EL RESCATE BANCARIO: IMPORTANCIA Y EFECTOS SOBRE ALGUNOS SISTEMAS FINANCIEROS AFECTADOS

El objetivo de este artículo es realizar un análisis del impacto que ha tenido la grave crisis financiera que, desde finales de 2008, hace estragos sobre los sistemas crediticios de algunos de los países que han precisado un rescate para sus sistemas bancarios; en concreto, para España, Alemania, Irlanda, Islandia y Estados Unidos. Para ello, y después de exponer los principales mecanismos de ayuda utilizados en cada uno de ellos, así como su importancia en el conjunto de sus economías, se presentarán los principales cambios que han sufrido sus sistemas bancarios, para lo cual se ha realizado un análisis de la evolución de algunos de sus datos económico-financieros más relevantes y de diversos indicadores de servicio bancario

Calidad, innovación e investigación: prioridades clave de la política educativa actual.

La educación constituye uno de los pilares básicos de la igualdad de oportunidades. Este concepto presenta innegables similitudes y sólidas relaciones con el denominado Estado del Bienestar, cuyo objetivo prioritario es proveer de los incentivos necesarios para mantener altas tasas de ocupación y de actividad y conseguir que el riesgo de pobreza sea relativamente bajo en una sociedad. