on energy products; it does not allow conclusions to be drawn on how many kilocalories the population consumes. Conclusions: Spending on food of low nutritional quality is significant among low-income households and is consistent with the results found by Darmon and Drewnosky in other European countries.Objetivo: comparar el gasto en alimentos de baja calidad nutricional (ABCN), de los hogares de Sonora y a nivel nacional de acuerdo con su decil de ingreso. Metodología: con base en la llamada Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares (ENIGH 2016-2018) y mediante la técnica estadística ANOVA de un solo factor, se busca determinar las diferencias del gasto de los hogares entre los distintos deciles socioeconómicos. Para la selección de alimentos de baja calidad nutricional se utilizaron los criterios propuestos por Darmon y Drewnosky (2008), y el aporte energético de los alimentos de Ledwike et al (2006). Resultados: se encontraron diferencias significativas que muestran que los hogares con deciles bajos gastan más en ABCN que los deciles altos. Sonora tiene un consumo alto en alimentos como galletas y botanas. En tanto el gasto en refrescos es homogéneo en todos los deciles socioeconómicos. Limitaciones: la ENIGH solo permite estudiar el gasto en productos energéticos, no permite establecer conclusiones sobre cuantas kilocalorías consume la población. Conclusiones: el gasto en alimentos de baja calidad nutricional es significativo entre los hogares de bajos ingresos y se adecua a los resultados encontrados por Darmon y Drewnosky en otros países europeos

Proyectos de inversión como estrategia para la expansión de las PyMES en la industria manufacturera

Seminario: Proyecciones financieras, su actualización y análisi

Compilación de Proyectos de Investigación desde el año 2003 al 2012

Listado de Proyectos de investigación de UPIICSA desde 2003 a 201

Subcutaneous anti-COVID-19 hyperimmune immunoglobulin for prevention of disease in asymptomatic individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trialResearch in context

Summary: Background: Anti-COVID-19 hyperimmune immunoglobulin (hIG) can provide standardized and controlled antibody content. Data from controlled clinical trials using hIG for the prevention or treatment of COVID-19 outpatients have not been reported. We assessed the safety and efficacy of subcutaneous anti-COVID-19 hyperimmune immunoglobulin 20% (C19-IG20%) compared to placebo in preventing development of symptomatic COVID-19 in asymptomatic individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: We did a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, in asymptomatic unvaccinated adults (≥18 years of age) with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection within 5 days between April 28 and December 27, 2021. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive a blinded subcutaneous infusion of 10 mL with 1 g or 2 g of C19-IG20%, or an equivalent volume of saline as placebo. The primary endpoint was the proportion of participants who remained asymptomatic through day 14 after infusion. Secondary endpoints included the proportion of individuals who required oxygen supplementation, any medically attended visit, hospitalisation, or ICU, and viral load reduction and viral clearance in nasopharyngeal swabs. Safety was assessed as the proportion of patients with adverse events. The trial was terminated early due to a lack of potential benefit in the target population in a planned interim analysis conducted in December 2021. ClinicalTrials.gov registry: NCT04847141. Findings: 461 individuals (mean age 39.6 years [SD 12.8]) were randomized and received the intervention within a mean of 3.1 (SD 1.27) days from a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. In the prespecified modified intention-to-treat analysis that included only participants who received a subcutaneous infusion, the primary outcome occurred in 59.9% (91/152) of participants receiving 1 g C19-IG20%, 64.7% (99/153) receiving 2 g, and 63.5% (99/156) receiving placebo (difference in proportions 1 g C19-IG20% vs. placebo, −3.6%; 95% CI -14.6% to 7.3%, p = 0.53; 2 g C19-IG20% vs placebo, 1.1%; −9.6% to 11.9%, p = 0.85). None of the secondary clinical efficacy endpoints or virological endpoints were significantly different between study groups. Adverse event rate was similar between groups, and no severe or life-threatening adverse events related to investigational product infusion were reported. Interpretation: Our findings suggested that administration of subcutaneous human hyperimmune immunoglobulin C19-IG20% to asymptomatic individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection was safe but did not prevent development of symptomatic COVID-19. Funding: Grifols

