Motives of practice physical activity and sport in Spanish adolescents: the AVENA study

Fundamentos: La práctica de actividad físico-deportiva es un medio ideal para la obtención de beneficios bio-psico-sociales en la salud de los jóvenes. El objetivo del estudio fue conocer los motivos de práctica de actividad físico-deportiva en una muestra representativa de adolescentes españoles. Métodos: Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal y se empleó la encuesta sobre comportamientos, actitudes y valores sobre actividad física y deportiva del Grupo AVENA. La muestra fueron 2.859 estudiantes, procedentes de centros públicos y privados de cinco ciudades españolas: Granada, Madrid, Murcia, Santander y Zaragoza. Resultados: La diversión, la realización de ejercicio físico, estar con los amigos y el gusto hacia la práctica son, en ese orden, los principales motivos señalados para realizar actividad físico-deportiva en el tiempo libre. El género y la edad modifican significativamente los motivos de práctica físicodeportiva. Conclusiones: El conocimiento de los motivos de práctica podría permitir desarrollar programas de intervención eficaces y duraderos en la adopción de estilos de vida saludables en los jóvenes actuales.Background: Practice of physical activity and sport is an ideal medium for obtain benefits biopsycho-socials health of young people. The aim of the current study is to know the reasons for practicing physical activity and sport in a representative sample of Spanish adolescents. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was implemented and the survey about behaviours, attitudes and values related to physical activity and sport practice, which was developed in the AVENA study was used. The sample size was 2859 Spanish students from public and private secondary schools in 5 Spanish cities: Granada, Madrid, Murcia, Santander and Zaragoza. Results: The amusement, doing exercise, being with friends and the pleasure of this practice are, in this order, the main reasons for practicing physical activity and sport in their free time. Gender and age modify significantly the reasons for practicing physical activity and sports. Conclusions: The knowledge of the reason of practicing could allow to develop effective and longterm successful intervention programmes for adopting healthy lifestyles in the currently young people.Grupo FORCE (HUM-386). Departamento de Didáctica y Organización escolar de la Universidad de Granada

Henoch-Schönlein purpura in northern Spain: clinical spectrum of the disease in 417 patients from a single center

The severity of clinical features and the outcomes in previous series of patients reported with Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) vary greatly, probably due to selection bias. To establish the actual clinical spectrum of HSP in all age groups using an unselected and wide series of patients diagnosed at a single center, we performed a retrospective review of 417 patients classified as having HSP according to the criteria proposed by Michel et al. Of 417 patients, 240 were male and 177 female, with a median age at the time of disease diagnosis of 7.5 years (interquartile range [IQR], 5.3-20.1 yr). Three-quarters of the patients were children or young people aged 20 years or younger (n = 315), and one-quarter were adults (n = 102). The most frequent precipitating events were a previous infection (38%), usually an upper respiratory tract infection, and/or drug intake (18.5%) shortly before the onset of the vasculitis. At disease onset the most common manifestations were skin lesions (55.9%), nephropathy (24%), gastrointestinal involvement (13.7%), joint symptoms (9.1%), and fever (6.2%). Cutaneous involvement occurring in all patients, mainly purpuric skin lesion, was the most common manifestation when the vasculitis was fully established, followed by gastrointestinal (64.5%), joint (63.1%), and renal involvement (41.2%). The main laboratory findings were leukocytosis (36.7%), anemia (8.9%), and increased serum IgA levels (31.7%). The most frequent therapies used were corticosteroids (35%), nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (14%), and cytotoxic agents (5%). After a median follow-up of 12 months (IQR, 2-38 mo), complete recovery was observed in most cases (n = 346; 83.2%), while persistent, usually mild, nephropathy was observed in only 32 (7.7%) cases. Relapses were observed in almost a third of patients (n = 133; 31.9%).In conclusion, although HSP is a typical vasculitis affecting children and young people, it is not uncommon in adults. The prognosis is favorable in most cases, depending largely on renal involvement

