Convergent Strategy for the Regioselective Synthesis of Nonaggregated α-Triaryl-β-carboxy Zinc Phthalocyanines

This document is the unedited author's version of a Submitted Work that was subsequently accepted for publication in Organic Letters, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review. To access the final edited and published work, see http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ol503557cA new design of non-aggregated zinc(II) carboxyphthalocyanines with potential application in dye-sensitized solar cells has been developed. It is based on the introduction of bulky and rigid aryl groups at three α positions of the macrocycle. The synthesis has been carried out following a convergent route in which the bulky aryl groups are introduced by Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction on a preformed triiodophthalocyanine derivative. Two regioisomers of this α-triaryl-β-car-boxyphthalocyanine could be isolated by column chromatographyFinancial support is acknowledged from European Union within the FP7-ENERGY-2012-1 framework, GLOBALSOL project, Proposal No 309194-2 and from the Spanish MEC (CTQ2011- 24187/BQU) and MICINN (PRI-PIBUS-2011-1128

The Influence of Substituent Orientation on the Photovoltaic Performance of Phthalocyanine-Sensitized Solar Cells

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article:Chemistry - A European Journal 22.13 (2016): 4369-4373, which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201600166. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-ArchivingPhthalocyanines (Pcs) are used as sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) because of their stability and intense absorption in the red and near-IR regions. Impressive progress has been made in photovoltaic efficiencies by introduction of bulky peripheral substituents to help suppress macrocycle aggregation. To reach benchmark efficiencies reported for other related dyes, new designs need to be explored. Single carboxy-ZnPc regioisomers substituted at the non-peripheral positions by rigid aryl groups have now been studied, which has shed light on the influence of steric hindrance and/or orientation of the substituent around the anchoring group on the photovoltaic response. The regioisomer bearing the aryl group far away from the anchoring group produces a more effective sensitization of the TiO2 films and higher short-circuit photocurrent density (Jsc). Taking advantage of the good photovoltaic performance in the near-IR region of this ZnPc, it was combined with another appropriate dye for panchromatic sensitization of the mesoporous photoelectrode and an increase of the overall device efficiencyFinancial support from the European Union (FP7-ENERGY-2012- 1 framework, GLOBASOL project, Proposal No 309194-2), from the Spanish MINECO (CTQ2014-52869-P), Comunidad de Madrid (FOTOCARBON S2013/MIT-2841), and MECD (F.P.U. fellowship to L.T.) is gratefully acknowledge

Beyond the Altruistic Donor: Embedding Solidarity in Organ Procurement Policies

Altruism and solidarity are concepts that are closely related to organ donation for transplantation. On the one hand, they are typically used for encouraging people to donate. On the other hand, they also underpin the regulations in force in each country to different extents. They are often used indistinctly and equivocally, despite the different ethical implications of each concept. This paper aims to clarify to what extent we can speak of altruism and solidarity in the predominant models of organ donation. It also raises the ethical question of whether these categories are adequate as a basis for such models, bearing in mind that organs are a scarce resource and that a shortage of them may mean that fewer lives are saved or improved.INEDyTO [Investigation on the Ethics of Organ Donation and Transplantation]Spanish Government European Commission MINECO FFI2017-88913-P"Bioethics and end-of-life practices" (INEDyTOII) MINECO PID2020-118729RBSpanish Government FPU19/06027La Caixa Foundation LCF/BQ/DR20/1179000

