Physical activity and smoking habit in adolescent students

El objetivo de este estudio fue detectar en qué medida afecta la actividad física y el hábito tabáquico en estudiantes de Enseñanza Secundaria. Se estudiaron 168 adolescentes no fumadores y fumadores recién iniciados. Se midieron peso, talla, presión arterial, frecuencia cardíaca, actividad física, fuerza, flexibilidad y resistencia y una prueba espirométrica. Tanto en chicas y chicos fumadores, se evidenciaron peores resultados en la mayoría de los parámetros espirométricos (FEV1, FEF25-75%, FVC) y un envejecimiento prematuro del pulmón, más acentuado en chicas. La actividad físico-deportiva moderada se asocia a adolescentes que menos fuman y tienen más facilidad para abandonar el hábito tabáquicoThe aim of the study was to detect how physical education and smoking habits affect secondary school students, 168 non smokers and newly initiated were studied. Weight, height, heart rate, blood pressure, physical activity, strength, flexibility and endurance, and spirometric tests were analyzed. In both, female and male smokers, obtained worse results in the mayority of spirometric parameters (FEV1, FEF25-75%, FVC) and premature lung ageing, more pointed in females. Moderate physical-sporting activity is associated to adolescents who smoke less and quit smoking more easil

Mouse p53-deficient cancer models as platforms for obtaining genomic predictors of human cancer clinical outcomes

Mutations in the TP53 gene are very common in human cancers, and are associated with poor clinical outcome. Transgenic mouse models lacking the Trp53 gene or that express mutant Trp53 transgenes produce tumours with malignant features in many organs. We previously showed the transcriptome of a p53-deficient mouse skin carcinoma model to be similar to those of human cancers with TP53 mutations and associated with poor clinical outcomes. This report shows that much of the 682-gene signature of this murine skin carcinoma transcriptome is also present in breast and lung cancer mouse models in which p53 is inhibited. Further, we report validated gene-expression-based tests for predicting the clinical outcome of human breast and lung adenocarcinoma. It was found that human patients with cancer could be stratified based on the similarity of their transcriptome with the mouse skin carcinoma 682-gene signature. The results also provide new targets for the treatment of p53-defective tumours

Scutoids are a geometrical solution to three-dimensional packing of epithelia

As animals develop, tissue bending contributes to shape the organs into complex three-dimensional structures. However, the architecture and packing of curved epithelia remains largely unknown. Here we show by means of mathematical modelling that cells in bent epithelia can undergo intercalations along the apico-basal axis. This phenomenon forces cells to have different neighbours in their basal and apical surfaces. As a consequence, epithelial cells adopt a novel shape that we term “scutoid”. The detailed analysis of diverse tissues confirms that generation of apico-basal intercalations between cells is a common feature during morphogenesis. Using biophysical arguments, we propose that scutoids make possible the minimization of the tissue energy and stabilize three-dimensional packing. Hence, we conclude that scutoids are one of nature's solutions to achieve epithelial bending. Our findings pave the way to understand the three-dimensional organization of epithelial organs

Phase II Trial of Doxorubicin Plus Escalated High-Dose Ifosfamide in Patients With Advanced Soft Tissue Sarcomas of the Adult: A Study of the Spanish Group for Research on Sarcomas (GEIS)

Background. To explore the tolerance and the activity of high-dose ifosfamide (IFOS) combined with doxorubicin (DXR) at 50 mg/m(2) every 4 weeks in patients with soft tissue sarcomas. Methods. DXR was given IV bolus and IFOS by continuous infusion at 2 g/m(2)/day. Initial IFOS dose (12 g/m(2)) was adjusted to 10, 13, or 14 g/m(2) according to toxicity. Results. Seventy patients received 277 cycles (median 3 cycles, range 1–10), 34% with IFOS dose increased, 30% decreased, and 48% delivered at 12 g/m(2). Toxicity grade 4 occurred on granulocytes (67% of patients) or platelets (19%), 54% had febrile neutropenia, 31% grade 3/4 asthenia, and 26% abandoned the study due to toxicity. Three toxic deaths occurred. In 57 non-GIST patients objective activity was 45.6% (95% CI, 32 to 58%). Conclusion. At least 4 cycles were tolerated by 71% of patients, most receiving DXR 50 mg/m(2) plus IFOS 10–12 g/m(2), with substantial toxicity