Motivos de abandono y no práctica de actividad físicodeportiva

A pesar de los reconocidos beneficios físicos, psíquicos y socialesque la práctica de actividad físico-deportiva produce en la salud de los jóvenes,la prevalencia de abandono y falta de este tipo de actividades está mostrandoun importante aumento a nivel mundial, particularmente en los países desarrollados.Se precisan actuaciones educativas inmediatas para frenar estasituación. El objetivo del estudio es analizar la expresión de interés hacia laactividad físico-deportiva atendiendo al nivel de participación de ésta, y conocerlos motivos de abandono y no práctica en una muestra representativade adolescentes españoles. Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversaly se empleó la encuesta sobre comportamientos, actitudes y valores sobreactividad físico-deportiva del estudio AVENA (Alimentación y Valoracióndel Estado Nutricional en Adolescentes). La muestra fue de 2.859 adolescentesespañoles (1.357 hombres, 1.502 mujeres; rango de edad: 13-18,5 años)y elegida de entre los escolares de Enseñanza Secundaria, procedentes tantode centros públicos como privados de cinco ciudades españolas: Granada,Madrid, Murcia, Santander y Zaragoza. Los principales resultados verificanuna elevada expresión de interés hacia la práctica físico-deportiva aunque casila mitad de los adolescentes indican un nivel de participación insuficienterespecto a lo que realmente querrían practicar. La exigencia del estudio y lapereza y desgana suponen los principales motivos de abandono de la misma.Respecto a los motivos de no práctica, la falta de tiempo, seguido muy de lejospor la pereza, la falta de gusto hacia la misma y el cansancio por el estudio otrabajo. El género y la edad modifican significativamente la expresión de interésy los motivos de abandono y no práctica físico-deportiva. El conocimientode estos motivos podría permitir desarrollar programas de intervención eficacesy duraderos en la adopción de estilos de vida saludables en los jóvenes

Attitudes toward the physical activity and sport practice in Spanish adolescents: the AVENA study

El objetivo del estudio se centra en conocer las actitudes hacia la práctica de actividad físico deportiva orientada a la salud en una muestra representativa de adolescentes españoles. Para ello, se ha efectuado un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, empleando la encuesta sobre comportamientos, actitudes y valores sobre actividad física y deportiva del Grupo AVENA. El análisis descriptivo e inferencial, nos permite obtener la opinión de 2.859 estudiantes, procedentes tanto de centros públicos como privados de cinco ciudades españolas: Granada, Madrid, Murcia, Santander y Zaragoza. Los principales resultados verifican que tanto chicos como chicas presentan una mayor orientación hacia actitudes relacionadas con el proceso (AP) de la actividad físico-deportiva que hacia actitudes referidas al resultado (AR) de dicha práctica. En ambos sexos, se produce una disminución progresiva en dicha orientación, tanto en las AP como en las AR, conforme aumenta la edad. En aquellos adolescentes que practican actividad física, la orientación hacia las actitudes es mayor que en adolescentes no practicantes. Como conclusión, las AP adquieren mayor importancia que las AR en los jóvenes adolescentes, siendo ambas mayores en chicos respecto a chicas y disminuyendo los valores de ambas conforme aumenta la edad. El conocimiento facilitado en este trabajo podría servir de apoyo para perfeccionar las diversas estrategias de promoción de la salud sobre las que asentar la adquisición de nuevos estilos de vida entre la población joven de una forma estable y duradera.The aim of this study was to know the attitudes toward the physical activity and sport practice oriented to health in a representative sample of Spanish adolescents. A descriptive cross-sectional study was implemented and the survey about behaviours, attitudes and values related to physical activity and sport practice developed in the AVENA study was used. The sample size was 2859 Spanish students from public and private secondary schools in 5 Spanish cities: Granada, Madrid, Murcia, Santander and Zaragoza. The main results verify that both boys and girls have a greater orientation towards process-related attitudes (PA) of physical activity and sport that outcome-related attitudes (AR) of the practice. In boys and girls, both AP and AR both genders, there is a progressive decrease when increasing the age. Adolescents who engaged in physical activity had higher levels of attitudes than non-practitioners. In conclusion, AP became more important than AR in young adolescents; both AP and AR were higher in boys than in girls and attitude values decreased with increasing age. The knowledge of attitudes might allow to develop effective and long-term successful intervention programmes for adopting healthy lifestyles in the current young peopl

Motivos de práctica de actividad física-deportiva en adolescentes españoles: Estudio Avena