Subphthalocyaninato boron(III) hydride: synthesis, structure and reactivity

Subphthalocyanine (SubPc) chemistry has been limited so far by their high sensitivity toward strong nucleophiles. In particular, the substitution of the axial chlorine atom by a nucleophilic group in the case of less-reactive SubPcs, such as those bearing electron-withdrawing peripheral substituents, presents some limitations and requires harsh conditions. By taking advantage of the electrophilic character of DIBAL-H, it has been possible to prepare for the first time SubPc-hydride derivatives that exhibit high reactivity as hydroboration reagents of aldehydes. This hydride transfer requires using a typical carbonyl activator (trimethylsilyl triflate) and only one equivalent of aldehyde, affording SubPcs with an axial benzyloxy group in good yield. This transformation has proven to be a useful alternative method for the axial functionalisation of dodecafluoroSubPc, a paradigmatic SubPc derivative, by using electrophiles for the first time. Considering the increasing interest in SubPcs as electron-acceptor semiconductors with remarkable absorption in the visible range to replace fullerene in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices, it is of the utmost importance to develop new synthetic methodologies for their axial functionalisationFinancial support from Spanish MINECO and MICINN (CTQ2017- 85393-P, PGC2018-094644-B-C21, PDI2019-110091GB-I00) is acknowledged. IMDEA Nanociencia acknowledges support from the “Severo Ochoa” Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D (MINECO, grant SEV2016-0686). J.L. and L.T. acknowledge MECD, Spain, for a F.P.U. fellowship. I.C. and L.M

Identification of amplified and highly expressed genes in amplicons of the T-cell line huT78 detected by cDNA microarray CGH

BACKGROUND: Conventional Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH) has been widely used for detecting copy number alterations in cancer and for identifying regions containing candidate tumor responsible genes. Recently, several studies have shown the utility of cDNA microarray CGH for studing gene copy changes in various types of tumors. However, no such studies on T-cell lymphomas have been performed. To date T-cell lymphomas analyzed by the use of chromosome CGH have revealed only slight copy number alterations and not gene amplifications. RESULTS: In the present study, we describe the characterization of three amplicons of the T-cell line huT78 located at 2q34-q37, 8q23-q24 and 20p, where new amplified and overexpressed genes are found. The use of a cDNA microarray containing 7.657 transcripts allowed the identification of certain genes, such as BCLX, PCNA, FKBP1A, IGFBP2 and cMYC, that are amplified, highly expressed, and also contained in the amplicons on 20p and 2q. The expresion of these genes was analyzed in 39 T-cell lymphomas and 3 other T-cell lines. CONCLUSION: By the use of conventional CGH and CGH and expression cDNA microarrays we defined three amplicons in the T-cell line huT78 and identified several novel gene amplifications (BCLX, PCNA, FKBP1A, IGFBP2 and cMYC). We showed that overexpression of the amplified genes could be attributable to gene dosage. We speculate that deregulation of those genes could be important in the development of T-cell lymphomas and/or in the maintenance of T-cell lines

Desarrollo y validación de una pauta de observación de clases de matemática: MateO

En este trabajo se presenta la pauta MateO, diseñada para la observación de clases de matemática, la retroalimentación al docente y el diseño de planes de desarrollo profesional docente. MateO fue diseñada tomando como referencia pautas de observación de clases validadas a nivel internacional, como CLASS y MQI, y la experiencia de observaciones de clases chilenas del equipo usando distintos tipos de pautas. MateO está formado por indicadores generales que hacen referencia a elementos de la estructura y la organización de la clase e indicadores específicos para el desarrollo conceptual en matemática. Se realizó un proceso de validación de la pauta que revela la consistencia interna de cuatro dimensiones: Organización y planificación, Interacciones en el aula, Presentación del contenido y Gestión matemática