CartoCell, a high-content pipeline for 3D image analysis, unveils cell morphology patterns in epithelia

Decades of research have not yet fully explained the mechanisms of epithelial self-organization and 3D packing. Single-cell analysis of large 3D epithelial libraries is crucial for understanding the assembly and function of whole tissues. Combining 3D epithelial imaging with advanced deep-learning segmentation methods is essential for enabling this high-content analysis. We introduce CartoCell, a deep-learning-based pipeline that uses small datasets to generate accurate labels for hundreds of whole 3D epithelial cysts. Our method detects the realistic morphology of epithelial cells and their contacts in the 3D structure of the tissue. CartoCell enables the quantification of geometric and packing features at the cellular level. Our single-cell cartography approach then maps the distribution of these features on 2D plots and 3D surface maps, revealing cell morphology patterns in epithelial cysts. Additionally, we show that CartoCell can be adapted to other types of epithelial tissues.This work is supported by the project PID2019-103900GB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI /10.13039/501100011033 and Programa Operativo FEDER Andalucía 2014–2020 (US-1380953) to L.M.E. Work by L.M.E. and J.A.A.-S.R. has been funded by the Junta de Andalucía (Consejerı´a de economı´a, conocimiento, empresas y Universidad) grant PY18-631 co-funded by FEDER funds. A.T. has been funded by a ‘‘Contrato predoctoral PIF’’ from Universidad de Sevilla. C.G.-V. has been funded by a ‘‘Contrato predoctoral para la formacio´ n de doctores’’ BES-2017-082306. G.B. was supported by a Comunidad de Madrid contract (CAM) and by an FPI grant from MINECO (BES-2022-077789). F.M.-B. was supported by MICINN (PID2020-120367GB-I00) and Fundacio´ n Ramo´ n Areces (CIVP18A3904). P.G.-G. has been funded by Margarita Salas Fellowship – NextGenerationEU. C.H.F.-E. has been funded by Marı´a Zambrano Fellowship – NextGenerationEU. I.A.-C. would like to acknowledge that his work has been partially supported by the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU grant GIU19/027 and by grant PID2021-126701OB-I00, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ‘‘ERDF A way of making Europe." L.M.E. also wants to thank PIE-202120E047 – Conexiones-Life network for networking and input

CartoCell, a high-content pipeline for 3D image analysis, unveils cell morphology patterns in epithelia

Decades of research have not yet fully explained the mechanisms of epithelial self-organization and 3D packing. Single-cell analysis of large 3D epithelial libraries is crucial for understanding the assembly and function of whole tissues. Combining 3D epithelial imaging with advanced deep-learning segmentation methods is essential for enabling this high-content analysis. We introduce CartoCell, a deep-learning-based pipeline that uses small datasets to generate accurate labels for hundreds of whole 3D epithelial cysts. Our method detects the realistic morphology of epithelial cells and their contacts in the 3D structure of the tissue. CartoCell enables the quantification of geometric and packing features at the cellular level. Our single-cell cartography approach then maps the distribution of these features on 2D plots and 3D surface maps, revealing cell morphology patterns in epithelial cysts. Additionally, we show that CartoCell can be adapted to other types of epithelial tissues

Frequency of breast cancer with hereditary risk features in Spain: Analysis from GEICAM “El Álamo III” retrospective study

