La constitucionalización positiva del derecho ambiental

No me parece discutible, ojalá me equivoque, el afirmar que a estas alturas de la historia, la evolución de la Humanidad en pos del ideal de justicia no ha conseguido interiorizar los grandes principios rectores del Derecho ambiental en un deseable pero ilusorio ordenamiento supranacional, ni en los niveles más a ras de suelo de las Constituciones en vigor. Veamos, al menos, cuál es la estrategia jurídica que desde estos textos se articula

Body composition and somatotype in professional men's handball according to playing positions

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en 19 jugadores profesionales del Club Balonmano Valladolid. Las mediciones antropométricas fueron realizadas según el protocolo estándar. Se estimaron la masa grasa y ósea, se calculó el somatotipo y se analizaron las diferencias entre las variables en función de la posición. Como resultados, se obtuvo que los pivotes fueron los jugadores más pesados (con mayor porcentaje de masa grasa); los extremos, los más ligeros y los laterales, junto con los pivotes, los más altos. No se observaron diferencias en el IMC en los grupos. En la somatocarta los centrales y laterales se situaron en la zona central; los extremos y los pivotes en la endomorfa-mesomorfa y los porteros en la ecto-endomorfa. Así se evidenció que las variables antropométricas, los datos de composición corporal y la somatocarta de los deportistas confirman las características morfológicas básicas de los jugadores para la posición para la que son más aptosA cross-sectional descriptive study was accomplished in 19 professional players from Valladolid Handball Club. Anthropometric measurements were performed according to standard protocol. Body fat and bone mass were estimated, and the somatotype was calculated. As results, the line players were significantly the heaviest players; the wings were lightest and the backs, with the line players, the tallest. Nevertheless, no significant differences in BMI were observed. Regarding the body composition, the line players showed the highest values of fat-mass. No differences in BMI were observed in the groups. With respect to the somatochart, the center backs and backs were in the central area; wings and line players showed an endomorph-mesomorph development, and goalkeepers were in the ectoendomorph area. As conclusions, anthropometric variables, body composition data and the somatochart of the athletes evaluated confirm the basic morphological characteristics of the players for the position for which they are best suite

Results of a university experience, comparing face-toface, online and hybrid teaching in a context of Sarscov19

[EN] The irruption of sarscov19 in the spring of 2020 was a challenge for everyone, particularly university teaching, where solutions had to be improvised urgently. Technological resources and online teaching played a fundamental role, and the involvement of students, teachers and administration led to an acceptable outcome. After the first impact of the pandemic, new alternatives compatible with the protocols of social distancing and health security were proposed in the planning for the academic year 2020-2021. As in many other universities, a synchronous hybrid learning (SHL) model was offered at the Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), combining online learning and face-to-face (F2F) activities. In the SHL model, some students attended classes in-person (the room capacity limited the number according to the minimum distances between people required) and stream for the rest of the students, who followed the class simultaneously. In addition, the classes were recorded to enable their asynchronous use. SHL was only used when the conditions were favourable. Vulnerable teachers were teaching entirely online in their groups. When the number of students in a group was small enough, teaching was fully F2F, maintaining the online option only for vulnerable or confined students. The laboratory practices followed a similar hybrid scheme. The tutorials were attended by email or videoconference, and the exams were preferably in-person, with ad hoc solutions in the cases of confined or vulnerable students. Between February and June 2021, a pilot experience was carried out in the Electricity course of the degree in Electronic Engineering and Industrial Automation at the UPV. Three groups were taught with a different methodology: online, SHL and F2F teaching. Planning, academic resources, and evaluation were the same in the three groups. All three followed active flipped classroom methods. In this paper, the student's academic outcomes and the results of opinion surveys conducted on the activities are presented. Results are analysed in terms of the three groups/methodologies showing reasonable doubts about the SHL model where, the academic results and the student's opinions are significantly lower than the other two methodologies. These results could help to decide the best methodological solution if we had a similar situation in the future.Authors would like to thank the Institute of Education Sciences of the Universitat Politècnica de València (Spain) for supporting the Teaching Innovation Group e-MACAFI and for the financial support through PIME Project PIME 20-21/220 and PIME Project PIME/2018/B25.Tort-Ausina, I.; Gómez-Tejedor, J.; Molina Mateo, J.; Riera Guasp, J.; Meseguer Dueñas, JM.; Martín-Cabezuelo, R.; Vidaurre, A. (2022). Results of a university experience, comparing face-toface, online and hybrid teaching in a context of Sarscov19. IATED. 896-905. https://doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2022.025889690

