79 research outputs found
Commentary: Increased Beat-to-Beat Variability of T-Wave Heterogeneity Measured From Standard 12-Lead Electrocardiogram Is Associated With Sudden Cardiac Death: A Case-Control Study
The electrocardiogram (ECG) reflects the electrical activity within the heart. Following the discovery of the small electrical signals in the human heart, the Dutch scientist Willem Einthoven developed sensitive methods for detecting them and recognized their clinical implications (Kligfield, 2002). For his contributions Willem Einthoven, whose scientific roots originated from the Utrecht physiology department (Einthoven, 1885), was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1924. Since then, many enigmas of the ECG have been solved and its intricate information carries valuable clues for clinical decision making.
In vivo mapping studies have established that spatial heterogeneity in repolarization is a requisite for re-entrant ventricular arrhythmias by effecting unidirectional conduction block. Important modulators of spatial heterogeneity of repolarization include autonomic tone, ischemia, heart rate and premature or ectopic beats, which can produce temporal heterogeneity in the order of seconds, minutes, or hours depending on their time-constants. In the contemporary era of dynamic surface electrocardiography, a formidable challenge is quantifying spatiotemporal repolarization heterogeneity with sufficient fidelity to image the arrhythmogenic myocardial substrate and thereby provide indices for a patient’s risk of arrhythmic death (Laguna et al., 2016). Hekkanen et al. (2020) performed a large case-control study of 200 victims..
Mechanisms of Spontaneous and Amplified Spontaneous Emission in CH3 NH3 Pb I3 Perovskite Thin Films Integrated in an Optical Waveguide
In this paper, the physical mechanisms responsible for optical gain in CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPI) polycrystalline thin films are investigated experimentally and theoretically. Waveguide structures composed by a MAPI film embedded in between PMMA and silica layers are used as an efficient geometry to confine emitted light in MAPI films and minimize the energy threshold for amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). We show that photogenerated exciton density at the ASE threshold is as low as (2.4-12)×1016cm-3, which is below the Mott transition density reported for this material and the threshold transparency condition deduced with the free-carrier model. Such a low threshold indicates that the formation of excitons plays an important role in the generation of optical gain in MAPI films. The rate-equation model including gain is incorporated into a beam-propagation algorithm to describe waveguided spontaneous emission and ASE in MAPI films, while using the optical parameters experimentally determined in this work. This model is a useful tool to design active photonic devices based on MAPI and other metal-halide semiconductors
Ultrastructure and Glycoconjugate Pattern ofthe Foot Epithelium of the Abalone Haliotis tuberculata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Gastropoda, Haliotidae)
The foot epithelium of the gastropod Haliotis tuberculata is studied by light and electron microscopy in order to contribute to the understanding of the anatomy and functional morphology of the mollusks integument. Study of the external surface by scanning electron microscopy reveals that the side foot epithelium is characterized by a microvillus border with a very scant presence of small ciliary tufts, but the sole foot epithelium bears a dense field of long cilia. Ultrastructural examination by transmission electron microscopy of the side epithelial cells shows deeply pigmented cells with high electron-dense granular content which are not observed in the epithelial sole cells. Along the pedal epithelium, seven types of secretory cells are present; furthermore, two types of subepithelial glands are located just in the sole foot. The presence and composition of glycoconjugates in the secretory cells and subepithelial glands are analyzed by conventional and lectin histochemistry. Subepithelial glands contain mainly N-glycoproteins
rich in fucose and mannose whereas secretory cells present mostly acidic sulphated glycoconjugates such as glycosaminoglycans and mucins, which are rich in galactose, N-acetyl-galactosamine, and N-acetyl-glucosamine. No sialic acid is present in the foot epithelium.Versión del edito
Is null-point reconnection important for solar flux emergence?