Fundamentos: La práctica de actividad físico-deportiva es un medio ideal para la obtención de beneficios bio-psico-sociales en la salud de los jóvenes. El objetivo del estudio fue conocer los motivos de práctica de actividad físico-deportiva en una muestra representativa de adolescentes españoles. Métodos: Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal y se empleó la encuesta sobre comportamientos, actitudes y valores sobre actividad física y deportiva del Grupo AVENA. La muestra fueron 2.859 estudiantes, procedentes de centros públicos y privados de cinco ciudades españolas: Granada, Madrid, Murcia, Santander y Zaragoza. Resultados: La diversión, la realización de ejercicio físico, estar con los amigos y el gusto hacia la práctica son, en ese orden, los principales motivos señalados para realizar actividad físico-deportiva en el tiempo libre. El género y la edad modifican significativamente los motivos de práctica físicodeportiva

Motives of Doprout and Non Practice Physical Activity and Sport in Spanish Adolescents: The Avena Study

A pesar de los reconocidos beneficios físicos, psíquicos y sociales que la práctica de actividad físico-deportiva produce en la salud de los jóvenes, la prevalencia de abandono y falta de este tipo de actividades está mostrando un importante aumento a nivel mundial, particularmente en los países desarrollados. Se precisan actuaciones educativas inmediatas para frenar esta situación. El objetivo del estudio es analizar la expresión de interés hacia la actividad físico-deportiva atendiendo al nivel de participación de ésta, y conocer los motivos de abandono y no práctica en una muestra representativa de adolescentes españoles. Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal y se empleó la encuesta sobre comportamientos, actitudes y valores sobre actividad físico-deportiva del estudio AVENA (Alimentación y Valoración del Estado Nutricional en Adolescentes). La muestra fue de 2.859 adolescentes españoles (1.357 hombres, 1.502 mujeres; rango de edad: 13-18,5 años) y elegida de entre los escolares de Enseñanza Secundaria, procedentes tanto de centros públicos como privados de cinco ciudades españolas: Granada, Madrid, Murcia, Santander y Zaragoza. Los principales resultados verifican una elevada expresión de interés hacia la práctica físico-deportiva aunque casi la mitad de los adolescentes indican un nivel de participación insuficiente respecto a lo que realmente querrían practicar. La exigencia del estudio y la pereza y desgana suponen los principales motivos de abandono de la misma. Respecto a los motivos de no práctica, la falta de tiempo, seguido muy de lejos por la pereza, la falta de gusto hacia la misma y el cansancio por el estudio o trabajo. El género y la edad modifican significativamente la expresión de interés y los motivos de abandono y no práctica físico-deportiva. El conocimiento de estos motivos podría permitir desarrollar programas de intervención eficaces y duraderos en la adopción de estilos de vida saludables en los jóvenes.Despite the recognized physical, psychological and social benefits of physical and sport practice in the health of young people, prevalence of doprout and lack of such activities is increasing in developed countries. Interventions of different society institutions are required, being particularly relevant educational institutions. The aim of the study is to analyze the interest physical activity and sport regarding the level of participation in this practice and to know the reasons for abandoning and non practicing in a representative sample of Spanish adolescents. A descriptive cross-sectional study was implemented and the survey about behaviours, attitudes and values related to physical activity and sport practice, which was developed in the AVENA (Feeding and assessment of nutritional status of spanish adolescents) study. The sample size was 2859 Spanish adolescents (1.357 men, 1.502 women; age range: 13-18.5 years) and chosen from among students of secondary education, both from public and private schools in five Spanish cities: Granada, Madrid, Murcia, Santander and Zaragoza. The main results show a high level of interest about physical activity and sport practice although almost half of the adolescents show an insufficient level regarding the level that they would like to practice. The demanding school and laziness and reluctante are the main reasons for stop practicing. The reasons for no practicing are lack of time, and much further the laziness, lack of pleasure with the practice and tiredness because of the school or work. Gender and age modify significantly the interest and reasons for abandoning and non practicing physical activity and sports. The knowledge of these reasons could allow to develop effective and long-term successful intervention programmes for adopting healthy lifestyles in young people