Lipid-lowering response in subjects with the p.(Leu167del) mutation in the APOE gene

Background and aims: The aim of this work was to compared the effect of lipid lowering drugs among familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) subjects with a functional mutation in LDLR (LDLR FH) and FH with the p.(Leu167del) mutation in APOE. Methods: We retrospectively selected all adults with the p.(Leu167del) mutation on lipid-lowering treatment (n = 22) attending the Lipid Unit at the Hospital Miguel Servet. Age and sex matched LDLR FH from the same Unit were randomly selected as a control group (n = 44). Results: The mean percentage reduction in LDLc was significantly higher in the p.(Leu167del) carriers (-52.1%) than in the LDLR FH (-39.7%) (p = 0.040) when on high intensity statins. Similar differences between groups were observed in non-HDLc -49.4% and -36.4%, respectively (p = 0.030). Conclusions: Subjects with p.(Leu167del) mutation have a higher lipid-lowering response to statins with or without ezetimibe than LDLR FH. This supports the use of genetics for a more efficient management of FH

Effect of an alcohol-free beer enriched with isomaltulose and a resistant dextrin on insulin resistance in diabetic patients with overweight or obesity

Background & aims: The quality of carbohydrates has an essential role in nutritional management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) because of its substantial impact on glucose homeostasis. Alcohol-free beer has beneficial bioactive components but it has a relatively high glycemic-index so its consumption is restricted in diabetic subjects. We aimed to explore the effect of an alcohol-free beer with modified carbohydrate composition almost completely eliminating maltose and adding isomaltulose (16.5 g/day) and a resistant maltodextrin (5.28 g/day) in comparison to a regular alcohol-free beer on glycemic control of diabetic subjects with overweight or obesity. Design: We randomized 41 subjects into two groups: a) consumption of 66 cL/day of; regular alcohol-free beer for the first 10 weeks and 66 cL/day of alcohol-free beer with modified carbohydrate composition for the next 10 weeks; b) the same described intervention in opposite order. There was a washout period for 6–8 weeks between the two interventions. Participants were counseled to adhere to a healthy diet for cardiovascular health and to increase physical activity. Clinical, biochemical, anthropometric, lifestyle and satiety assessments were performed at the beginning and at the end of each period. Results: Subjects showed significantly weight loss after the two ten weeks periods (-1.69 ± 3.21% and -1.77 ± 3.70% after experimental and regular alcohol-free beers, respectively, P = 0.881). Glucose and glycated hemoglobin did not significantly change after any period. Insulin concentrations and HOMA-IR significantly decreased (-11.1 [–21.3-4.64]% and -1.92 ± 32.8% respectively) after the intake of experimental alcohol-free beer but not after regular alcohol-free beer. Reductions remained statistically significant after adjusting for weight loss, energy intake, physical activity and intervention order. Subjects reported higher satiety scores after consuming experimental alcohol-free beer. Conclusions: An alcohol-free beer including the substitution of regular carbohydrates for low doses of isomaltulose and the addition of a resistant maltodextrin within meals led to an improvement in insulin resistance in subjects with T2DM and overweight or obesity. Clinical trial registration: The clinical trial has been registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT03337828)

Combinando randomización sesgada y búsqueda local iterativa para resolver problemas de flow-shop

