Minimally invasive tumor bed implant (MITBI) and peri-operative high-dose-rate brachytherapy (PHDRBT) for accelerated minimal breast irradiation (AMBI) or anticipated boost (A-PHDRBT-boost) in breast-conserving surgery for ductal carcinoma in situ

Purpose: To evaluate our institutional experience of minimally invasive tumor bed implantation (MITBI) during breast-conserving surgery (BCS) for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to deliver peri-operative high-dose-rate brachytherapy (PHDRBT) as accelerated minimal breast irradiation (AMBI) or anticipated boost (A-PHDRBT-boost). Material and methods: Patients older than 40, with clinical and radiological unifocal DCIS < 3 cm were considered potential candidates for accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) and were implanted during BCS using MITBItechnique. Patients who in final pathology reports showed free margins and no other microscopic tumor foci, received AMBI with PHDRBT (3.4 Gy BID in 5 days). Patients with adverse features received A-PHDRBT-boost with post-operative external beam radiotherapy (EBRT). Results: Forty-one patients were implanted, and 36 were treated and analyzed. According to final pathology, 24 (67%) patients were suitable for AMBI and 12 (33%) were qualified for A-PHDRBT-boost. Reoperation rate for those with clear margins was 16.6% (6/36); this rate increased to 33% (4/12) for G3 histology, and 66% (4/6) were rescued using AMBI. Early complications were documented in 5 patients (14%). With a median follow-up of 97 (range, 42-138) months, 5-year rates of local, elsewhere, locoregional, and distant control were all 97.2%. 5-year ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence rates (IBTR) were 5.6% (2/36), 8.3% (2/24) for AMBI, and 0% (0/12) for A-PHDRBT-boost patients. Both instances of IBTR were confirmed G3 tumors in pre-operative biopsies; no IBTR was documented in G1-2 tumors. Cosmetic outcomes were excellent/good in 96% of AMBI vs. 67% in A-PHDRBT-boost (p = 0.034). Conclusions: The MITBI-PHDRBT program allows selection of patients with excellent prognoses (G1-2 DCIS with negative margins and no multifocality), for whom AMBI could be a good alternative with low recurrence rate, decrease of unnecessary radiation, treatment logistics improvement, and over-treatment reduction. Patients whose pre-operative biopsy showed G3 tumor, presents with inferior local control and more risk of reoperation due to positive margins

Liver regeneration - The best kept secret: A model of tissue injury response

Liver regeneration (LR) is one of the most amazing tissue injury response. Given its therapeutic significance has been deeply studied in the last decades. LR is an extraordinary complex process, strictly regulated, which accomplishes the characteristics of the most evolutionary biologic systems (robustness) and explains the difficulties of reshaping it with therapeutic goals. TH reproduces the physiological tissue damage response pattern, with a first phase of priming of the hepatocytes -cell-cycle transition G0-G1-, and a second phase of proliferation -cell-cycle S/M phases- which ends with the liver mass recovering. This process has been related with the tissue injury response regulators as: complement system, platelets, inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6), growth factors (HGF, EGF, VGF) and anti-inflammatory factors (IL-10, TGF-β). Given its complexity and strict regulation, illustrates the unique alternative to liver failure is liver transplantation. The recent induced pluripotential cells (iPS) description and the mesenchymal stem cell (CD133+) plastic capability have aroused new prospects in the cellular therapy field. Those works have assured the cooperation between mesenchymal and epithelial cells. Herein, we review the physiologic mechanisms of liver regeneration

Estado actual de la cirugía laparoscópica esofágica

La cirugía laparoscópica ha cambiado el abordaje terapéutico de las enfermedades esofágicas más frecuentes. Con los excelentes resultados en el control de síntomas y con la baja morbilidad asociada el tratamiento quirúrgico se indica cada vez más en la patología esofágica benigna como una alternativa superior a un tratamiento médico crónico y menos eficaz. Para la hernia de hiato y el reflujo gastroesofágico la funduplicatura de Nissen por laparoscopia es la técnica de elección. Los mejores resultados en el tratamiento de la acalasia se consiguen con la miotomia de Heller laparoscópica. Esta experiencia creciente incluye la resección de tumores de esófago combinando toracoscopia y laparoscopia con resultados similares a los de cirugía abierta

Laboratory-based surveillance of streptococcus pneumoniae invasive disease in children in 10 latin American countries: A SIREVA II project, 2000-2005