Contemporary use of cefazolin for MSSA infective endocarditis: analysis of a national prospective cohort

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the real use of cefazolin for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infective endocarditis (IE) in the Spanish National Endocarditis Database (GAMES) and to compare it with antistaphylococcal penicillin (ASP). Methods: Prospective cohort study with retrospective analysis of a cohort of MSSA IE treated with cloxacillin and/or cefazolin. Outcomes assessed were relapse; intra-hospital, overall, and endocarditis-related mortality; and adverse events. Risk of renal toxicity with each treatment was evaluated separately. Results: We included 631 IE episodes caused by MSSA treated with cloxacillin and/or cefazolin. Antibiotic treatment was cloxacillin, cefazolin, or both in 537 (85%), 57 (9%), and 37 (6%) episodes, respectively. Patients treated with cefazolin had significantly higher rates of comorbidities (median Charlson Index 7, P <0.01) and previous renal failure (57.9%, P <0.01). Patients treated with cloxacillin presented higher rates of septic shock (25%, P = 0.033) and new-onset or worsening renal failure (47.3%, P = 0.024) with significantly higher rates of in-hospital mortality (38.5%, P = 0.017). One-year IE-related mortality and rate of relapses were similar between treatment groups. None of the treatments were identified as risk or protective factors. Conclusion: Our results suggest that cefazolin is a valuable option for the treatment of MSSA IE, without differences in 1-year mortality or relapses compared with cloxacillin, and might be considered equally effective

Elliptic flow of electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays at mid-rapidity in Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN = 2.76 TeV

The elliptic flow of electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays at mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.7) is measured in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√=2.76 TeV with ALICE at the LHC. The particle azimuthal distribution with respect to the reaction plane can be parametrized with a Fourier expansion, where the second coefficient (v2) represents the elliptic flow. The v2 coefficient of inclusive electrons is measured in three centrality classes (0-10%, 10-20% and 20-40%) with the event plane and the scalar product methods in the transverse momentum (pT) intervals 0.5-13 GeV/c and 0.5-8 GeV/c, respectively. After subtracting the background, mainly from photon conversions and Dalitz decays of neutral mesons, a positive v2 of electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays is observed in all centrality classes, with a maximum significance of 5.9σ in the interval 2< pT < 2.5 GeV/c in semi-central collisions (20-40%). The value of v2 decreases towards more central collisions at low and intermediate pT (0.5 < pT < 3 GeV/c). The v2 of electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays at mid-rapidity is found to be similar to the one of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays at forward rapidity (2.5 < y < 4). The results are described within uncertainties by model calculations including substantial elastic interactions of heavy quarks with an expanding strongly-interacting medium

Measurement of electrons from beauty-hadron decays in p–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV and Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN = 2.76 TeV

The production of beauty hadrons was measured via semi-leptonic decays at mid-rapidity with the ALICE detector at the LHC in the transverse momentum interval 1<pT<8 GeV/c in minimum-bias p-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√=5.02 TeV and in 1.3<pT<8 GeV/c in the 20% most central Pb-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√=2.76 TeV. The pp reference spectra at s√=5.02 TeV and s√=2.76 TeV, needed for the calculation of the nuclear modification factors RpPb and RPbPb, were obtained by a pQCD-driven scaling of the cross section of electrons from beauty-hadron decays measured at s√=7 TeV. In the pT interval 3<pT<8 GeV/c a suppression of the yield of electrons from beauty-hadron decays is observed in Pb-Pb compared to pp collisions. Towards lower pT, the RPbPb values increase with large systematic uncertainties. The RpPb is consistent with unity within systematic uncertainties and is well described by theoretical calculations that include cold nuclear matter effects in p-Pb collisions. The measured RpPb and these calculations indicate that cold nuclear matter effects are small at high transverse momentum also in Pb-Pb collisions. Therefore, the observed reduction of RPbPb below unity at high pT may be ascribed to an effect of the hot and dense medium formed in Pb-Pb collisions