A la hora de poder aplicar algoritmos te oricos a casos reales, no solo resulta conveniente que el algoritmo sea e ciente sino tambi en que sea lo m as comprensible posible y que no requiera de comple- jos procesos de parametrizaci on. Siguiendo esta l ogi- ca, proponemos aqu un algoritmo h brido que reune las caracter sticas anteriores para resolver el proble- ma del Flow-Shop (FSP). El algoritmo, que no re- quire de parametrizaci on alguna, combina estrategias de randomizaci on con una B usqueda Local Iterativa (ILS), logrando ser competitivo con otros conocidos algoritmos que se encuentran entre los m as simples y e cientes para el FSP. Nuestro enfoque de ne (1) un nuevo operador para el proceso de perturbaci on ILS, (2) un nuevo criterio de aceptaci on basado en reglas simples y transparentes, y (3) un proceso de random- izaci on sesgada de la soluci on inicial. Los resultados preliminares obtenidos con las instancias de Taillard permiten concluir que la soluci on propuesta puede ser una excelente alternativa en aplicaciones realesPeer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Effect of the Consumption of Alcohol-Free Beers with Different Carbohydrate Composition on Postprandial Metabolic Response; 35268021

Background: We investigated the postprandial effects of an alcohol-free beer with modified carbohydrate (CH) composition compared to regular alcohol-free beer. Methods: Two randomized crossover studies were conducted. In the first study, 10 healthy volunteers received 25 g of CH in four different periods, coming from regular alcohol-free beer (RB), alcohol-free beer enriched with isomaltulose and a resistant maltodextrin (IMB), alcohol-free beer enriched with resistant maltodextrin (MB), and a glucose-based beverage. In the second study, 20 healthy volunteers were provided with 50 g of CH from white bread (WB) plus water, or with 14.3 g of CH coming from RB, IMB, MB, and extra WB. Blood was sampled after ingestion every 15 min for 2 h. Glucose, insulin, incretin hormones, TG, and NEFAs were determined in all samples. Results: The increase in glucose, insulin, and incretin hormones after the consumption of IMB and MB was significantly lower than after RB. The consumption of WB with IMB and MB showed significantly less increase in glucose levels than WB with water or WB with RB. Conclusions: The consumption of an alcohol-free beer with modified CH composition led to a better postprandial response compared to a conventional alcohol-free beer. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

Rendimiento diagnóstico de la secuenciación de genes de hipercolesterolemia familiar en sujetos con hipercolesterolemia primaria

Introducción y objetivos Nuestro objetivo fue aproximar la prevalencia de mutaciones en los genes candidatos de hipercolesterolemia familiar (HF) en una población española de mediana edad, y determinar el valor predictivo de los criterios clínicos de sospecha de HF en la detección de mutaciones causales. Métodos Se seleccionaron individuos mayores de 18 años no relacionados de la cohorte Estudio de Salud de los Trabajadores de Aragón (AWHS) con colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de baja densidad (cLDL) > percentil 95, con enfermedad cardiovascular prematura o con cLDL > 130 mg/dl con tratamiento hipolipemiante, asumiendo que al menos una de las características estará presente en todos los individuos con HF. En estos participantes se secuenciaron los genes LDLR, APOB, PCSK9, APOE, STAP1 y LDLRAP1 mediante secuenciación masiva. Resultados De 5.400 individuos del AWHS, 4.514 tenían datos lipídicos y registro farmacológico hipolipemiante completo, 255 participantes (5, 65%) cumplían los criterios de sospecha de HF, 24 de ellos (9, 41%) fueron diagnosticados de hiperlipoproteinemia(a) y 16 (6, 27% de los secuenciados) presentaron alguna mutación causal en genes candidatos: 12 participantes portaban 11 alelos patogénicos diferentes en LDLR y 4 participantes portaban una mutación patogénica en PCSK9. Las concentraciones de cLDL > 220 mg/dl y el cLDL > 130 mg/dl a pesar del tratamiento con estatinas mostraron la mayor asociación con la presencia de mutación (p = 0, 011). Conclusiones Nuestros resultados muestran que la prevalencia española de HF es 1:282 y sugieren que una concentración de cLDL elevado, y niveles altos de cLDL a pesar de la terapia con estatinas son los mejores predictores para un diagnóstico genético positivo de HF. Introduction and objectives: Our objective was to approximate the prevalence of mutations in candidate genes for familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) in a middle-aged Spanish population and to establish the predictive value of criteria for clinical suspicion in the detection of causative mutations. Methods: Unrelated individuals aged = 18 years from the Aragon Workers’ Health Study (AWHS) with high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and clinical suspicion of FH (participants with LDL-C concentrations above the 95th percentile, participants with premature cardiovascular disease and/or participants with high LDL-C [130 mg/dL] under statin therapy), assuming that any participant with FH exhibits at leats 1 trait, were selected and the LDLR, APOB, PCSK9, APOE, STAP1 and LDLRAP1 genes were sequenced by next generation sequencing technology. Results: Of 5400 individuals from the AWHS, 4514 had complete data on lipid levels and lipid-lowering drugs, 255 participants (5.65%) met the criteria for suspicion of FH, 24 of them (9.41%) were diagnosed with hyperlipoproteinemia(a), and 16 (6.27% of those sequenced) were found to carry causative mutations in candidate genes: 12 participants carried 11 different pathogenic LDLR alleles and 4 participants carried 1 pathogenic mutation in PCSK9. LDL-C concentrations > 220 mg/dL and LDL-C > 130 mg/dL despite statin therapy showed the strongest association with the presence of mutations (P = .011). Conclusions: Our results show that the prevalence of FH in Spain is 1:282 and suggest that the combination of high untreated LDL-C and high levels of LDL-C despite statin therapy are the best predictors of a positive FH genetic test

