El juego como recurso para desarrollar el aprendizaje coeducativo

Con este trabajo de fin de grado pretendemos analizar los juegos más populares en los niños y en las niñas a la hora de jugar con sus amigos y amigas. De este modo podemos identificar los estereotipos que hoy día siguen existiendo en el ámbito educativo debido a la sociedad patriarcal. Por ello, la necesidad de implantar un sistema coeducativo en las aulas de los centros, erradicando dichos estereotipos y fomentando una igualdad entre sexos. A raíz de esto, en este trabajo se plantea una propuesta de intervención coeducativa para 5º de Educación Primaria, la cual será llevada a cabo en dos centros públicos de la provincia de Sevilla, a través de la técnica del cuestionario abierto antes y después de realizar la propuesta para observar la efectividad de dicha intervención. Para concluir, a pesar de obtener en los resultados una evolución favorable por parte del alumnado, es fundamental seguir introduciendo la coeducación en la escuela puesto que es una meta que requiere tiempo y debe comenzar desde el profesorado, quienes deben permanecer en continua formación abordando dicho tema.With this end of degree project we intend to analyze the most popular games for children when it comes to playing with their friends. This was we can identify the stereotypes that still exist today in the educational field because of a patriarchal society. Therefore, we have a need to implant a coeducational system in the classrooms, removing said stereotypes and inducing equality between sexes. Starting with the above, this project is a proposal for a coeducational intervention in year 5, which will be carried out in two public schools in the province of Seville, using the technique of an open questionnaire before and after making the suggestion to observe the reality of such action. To conclude, despite obtaining a positive evolution by the students in the results, it is fundamental to continue introducing coeducation in the schools, since it is a goal that requires time and must begin with the teachers, who should remain in continuous training in this subject.Universidad de Sevilla. Grado de Educación Primari

Un acercamiento a las capillas de indios en San Miguel de Allende, Guanajuato, como aporte al turismo rural

A lo largo de la historia de México las construcciones religiosas se han convertido no solo en evidencia de la vida de los mexicanos que habitaron en épocas anteriores, sino también en testigos de los acontecimientos trascendentales que han marcado la vida del país. Las capillas corresponden a dichas construcciones eclesiásticas, que, sin tener la estructura ostentosa y las dimensiones de un templo, sí poseen funciones importantes para las personas católicas. En San Miguel de Allende en el estado de Guanajuato, México, durante la conquista y época virreinal, los antiguos habitantes de la región fusionaron sus creencias y deidades con el cristianismo, siendo las hoy conocidas capillas de indios o capillas virreinales testigos de la fusión entre ambas culturas. Las capillas de indios son construcciones pequeñas y primitivas erigidas por los antiguos pobladores, las cuales eran autorizadas mediante cédulas reales y a petición de los indios prominentes: caciques y conquistadores (Rodríguez, 2017), en las que se puede observar la expresión del catolicismo y el sincretismo con las deidades de los pobladores. Actualmente, muy pocas de estas están en pie. Sin embargo, aún se encuentran en buen estado y conservan en su interior imágenes religiosas, cruces de manufactura indígena y elementos esenciales del proceso de evangelización, motivo por el cual han llamado la atención de habitantes y turistas, así como de la propia Secretaría de Turismo para hacer de estas un atractivo turístico, sin tener aún un recorrido consolidado. Derivado de lo anterior, la finalidad del presente documento es conocer la importancia de las capillas de indios no sólo para los sanmiguelenses sino en general, para la cultura de los mexicanos. Con ello, se sientan las bases para nuevas investigaciones y el desarrollo de proyectos turísticos, particularmente de turismo rural.Throughout Mexican history, religious structures not only stand as tangible remnants of the lives of earlier inhabitants but also bear witness to transcendent events that have shaped the nation. Among these ecclesiastical constructions, chapels hold particular significance. While lacking the grandiosity of a temple, chapels play crucial roles in the Catholic faith. In San Miguel de Allende, Guanajuato, during the conquest and the viceregal era, the indigenous population intertwined their beliefs and deities with Christianity. The chapels, known today as Indian chapels or viceregal chapels, witness this gradual process of acculturation. Authorized by royal certificates at the behest of prominent Indians, such as chiefs and conquerors (Rodríguez, 2017), Indian chapels are small, primitive structures erected by ancient settlers. These chapels embody the expression of Catholicism and syncretism with indigenous deities. While only a few of them remain standing, they are remarkably well-preserved, housing religious images, indigenous-made crosses, and essential elements of the evangelization process. Consequently, these chapels have captured the attention of both locals and tourists, prompting the Ministry of Tourism to consider them as potential attractions. However, a consolidated route is yet to be established. This document aims to explore Indian chapels, shedding light on their significance and identifying potential tourist appeal as part of rural tourism activities in San Miguel de Allende, Guanajuato.Fil: Esquivel Ríos, Rocío. Universidad Tecnológica de San Miguel de Allende; México.Fil: Martínez Sánchez, Araceli. Universidad Tecnológica de San Miguel de Allende; México