Durante los últimos 14 años la Organización Panamericana de la Salud ha estado promoviendo la vigilancia de la enfermedad neumocócica invasiva en niños latinoamericanos para comprender mejor las tendencias de la enfermedad en cuanto a la circulación de tipos capsulares en cada país y la susceptibilidad a los antimicrobianos. Métodos: Se analizaron los datos de vigilancia de laboratorio de 10 países latinoamericanos recopilados entre 2000 y 2005, incluida la distribución de serotipos y la susceptibilidad a los antibióticos betalactámicos. Resultados: Aunque se identificaron 61 tipos capsulares diferentes durante la vigilancia de 6 años, 13 serotipos representaron el 86% de todos los aislamientos. Estos fueron consistentemente los más prevalentes durante todo el período de estudio con predominio del serotipo 14. Se detectó una disminución de la susceptibilidad a la penicilina en el 38% de todos los aislados de Streptococcus pneumoniae, con mayor prevalencia en República Dominicana y México. La menor susceptibilidad a la penicilina aumentó en Brasil y Colombia, mientras que en Chile se registró una disminución de las tasas de alta resistencia. Conclusiones: Estos datos indican que 10 países de la Región continúan teniendo vigilancia de laboratorio de alta calidad para la enfermedad neumocócica generando información valiosa para que los tomadores de decisiones en salud puedan priorizar las intervenciones. La vacuna heptavalente cubrirá potencialmente del 52,4% al 76,5% de las cepas que causan la enfermedad neumocócica invasiva y la 13 valente del 76,7% al 88,3%. Copyright © 2009 de Lippincott Williams y Wilkins. Estos datos indican que 10 países de la Región continúan teniendo vigilancia de laboratorio de alta calidad para la enfermedad neumocócica generando así información valiosa para que los tomadores de decisiones en salud puedan priorizar las intervenciones. La vacuna heptavalente cubrirá potencialmente del 52,4% al 76,5% de las cepas que causan la enfermedad neumocócica invasiva y la 13 valente del 76,7% al 88,3%. Copyright © 2009 de Lippincott Williams y Wilkins. Estos datos indican que 10 países de la Región continúan teniendo vigilancia de laboratorio de alta calidad para la enfermedad neumocócica generando así información valiosa para que los tomadores de decisiones en salud puedan priorizar las intervenciones. La vacuna heptavalente cubrirá potencialmente del 52,4% al 76,5% de las cepas que causan la enfermedad neumocócica invasiva y la 13 valente del 76,7% al 88,3%.For the last 14 years the Pan American Health Organization has been promoting surveillance of invasive pneumococcal disease in Latin American children for better understanding of the disease tendencies regarding capsular types circulation in each country and susceptibility to antimicrobials. Methods: Laboratory-based surveillance data from 10 Latin American countries collected from 2000 to 2005 were analyzed, including serotype distribution and susceptibility to beta-lactam antibiotics. Results: Although 61 different capsular types were identified during the 6-year surveillance, 13 serotypes accounted for 86% of all isolates. These were consistently the most prevalent throughout the study period with serotype 14 predominating. Diminished susceptibility to penicillin was detected in 38% of all Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates, with the highest prevalence in Dominican Republic and Mexico. Decreased susceptibility to penicillin increased in Brazil and Colombia whereas decreased high resistance rates was recorded in Chile. Conclusions: These data indicate that 10 countries of the Region continue to have high quality laboratory-based surveillance for pneumococcal disease thus generating valuable information so that healthcare decision makers may prioritize interventions. The heptavalent vaccine will potentially cover from 52.4% to 76.5% of strains causing invasive pneumococcal disease and the 13 valent from 76.7% to 88.3%

Manual de soporte vital avanzado en urgencias prehospitalarias: normas de actuación

O Manual de soporte vital avanzado en urgencias prehospitalarias adapta os procedementos e técnicas de actuación ás urxencias prehospitalarias ás últimas recomendacións en resucitación cardiopulmonar aprobadas polo International Liaison Commitee on Resuscitation en outubro do ano 2010.El Manual de soporte vital avanzado en urgencias prehospitalarias adapta los procedimientos y técnicas de actuación a las urgencias prehospitalarias a las últimas recomendaciones en resucitación cardiopulmonar aprobadas por el International Liaison Commitee on Resuscitation en octubre del año 2010