Morfología y biometría de racimos, frutos y semillas de Attalea bassleriana en Alto Amazonas, Perú

We evaluated the morphology and biometrics of racemes, fruits, and seeds of Attalea bassleriana in the localities of Paraiso, Libertad de Cuiparillo and Santa Lucia in the Alto Amazonas Province, Peru, to understand its interpopulational variability and contribute to the taxonomic clarification of the species. Additionally, we described the environment where the palm grows. To do so, we used 70 descriptors (38 biometric and 32 morphological), which were compared with ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis, correlated through Spearman, and graphically visualized by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). A data sheet for field samples was used for the description of the environment. In total, 23 biometric descriptors presented significant differences (p < 0.05). The highest correlations were fruit number/raceme weight (0.921) and fruit weight/fruit diameter (0.844). The PCA demonstrates the variability of fruits between populations and denotes Paradise as the least variable and the most differentiated. Likewise, we observed that the species is found in terrace forests, swampy forests, agricultural and livestock lands, between 145-159 m.a.s.l. The data evidence the taxonomic identification of shebon and constitute a reference for both the proper utilization of fruits and seeds and their application to genetic improvement.Se evaluó la morfología y biometría de racimos, frutos y semillas de Attalea bassleriana en las localidades de Paraíso, Libertad de Cuiparillo y Santa Lucía en Alto Amazonas, Perú, para comprender su variabilidad interpoblacional y contribuir al esclarecimiento taxonómico de la especie. Se describió el ambiente donde se desarrolla la palmera mediante 70 descriptores que fueron comparados con ANOVA y Kruskal-Wallis, correlacionados a través Spearman y visualizados gráficamente mediante el Análisis de Componentes Principales (PCA). Para la descripción del ambiente se utilizó una ficha de toma de datos para muestras de campo. En total, 23 descriptores biométricos presentaron diferencias significativas (p < 0,05). Las correlaciones más altas fueron número de frutos/peso de racimo (0,921) y peso del fruto/diámetro del fruto (0,844). El PCA demuestra la variabilidad de los frutos entre las poblaciones y denota a Paraíso como la menos variable y más diferenciada. Asimismo, se observó que la especie se encuentra en bosques de terraza, bosques pantanosos, tierras agrícolas y ganaderas, entre 145 y 159 m s. n. m. Esta información evidencia la identificación taxonómica del shebón y es un referente tanto para el aprovechamiento adecuado de frutos y semillas como para su aplicación en el mejoramiento genético