The role of null-point reconnection in a 3D numerical MHD model of solar
emerging flux is investigated. The model consists of a twisted magnetic flux
tube rising through a stratified convection zone and atmosphere to interact and
reconnect with a horizontal overlying magnetic field in the atmosphere. Null
points appear as the reconnection begins and persist throughout the rest of the
emergence, where they can be found mostly in the model photosphere and
transition region, forming two loose clusters on either side of the emerging
flux tube. Up to 26 nulls are present at any one time, and tracking in time
shows that there is a total of 305 overall, despite the initial simplicity of
the magnetic field configuration. We find evidence for the reality of the nulls
in terms of their methods of creation and destruction, their balance of signs,
their long lifetimes, and their geometrical stability. We then show that due to
the low parallel electric fields associated with the nulls, null-point
reconnection is not the main type of magnetic reconnection involved in the
interaction of the newly emerged flux with the overlying field. However, the
large number of nulls implies that the topological structure of the magnetic
field must be very complex and the importance of reconnection along separators
or separatrix surfaces for flux emergence cannot be ruled out.Comment: 26 pages, 12 figures. Added one referenc
Pattern formation and localization in the forced-damped FPU lattice
We study spatial pattern formation and energy localization in the dynamics of
an anharmonic chain with quadratic and quartic intersite potential subject to
an optical, sinusoidally oscillating field and a weak damping. The
zone-boundary mode is stable and locked to the driving field below a critical
forcing that we determine analytically using an approximate model which
describes mode interactions. Above such a forcing, a standing modulated wave
forms for driving frequencies below the band-edge, while a ``multibreather''
state develops at higher frequencies. Of the former, we give an explicit
approximate analytical expression which compares well with numerical data. At
higher forcing space-time chaotic patterns are observed.Comment: submitted to Phys.Rev.
Using the set point concept to allow water distribution system skeletonization preserving water quality constraints
[EN] Water distribution networks were included in the catalogue of critical infrastructures by different institutions as the European
Council. One of the vulnerabilities of a water distribution networks consists of the contamination due to accidental or provoked
events. Therefore, it is increasingly common to develop water quality models which allow the study of these threats. Many hydraulic
models use algorithms with a high computational cost. Therefore, any strategy to accelerate these algorithms is an important
contribution to the problem. This paper proposes a method to simplify branched areas of the network without losing information
regarding water quality.This article has been possible inside the actions developed by the researchers of UPV involved in the project “Mejora de las técnicas de llenado y operación de redes de abastecimiento de agua (OPERAGUA)”. The number reference of the project is DPI2009-13674.Martínez-Solano, FJ.; Iglesias Rey, PL.; Mora Meliá, D.; Fuertes Miquel, VS. (2014). Using the set point concept to allow water distribution system skeletonization preserving water quality constraints. Procedia Engineering. 2014(89):213-219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.11.179S21321920148
Atmospheric Heating and Wind Acceleration: Results for Cool Evolved Stars based on Proposed Processes
A chromosphere is a universal attribute of stars of spectral type later than
~F5. Evolved (K and M) giants and supergiants (including the zeta Aurigae
binaries) show extended and highly turbulent chromospheres, which develop into
slow massive winds. The associated continuous mass loss has a significant
impact on stellar evolution, and thence on the chemical evolution of galaxies.
Yet despite the fundamental importance of those winds in astrophysics, the
question of their origin(s) remains unsolved. What sources heat a chromosphere?
What is the role of the chromosphere in the formation of stellar winds? This
chapter provides a review of the observational requirements and theoretical
approaches for modeling chromospheric heating and the acceleration of winds in
single cool, evolved stars and in eclipsing binary stars, including physical
models that have recently been proposed. It describes the successes that have
been achieved so far by invoking acoustic and MHD waves to provide a physical
description of plasma heating and wind acceleration, and discusses the
challenges that still remain.Comment: 46 pages, 9 figures, 1 table; modified and unedited manuscript;
accepted version to appear in: Giants of Eclipse, eds. E. Griffin and T. Ake
(Berlin: Springer
Pion Freeze-Out Time in Pb+Pb Collisions at 158 A GeV/c Studied via pi-/pi+ and K-/K+ Ratios
The effect of the final state Coulomb interaction on particles produced in
Pb+Pb collisions at 158 A GeV/c has been investigated in the WA98 experiment
through the study of the pi-/pi+ and K-/K+ ratios measured as a function of
transverse mass. While the ratio for kaons shows no significant transverse mass
dependence, the pi-/pi+ ratio is enhanced at small transverse mass values with
an enhancement that increases with centrality. A silicon pad detector located
near the target is used to estimate the contribution of hyperon decays to the
pi-/pi+ ratio. The comparison of results with predictions of the RQMD model in
which the Coulomb interaction has been incorporated allows to place constraints
on the time of the pion freeze-out.Comment: 9 pages, 12 figure
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