Purpose: To determine the frequency of breast cancer (BC) patients with hereditary risk features in a wide retrospective cohort of patients in Spain. Methods: a retrospective analysis was conducted from 10, 638 BC patients diagnosed between 1998 and 2001 in the GEICAM registry “El Álamo III”, dividing them into four groups according to modified ESMO and SEOM hereditary cancer risk criteria: Sporadic breast cancer group (R0); Individual risk group (IR); Familial risk group (FR); Individual and familial risk group (IFR) with both individual and familial risk criteria. Results: 7, 641 patients were evaluable. Of them, 2, 252 patients (29.5%) had at least one hereditary risk criteria, being subclassified in: FR 1.105 (14.5%), IR 970 (12.7%), IFR 177 (2.3%). There was a higher frequency of newly diagnosed metastatic patients in the IR group (5.1% vs 3.2%, p = 0.02). In contrast, in RO were lower proportion of big tumors (> T2) (43.8% vs 47.4%, p = 0.023), nodal involvement (43.4% vs 48.1%, p = 0.004) and lower histological grades (20.9% G3 for the R0 vs 29.8%) when compared to patients with any risk criteria. Conclusions: Almost three out of ten BC patients have at least one hereditary risk cancer feature that would warrant further genetic counseling. Patients with hereditary cancer risk seems to be diagnosed with worse prognosis factors

Author Correction: Scutoids are a geometrical solution to three-dimensional packing of epithelia.

The original version of this Article contained an error in ref. 39, which incorrectly cited 'Fristrom, D. & Fristrom, J. W. in The Development of Drosophila melanogaster (eds. Bate, M. & Martinez-Arias, A.) II, (Cold spring harbor laboratory press, 1993)'. The correct reference is 'Condic, M.L, Fristrom, D. & Fristrom, J.W. Apical cell shape changes during Drosophila imaginal leg disc elongation: a novel morphogenetic mechanism. Development 111: 23-33 (1991)'. Furthermore, the last sentence of the fourth paragraph of the introduction incorrectly omitted citation of work by Rupprecht et al. The correct citation is given below. These errors have now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article. Rupprecht, J.F., Ong, K.H., Yin, J., Huang, A., Dinh, H.H., Singh, A.P., Zhang, S., Yu, W. & Saunders, T.E. Geometric constraints alter cell arrangements within curved epithelial tissues. Mol. Biol. Cell 28, 3582-3594 (2017)

Phase II clinical trial with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (Caelyx/ Doxil) and quality of life evaluation (EORTC QLQC30) in adult patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma. Sarcoma 2005; 9

Abstract Background: Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD), a formulation with pharmacokinetic differences with respect to doxorubicin (DXR), might benefit patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma (STS) pretreated with DXR. Patients and methods: Patients with measurable and progressive STS received PLD at 35 mg/m 2 every 3 weeks. Quality of life before and during treatment was assessed with EORTC QLQ-C30. Results: Twenty-eight patients, 22 DXR-pretreated, were given 140 cycles (median 3, range 1-18). Activity in 27 patients (5 GIST): one complete and one partial remission (both non-GIST and without prior DXR), 12 stabilizations and 13 progressions (response rate 7.4%, 95% CI: 0-17%). Grade 3 toxicity: palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (19% of patients), stomatitis (4%) or cutaneous (4%). Neutropenia grade !3 was detected in 16% of patients. Median relative dose intensity was 95%. Progression-free rate at 3 and 6 months was, respectively, 48 and 22%, median progression-free survival 5.8 months and median overall survival 8.7 months. QLQ-C30 at baseline and at weeks 6-11 in 23 and 13 patients, respectively, showed good reliability and validity. Quality of life did not seem to worsen during therapy. Conclusions: PLD did not induce objective remissions in 22 STS patients pretreated with DXR, but progression-free rate figures support the use of this agent in patients who have not progressed under a DXR-containing regimen. The toxicity observed was comparable to that of other PLD schedules

Phase II Clinical Trial With Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin (CAELYX®/Doxil®) and Quality of Life Evaluation (EORTC QLQ-C30) in Adult Patients With Advanced Soft Tissue Sarcomas: A study of the Spanish Group for Research in Sarcomas (GEIS)

Background: Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD), a formulation with pharmacokinetic differences with respect to doxorubicin (DXR), might benefit patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma (STS) pretreated with DXR