Programme for Harmonization to the International Scale in Latin America for BCR-ABL1 quantification in CML patients: Findings and recommendations

The quantitation of BCR-ABL1 mRNA is mandatory for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients, and RT-qPCR is the most extensively used method in testing laboratories worldwide. Nevertheless, substantial variation in RT-qPCR results makes inter-laboratory comparability hard. To facilitate inter-laboratory comparative assessment, an international scale (IS) for BCR-ABL1 was proposed.The laboratory-specific conversion factor (CF) to the IS can be derived from the World Health Organization (WHO) genetic reference panel; however, this material is limited to the manufacturers to produce and calibrate secondary reference reagents. Therefore, we developed secondary reference calibrators, as lyophilized cellular material, aligned to the IS. Our purpose was both to re-evaluate the CF in 18 previously harmonized laboratories and to propagate the IS to new laboratories.Results Our field trial including 30 laboratories across Latin America showed that, after correction of raw BCR-ABL1/ABL1 ratios using CF, the relative mean bias was significantly reduced. We also performed a follow-up of participating laboratories by annually revalidating the process; our results support the need for continuous revalidation of CFs. All participating laboratories also received a calibrator to determine the limit of quantification (LOQ); 90% of them could reproducibly detect BCR-ABL1, indicating that these laboratories can report a consistent deep molecular response. In addition, aiming to investigate the variability of BCR-ABL1 measurements across different RNA inputs, we calculated PCR efficiency for each individual assay by using different amounts of RNA.Conclusions In conclusion, for the first time in Latin America, we have successfully organized a harmonization platform for BCR-ABL1 measurement that could be of immediate clinical benefit for monitoring the molecular response of patients in low-resource regions.Fil: Ruiz, María Sol. Fundación Cáncer. Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Sánchez, María Belén. Fundación Cáncer. Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas; ArgentinaFil: Vera Contreras, Yuly Masiel. Fundación Cáncer. Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas; ArgentinaFil: Agrielo, Evangelina. Laboratorio Especialidades Bioquímicas; ArgentinaFil: Alonso, Marta. Hospital Nacional Profesor Alejandro Posadas; ArgentinaFil: Altuna, María Eugenia. Clinica Roberto Raña; ArgentinaFil: Anchordoqui, María Sol. Argenomics; ArgentinaFil: Asinari, Mariana. Hospital Privado Centro Médico de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Bonetto, María Elisa. Hospital Rawson San Juan; ArgentinaFil: Camargo, Mauricio. Laboratorio Medellin; ColombiaFil: Giere, Isabel. Fundación Para Combatir la Leucemia; ArgentinaFil: González, Javier. Meyer Lab; ParaguayFil: Granda Alacote, Ana Cecilia. Laboratorios Medicos Lima; PerúFil: Guerra, Javier. Nanopharmacia Diagnóstica Mexico; MéxicoFil: Gutiérrez, Marina. Stamboulian; ArgentinaFil: Maldonado, Cecilia. Manlab; ArgentinaFil: Makiya, Ricard. No especifíca;Fil: Manrique, Gonzalo. Asociacion Española de Montevideo; UruguayFil: Monaco, María Eugenia. Laboratorio Tucuman; ArgentinaFil: Rozo, Juan Carlos. Unidad de Diagnóstico Hemato Oncológico; ColombiaFil: Santamaría Martín, Carlos Jose. Hospital de Niños San Jose de Costa Rica; Costa Rica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Seravalle, Analía. Civic Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Zea, Olga. Laboratorio Medellin Colombia; ColombiaFil: Zubillaga, María Noel. Asociación Española de Socorros Mutuos; UruguayFil: Mordoh, José. Fundación Cáncer. Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas; ArgentinaFil: Larripa, Irene Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Bianchini, Michele. Fundación Cáncer. Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Role of the first WHO mutation catalogue in the diagnosis of antibiotic resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the Valencia Region, Spain: a retrospective genomic analysis

