Dilemas de la paz territorial en los tiempos del post-acuerdo: Experiencias territoriales en la región del eje cafetero

El presente libro, tejido a múltiples voces, perspectivas, abordajes teóricos y metodológicos, se inscribe en los proyectos editoriales de la región eje cafetero que se alejan de las lecturas dicotómicas o categóricas, por el contrario, transita los laberintos que se abren camino cuando una sociedad se traza la difícil tarea de construir una paz territorial en medio de los escenarios de la guerra. La memoria social, las voces de sobrevivientes, organizaciones sociales, medios de comunicación, posturas oficiales y cívicas, las apuestas pedagógicas por la paz, las lecturas territoriales del conflicto y las múltiples secuelas de las variadas violencias constituyen los horizontes temáticos de los 12 capítulos del presente libro, interpretando las complejas realidades presentes en el corazón de la región cafetera. Resultado de multiplicidad de voces, formaciones disciplinares y experiencias vitales, así como de la diversidad de organizaciones, entidades y universidades que acogieron el llamado del ¨Programa de Investigación en Transiciones, Violencias y Memoria¨ para construir una apuesta editorial recreada en los marcos de la sociología relacional, las cuales, a partir de perspectivas históricas, críticas y situadas, adelantaron análisis situados en la región cafetera en los tiempos del postacuerdo.Ruta Pacífica de las Mujeres ; Sistema Universitario del Eje Cafetero ; Universidad Católica de Manizales ; Universidad Católica de Pereira ; Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones, Innovación y Extensión Editorial Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira Pereira, Colombia.CONTENIDO Prólogo ....................................................................................................................6 Jefferson Jaramillo Marín Encrucijadas de una paz inacabada. A manera de introducción.....................12 Por: Luis Adolfo Martínez Herrera y Oscar Arango Gaviria PARTE I................................................................................................................20 Las tensiones de la memoria histórica y de los medios de comunicación en el contexto regional ..................................................................................................20 CAPÍTULO UNO.................................................................................................21 La memoria histórica en la región......................................................................22 Alberto Berón Ospina CAPÍTULO DOS .................................................................................................38 La mutación del periodismo en tiempos transicionales....................................39 Juan Antonio Ruiz Romero PARTE II..............................................................................................................73 Excombatientes, reintegrados y sobrevivientes del conflicto armado..............73 CAPÍTULO TRES...............................................................................................74 Una guerra silenciada: enunciaciones iniciales sobre los actores ...................75 y las dinámicas del conflicto armado en el Eje Cafetero ..................................75 Oscar Fernando Martínez Herrera y Miguel Gómez Bermeo CAPÍTULO CUATRO .....................................................................................106 Experiencia institucional de la Agencia para la Reincorporación y la Normalización en la atención de personas que se acogen a procesos de desarme, desmovilización, reintegración y reincorporación en el Eje Cafetero: 2003- 2020 .....................................................................................................................107 José Luis Medrano Benavides, Lina Marcela Duque Ossa, Oscar Fernando Sanmiguel CAPÍTULO CINCO..........................................................................................137 Entre víctimas y victimarios. Percepciones sociales de sobrevivientes del conflicto armado ................................................................................................................138 Luis Adolfo Martínez Herrera y Nicolás Muñoz Giraldo CAPÍTULO SEIS...............................................................................................173 Transición y reincorporación desde el Jimmy Tatamá: entre retórica y territorialidad.....................................................................................................174 Julio César Murillo García PARTE III...........................................................................................................197 Organizaciones sociales, historias y pedagogías regionales para la paz .......197 CAPÍTULO SIETE............................................................................................198 La Unión Patriótica: notas históricas sobre su acción política en el departamento de Risaralda, marzo 28 de 1984 - enero 6 de 1989 ..........................................199 Jahir Rodríguez Rodriguez CAPÍTULO OCHO ...........................................................................................250 Quinchía: memoria latente de un pueblo ultrajado. Reflexiones sobre la reparación simbólica..........................................................................................251 Gina M. Arias-Rodríguez y Érika V. Tobón-González CAPÍTULO NUEVE .........................................................................................279 La escuela de liderazgo para la paz: seis años al servicio dela educación para la paz ...................................................................................................................280 Oscar Arango Gaviria CAPÍTULO DIEZ..............................................................................................313 Una experiencia de formación para la paz ......................................................314 Claudia Mónica Londoño V. y Claudia Patricia Herrera G.. ........................314 PARTE IV...........................................................................................................338 Secuelas del conflicto armado y redefiniciones de las nociones de memoria y transiciones..........................................................................................................338 CAPÍTULO ONCE............................................................................................339 Comprensiones psicosociales sobre la desaparición forzada en Colombia...340 Mitzin Guadalupe Mata Mata y Mauricio Orozco Vallejo CAPÍTULO DOCE............................................................................................362 Narrativas, obsolescencias y hegemonías.........................................................363 Camilo Lozano River