Using Desalination to Improve Agricultural Yields: Success Cases in Mexico

Water scarcity is a global problem, motivating growth and development of new technologies for water treatment, reuse and desalination. For many arid regions in Mexico, especially in the northwest, agriculture is an important economic activity. The Yaqui Valley in Sonora, Mexico, faces problems related to aquifer overexploitation and saline intrusion, which have increased salt concentration in well water to 2000–9000 mg/L total dissolved solids (TDS) and led to soil salinization and low crop yields. This work evaluates the effect of TDS in irrigation water on crop yield. A 150 m3/d desalination plant was used, consisting of 12 SWC4B-MAX membrane modules, with 98% rejection and 75% recovery. Two crops were irrigated with control (4000 mg/L) and desalinated water (200 mg/L). Sorghum (Sorghum) had yields of 7.9 and 8.8 ton/ha, whereas tomatillo (Physalis philadelphica) had yields of 30.82 and 35.88 ton/ha, respectively. Evidently, the desalination process influences agricultural yields

Effective antimicrobial activity of ZnO and Yb-doped ZnO nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

Nanostructured Zn1-xYbxO (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1) powders were prepared by the solution method using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and sucrose. The effect of the ytterbium doping content on the structural, morphological, optical and antimicrobial properties was analyzed. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the hexagonal wurtzite structure was retained, and no secondary phases due to doping were observed. The crystallite size was under 20nm for all the Zn1-xYbxO (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1) powders. The optical band gap was calculated, and the results revealed that this value increased with the ytterbium content, and the Eg values varied from 3.06 to 3.10 eV. The surface chemistry of the powders was analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the results confirmed the oxidation state of ytterbium as 3+ for all the samples. Zn1-xYbxO (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1) nanoparticles were tested as antimicrobial agents against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, resulting in a potential antimicrobial effect at most of the tested concentrations. These results were used in an artificial neural network (ANN). The results showed that it is possible to generate a model capable of forecasting the absorbance with good precision (error of 1–2%)

Democratic quality and excess mortality during the COVID‑19 pandemic

The aim of this study is to analyse the relationship between democratic quality and excess mortality produced in the year 2020 before COVID-19 vaccinations were generalised. Using cross-sectional data from 80 countries on five continents, multiple linear regression models between excess mortality, the general democracy index and its disaggregation into five categories: electoral process and pluralism, government functioning, political participation, political culture and civil liberties were estimated. The analysis also considered, public health spending per capita, overweight inhabitants, the average temperature of the country, population over 65 years of age, The KOF Globalisation Index, and the Gross National Income per capita as control variables. It was possible to establish a strong inverse association between excess mortality per million inhabitants and the general democracy index and four of its five categories. There was a particularly strong relationship between excess mortality and the political culture dimension (−326.50, p < 0.001). The results suggest that the higher the democratic quality of the political institutions of a State and particularly of their political culture the more improved the response and management of the pandemic was in preventing deaths and protecting their citizens more effectively. Conversely, countries with lower democracy index values have higher excess mortality. Quality democratic political institutions provide more effective public health policies in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic.Unit of Excellence in Inequality, Human Rights, and Sustainability of the University of Granada (DEHUSO

Adoção de inovações e fatores associados em empresas familiares agrícolas no México

The literature points out that innovation is based on knowledge, to promote changes that generate greater benefits in companies. In this paper, the level of adoption of innovations and the factors associated with innovation are analyzed in 94 Mexican agricultural and industrial family businesses, which participated in a training focused on technical, administrative, organizational and family aspects. 63% of these companies were surveyed, and the information, through indicators of innovation, comparison of averages, and correlations, was analyzed. The results showed significant impacts in the adoption of innovations in the four aspects; in addition, it was found that the education, the years in the activity, and the number of relatives involved in the company are associated with higher levels of innovation.La literatura señala que la innovación tiene como base el conocimiento, para promover cambios que generen mayores beneficios en las empresas. En este trabajo, se analiza el nivel de adopción de innovaciones y los factores asociados en 94 empresas familiares agropecuarias y agroindustriales mexicanas, participantes en una capacitación enfocada en aspectos técnicos, administrativos, organizacionales y familiares. Se encuestó al 63% de estas empresas y se analizó la información a través de indicadores de innovación, comparación de medias y correlaciones. Los resultados mostraron impactos significativos en la adopción de innovaciones en los cuatro aspectos; además, se encontró que la escolaridad, los años en la actividad y el número de familiares involucrados en la empresa se asocian con mayores niveles de innovación.A literatura indica que a inovação é baseada no conhecimento, para promover mudanças que geram maiores benefícios nas empresas. Neste trabalho, analisa-se o nível de adoção de inovações e os fatores associados em 94 empresas familiares agrícolas e industriais mexicanas, participantes de um treinamento focado nos aspectos técnicos, administrativos, organizacionais e familiares. 63% dessas empresas foram pesquisadas e analisou-se a informação por meio de indicadores de inovação, comparação de médias e correlações. Os resultados mostraram impactos significativos na adoção de inovações nos quatro aspectos; além disso, verificou-se que a escolaridade, os anos de atividade e o número de familiares envolvidos na empresa estão associados a níveis mais altos de inovação