9 páginas, 2 figuras, 1 tablaBackground: In June, 2021, WHO published the most complete catalogue to date of resistance-conferring mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Here, we aimed to assess the performance of genome-based antimicrobial resistance prediction using the catalogue and its potential for improving diagnostics in a real low-burden setting. Methods: In this retrospective population-based genomic study M tuberculosis isolates were collected from 25 clinical laboratories in the low-burden setting of the Valencia Region, Spain. Culture-positive tuberculosis cases reported by regional public health authorities between Jan 1, 2014, and Dec 31, 2016, were included. The drug resistance profiles of these isolates were predicted by the genomic identification, via whole-genome sequencing (WGS), of the high-confidence resistance-causing variants included in the catalogue and compared with the phenotype. We determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the isolates with discordant resistance profiles using the resazurin microtitre assay. Findings: WGS was performed on 785 M tuberculosis complex culture-positive isolates, and the WGS resistance prediction sensitivities were: 85·4% (95% CI 70·8–94·4) for isoniazid, 73·3% (44·9–92·2) for rifampicin, 50·0% (21·1–78·9) for ethambutol, and 57·1% (34·0–78·2) for pyrazinamide; all specificities were more than 99·6%. Sensitivity values were lower than previously reported, but the overall pan-susceptibility accuracy was 96·4%. Genotypic analysis revealed that four phenotypically susceptible isolates carried mutations (rpoB Leu430Pro and rpoB Ile491Phe for rifampicin and fabG1 Leu203Leu for isoniazid) known to give borderline resistance in standard phenotypic tests. Additionally, we identified three putative resistance-associated mutations (inhA Ser94Ala, katG Leu48Pro, and katG Gly273Arg for isoniazid) in samples with substantially higher MICs than those of susceptible isolates. Combining both genomic and phenotypic data, in accordance with the WHO diagnostic guidelines, we could detect two new multidrug-resistant cases. Additionally, we detected 11 (1·6%) of 706 isolates to be monoresistant to fluoroquinolone, which had been previously undetected. Interpretation: We showed that the WHO catalogue enables the detection of resistant cases missed in phenotypic testing in a low-burden region, thus allowing for better patient-tailored treatment. We also identified mutations not included in the catalogue, relevant at the local level. Evidence from this study, together with future updates of the catalogue, will probably lead in the future to the partial replacement of culture testing with WGS-based drug susceptibility testing in our setting. Funding: European Research Council and the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia.This project received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program Grant 101001038 (TB-RECONNECT; awarded to IC), from Ministerio de Ciencia (Spanish Government) Project PID2019-104477RB-I00 (awarded to IC), and from Generalitat Valenciana Project AICO/2018/113 (awarded to IC). AMG-M is funded by a Formación deProfesorado Universitario grant programme (FPU19/04562) from Ministerio de Universidades (Spanish Government). IC is also supported by the European Commission–NextGenerationEU, through Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Global Health Platform (PTI Salud Global). We thank all the members of the Valencia RegionTuberculosis Working Group

Population-based sequencing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis reveals how current population dynamics are shaped by past epidemics

23 páginas, 4 figuras, 1 tabla.Transmission is a driver of tuberculosis (TB) epidemics in high-burden regions, with assumed negligible impact in low-burden areas. However, we still lack a full characterization of transmission dynamics in settings with similar and different burdens. Genomic epidemiology can greatly help to quantify transmission, but the lack of whole genome sequencing population-based studies has hampered its application. Here, we generate a population-based dataset from Valencia region and compare it with available datasets from different TB-burden settings to reveal transmission dynamics heterogeneity and its public health implications. We sequenced the whole genome of 785 Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains and linked genomes to patient epidemiological data. We use a pairwise distance clustering approach and phylodynamic methods to characterize transmission events over the last 150 years, in different TB-burden regions. Our results underscore significant differences in transmission between low-burden TB settings, i.e., clustering in Valencia region is higher (47.4%) than in Oxfordshire (27%), and similar to a high-burden area as Malawi (49.8%). By modeling times of the transmission links, we observed that settings with high transmission rate are associated with decades of uninterrupted transmission, irrespective of burden. Together, our results reveal that burden and transmission are not necessarily linked due to the role of past epidemics in the ongoing TB incidence, and highlight the need for in-depth characterization of transmission dynamics and specifically tailored TB control strategies.European Research Council 638553-TB-ACCELERATE; European Research Council 101001038-TBRECONNECT; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación SAF2016-77346-RPeer reviewe