Trabajos de investigación en óptica visual y tecnología del color en el CD6

Postprint (author's final draft

Options. Journal of the UNAB Financial Engineering Program. Volume 4 No. 7 June 2010

Las opiniones contenidas en los artículos de esta revista no vinculan a la institución sino que son de exclusiva responsabilidad de los autores, dentro de los principios democráticos de cátedra libre y libertad de expresión, consagrados en el artículo 3° del Estatuto General de la Corporación Autónoma de Bucaramanga. El material de esta publicación puede ser reproducido sín autorización, siempre y cuando se mencione su procedencia y el Programa de Ingeniería Financiera de la UNAB reciba un ejemplar de su publicación.Editorial. - 5 Los mercados de energía eléctrica en América Latina y Europa. - 7 Perfil del emprendedor en Bucaramanga. - 19 CRM o el camino a la calidad del servicio. - 30 Importancia del XBRL. - 37 Diseño y evaluación financiera de la creación de un centro de maquinaria agrícola para los cultivadores de tabaco del Huila y su impacto en la estructura de costos del cultivo. 41 Importancia de la intervención del estado colombiano en el sistema financiero. - 50 Análisis y valoración del riesgo de precio de energía eléctrica en Colombia. - 55The opinions contained in the articles of this magazine do not bind the institution but are exclusive responsibility of the authors, within the democratic principles of free teaching and freedom of expression, enshrined in article 3 of the General Statute of the Autonomous Corporation of Bucaramanga. The material in this publication may be reproduced without authorization, as long as its origin and the Financial Engineering Program of UNAB receives a copy of your publication

The evolution of the ventilatory ratio is a prognostic factor in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 ARDS patients

Background: Mortality due to COVID-19 is high, especially in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. The purpose of the study is to investigate associations between mortality and variables measured during the first three days of mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID-19 intubated at ICU admission. Methods: Multicenter, observational, cohort study includes consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to 44 Spanish ICUs between February 25 and July 31, 2020, who required intubation at ICU admission and mechanical ventilation for more than three days. We collected demographic and clinical data prior to admission; information about clinical evolution at days 1 and 3 of mechanical ventilation; and outcomes. Results: Of the 2,095 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU, 1,118 (53.3%) were intubated at day 1 and remained under mechanical ventilation at day three. From days 1 to 3, PaO2/FiO2 increased from 115.6 [80.0-171.2] to 180.0 [135.4-227.9] mmHg and the ventilatory ratio from 1.73 [1.33-2.25] to 1.96 [1.61-2.40]. In-hospital mortality was 38.7%. A higher increase between ICU admission and day 3 in the ventilatory ratio (OR 1.04 [CI 1.01-1.07], p = 0.030) and creatinine levels (OR 1.05 [CI 1.01-1.09], p = 0.005) and a lower increase in platelet counts (OR 0.96 [CI 0.93-1.00], p = 0.037) were independently associated with a higher risk of death. No association between mortality and the PaO2/FiO2 variation was observed (OR 0.99 [CI 0.95 to 1.02], p = 0.47). Conclusions: Higher ventilatory ratio and its increase at day 3 is associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19 receiving mechanical ventilation at ICU admission. No association was found in the PaO2/FiO2 variation

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Evolving trends in the management of acute appendicitis during COVID-19 waves. The ACIE appy II study