Early intervention in autism spectrum disorders (ASD)

En el presente artículo abordamos la intervención temprana en niñas y niños de 0 a 6 años con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA). A pesar de que la atención temprana es una disciplina bastante reciente, actualmente hay algunas evidencias sobre cómo trabajar y qué principios deben guiar dicha intervención. En nuestro caso nos centraremos en los principios que deben guiar la atención temprana a la hora de intervenir con niños y niñas con rasgos del trastorno de espectro autista. Es innegable la importancia que tiene la detección precoz de cualquier trastorno del desarrollo –y por ende del TEA– para la intervención temprana con los menores y sus familias. Una intervención temprana constituye un importante predictor en la recuperación funcional de estos menores, lo cual, unido a la creciente incidencia y prevalencia de estos trastornos, hace de nuestro objeto de estudio un tema creciente de gran interés científico y teórico.In this paper we will address early intervention in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in ages ranging from birth to six years old. Early intervention is a very recent matter, but today we have some evi¬dences about how to deal with it and the principles that must guide early intervention in children with au¬tism spectrum disorders. The importance of early detection is undeniable in all developmental disorders in children with ASD as well, for an early intervention with children and their families. An early intervention is a very important predictor of functional recovery. Along with the growing incidence and prevalence of this kind of disorders, this makes our field of study a matter of increasing scientific and theoretical interest

Variation in perceived health across gender, working status, educational level, and regional health care expenditure in Spain (2014–2017)

A gender perspective was used to analyze whether and how education, unemployment, and per capita public health expenditure were associated with perceived health among the Spanish population between the years 2014 and 2017. Using multilevel methodologies (looking at year, individual, and region) and linear and logistic specifications, we analyzed longitudinal microdata files from the Survey on Living Conditions. The results suggest that women with lower educational levels tend to report worse health than their more educated counterparts. On the other hand, women’s bad health was not associated with unemployment, unlike men’s. Regional per capita public health expenditure was not associated with perceived health in either men or womenthe Health Department of the Regional Andalusian Government (2017–2019) under Grant PI-0457-2016

Respuesta autoinmune en pacientes con enfermedades genéticas y desregulación del sistema inmune

Introducción: se han identificado diversas enfermedades genéticas donde se describen trastornos inmunológicos. Por otra parte las enfermedades autoinmunes son de origen multifactorial y se ha demostrado que factores genéticos como el complejo principal de histocompatibilidad predisponen a la autoinmunidad. Objetivo: describir alteraciones de la respuesta autoinmune en pacientes con defectos genéticos y desregulación del sistema inmune. Materiales y Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo. La muestra estuvo constituida por 20 pacientes con enfermedades genéticas y desregulación del Sistema inmune procedentes de la consulta de Genética Médica del Hospital Juan Manuel Márquez, con una distribución por sexo de 11 pacientes femeninos (55%) y 9 masculinos (45%). El rango de edades fue de 6 meses a 21 años para un promedio de 6,9 años. Los parámetros de autoinmunidad evaluados fueron: Factor reumatoideo y Anticuerpos contra el ADN de doble cadena, determinados mediante ensayos inmunoenzimáticos. Inmunocomplejos circulantes determinados por el método de precipitación y Anticuerpos antinucleares determinados por inmunofluorescencia indirecta. Resultados y Discusión: en la evaluación de la respuesta autoinmune la mayor positividad se obtuvo en la determinación de Inmunocomplejos circulantes (40 %) y Factor reumatoideo (40 %), lo cual puede corresponder a una hiperrespuesta del sistema inmune como consecuencia de las infecciones recurrentes que presentaron los pacientes. El 4% de los pacientes presentó Anticuerpos antinucleares. Los Anticuerpos contra el ADN, obtenidos en 35% de los pacientes, pueden producirse en condiciones clínicas diferentes y como respuesta inmunológica no patológicas. Conclusiones: en la investigación se evidenció que en pacientes con enfermedades genéticas y desregulación del sistema inmune es frecuente encontrar parámetros autoinmunes alterados