Energy Level Tuning of Non-fullerene Acceptors in Organic Solar Cells

This document is the unedited author's version of a Submitted Work that was subsequently accepted for publication in Journal of the American Chemical Society , copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review. To access the final edited and published work, see http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jacs.5b02808The use of non-fullerene acceptors in organic photovoltaic devices could lead to enhanced efficiencies due to increased open-circuit voltages (VOC) and improved absorption of solar light. Here we systematically investigate planar heterojunction devices comprising peripherally substituted subphthalocyanines as acceptor, and correlate device performance with heterojunction energetics. Due to a balance between VOC and photocurrent, tuning of the interface energy gap is necessary to optimize power conversion efficiency in these devices. In addition, we explore the role of the charge transport layers in the device architecture. It is found that non-fullerene acceptors require adjusted buffer layers with aligned electron transport levels to enable efficient charge extraction, while the insertion of an exciton blocking layer at the anode interface further boosts photocurrent generation. These adjustments result in a planar heterojunction OPV device with 6.9% efficiency and a VOC above 1 V.The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement 287818 of the X10D project and from the European Community’s ERC Advanced Grant # 320680 (EPOS CRYSTALLI). This work is also supported by the Spanish MINECO (CTQ-2014-52869-P) and Comunidad de Madrid (S2013/MIT-2841, FOTOCARBON

An Intelligent System-on-a-Chip for a Real-Time Assessment of Fuel Consumption to Promote Eco-Driving

Pollution that originates from automobiles is a concern in the current world, not only because of global warming, but also due to the harmful effects on people’s health and lives. Despite regulations on exhaust gas emissions being applied, minimizing unsuitable driving habits that cause elevated fuel consumption and emissions would achieve further reductions. For that reason, this work proposes a self-organized map (SOM)-based intelligent system in order to provide drivers with eco-driving-intended driving style (DS) recommendations. The development of the DS advisor uses driving data from the Uyanik instrumented car. The system classifies drivers regarding the underlying causes of non-optimal DSs from the eco-driving viewpoint. When compared with other solutions, the main advantage of this approach is the personalization of the recommendations that are provided to motorists, comprising the handling of the pedals and the gearbox, with potential improvements in both fuel consumption and emissions ranging from the 9.5% to the 31.5%, or even higher for drivers that are strongly engaged with the system. It was successfully implemented using a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) device of the Xilinx ZynQ programmable system-on-a-chip (PSoC) family. This SOM-based system allows for real-time implementation, state-of-the-art timing performances, and low power consumption, which are suitable for developing advanced driving assistance systems (ADASs).This work was supported in part by the Spanish AEI and European FEDER funds under Grant TEC2016-77618-R (AEI/FEDER, UE) and by the University of the Basque Country under Grant GIU18/122

Preparados, ferias y bolsones: agroecología, un horizonte de innovación en el sector hortícola del Gran La Plata

En el cinturón hortícola del Gran La Plata, la agroecología se presenta como un conjunto de prácticas que se mezclan con otras provenientes de la agricultura convencional y que las tensionan y antagonizan. Durante los últimos años, a partir del incremento de participación de productorxs en organizaciones que lxs nuclean, la problemática agroecológica se instaló en los debates acerca de las modalidades productivas, en diálogo con un conjunto de normativas que reconocen y tienden a promover la agricultura familiar a nivel nacional. En 2019, mientras realizábamos trabajo de campo con migrantes bolivianxs que trabajan en quintas de producción de hortalizas en la zona oeste del Gran La Plata, este proceso incipiente nos motivó a interrogarnos sobre los procesos de innovación en la producción agrícola.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

El desperdicio alimentario. Una visión global y local de la problemática, legislación e iniciativas actuales

El sistema alimentario actual demuestra tener ciertas debilidades en cuanto al acceso y uso de los alimentos. Según la FAO, una tercera parte de la producción a nivel mundial no llega a ser consumida, perdiéndose y desperdiciándose por el camino. En el presente trabajo se analiza en profundidad el problema del desperdicio de alimentos, cuya preocupación e interés por parte de los organismos internacionales y de la sociedad civil está en aumento. El estudio se centra en el contexto alimentario del desperdicio y la terminología relacionada, causas e impactos, informes, legislación e iniciativas existentes para su reducción; desde diversas perspectivas geográficas a nivel mundial, Europa, España, Cataluña y Barcelona. Los resultados muestran la carencia normativa y problemas derivados de la estructura del sistema. Siguen siendo necesarias acciones de mejora que vuelvan a dotar de valor a los alimentos