Background: In 2020, ACIE Appy study showed that COVID-19 pandemic heavily affected the management of patients with acute appendicitis (AA) worldwide, with an increased rate of non-operative management (NOM) strategies and a trend toward open surgery due to concern of virus transmission by laparoscopy and controversial recommendations on this issue. The aim of this study was to survey again the same group of surgeons to assess if any difference in management attitudes of AA had occurred in the later stages of the outbreak. Methods: From August 15 to September 30, 2021, an online questionnaire was sent to all 709 participants of the ACIE Appy study. The questionnaire included questions on personal protective equipment (PPE), local policies and screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection, NOM, surgical approach and disease presentations in 2021. The results were compared with the results from the previous study. Results: A total of 476 answers were collected (response rate 67.1%). Screening policies were significatively improved with most patients screened regardless of symptoms (89.5% vs. 37.4%) with PCR and antigenic test as the preferred test (74.1% vs. 26.3%). More patients tested positive before surgery and commercial systems were the preferred ones to filter smoke plumes during laparoscopy. Laparoscopic appendicectomy was the first option in the treatment of AA, with a declined use of NOM. Conclusion: Management of AA has improved in the last waves of pandemic. Increased evidence regarding SARS-COV-2 infection along with a timely healthcare systems response has been translated into tailored attitudes and a better care for patients with AA worldwide

Infected pancreatic necrosis: outcomes and clinical predictors of mortality. A post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study

: The identification of high-risk patients in the early stages of infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is critical, because it could help the clinicians to adopt more effective management strategies. We conducted a post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study to assess the association between clinical risk factors and mortality among adult patients with IPN. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify prognostic factors of mortality. We identified 247 consecutive patients with IPN hospitalised between January 2019 and December 2020. History of uncontrolled arterial hypertension (p = 0.032; 95% CI 1.135-15.882; aOR 4.245), qSOFA (p = 0.005; 95% CI 1.359-5.879; aOR 2.828), renal failure (p = 0.022; 95% CI 1.138-5.442; aOR 2.489), and haemodynamic failure (p = 0.018; 95% CI 1.184-5.978; aOR 2.661), were identified as independent predictors of mortality in IPN patients. Cholangitis (p = 0.003; 95% CI 1.598-9.930; aOR 3.983), abdominal compartment syndrome (p = 0.032; 95% CI 1.090-6.967; aOR 2.735), and gastrointestinal/intra-abdominal bleeding (p = 0.009; 95% CI 1.286-5.712; aOR 2.710) were independently associated with the risk of mortality. Upfront open surgical necrosectomy was strongly associated with the risk of mortality (p < 0.001; 95% CI 1.912-7.442; aOR 3.772), whereas endoscopic drainage of pancreatic necrosis (p = 0.018; 95% CI 0.138-0.834; aOR 0.339) and enteral nutrition (p = 0.003; 95% CI 0.143-0.716; aOR 0.320) were found as protective factors. Organ failure, acute cholangitis, and upfront open surgical necrosectomy were the most significant predictors of mortality. Our study confirmed that, even in a subgroup of particularly ill patients such as those with IPN, upfront open surgery should be avoided as much as possible. Study protocol registered in ClinicalTrials.Gov (I.D. Number NCT04747990)

Proyecto, investigación e innovación en urbanismo, arquitectura y diseño industrial

Actas de congresoLas VII Jornadas de Investigación “Encuentro y Reflexión” y I Jornadas de Investigación de becarios y doctorandos. Proyecto, investigación e innovación en Urbanismo, Arquitectura y Diseño Industrial se centraron en cuatro ejes: el proyecto; la dimensión tecnológica y la gestión; la dimensión social y cultural y la enseñanza en Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño Industrial, sustentados en las líneas prioritarias de investigación definidas epistemológicamente en el Consejo Asesor de Ciencia y Tecnología de esta Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Con el objetivo de afianzar continuidad, formación y transferencia de métodos, metodología y recursos se incorporó becarios y doctorandos de los Institutos de investigación. La Comisión Honoraria la integraron las tres Secretarias de Investigación de la Facultad, arquitectas Marta Polo, quien fundó y María del Carmen Franchello y Nora Gutiérrez Crespo quienes continuaron la tradición de la buena práctica del debate en la cotidianeidad de la propia Facultad. Los textos que conforman las VII Jornadas son los avances y resultados de las investigaciones realizadas en el bienio 2016-2018.Fil: Novello, María Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño; ArgentinaFil: Repiso, Luciana. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño; ArgentinaFil: Mir, Guillermo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño; ArgentinaFil: Brizuela, Natalia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño; ArgentinaFil: Herrera, Fernanda. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño; ArgentinaFil: Períes, Lucas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño; ArgentinaFil: Romo, Claudia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño; ArgentinaFil: Gordillo, Natalia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño; ArgentinaFil: Andrade, Elena Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño; Argentin

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030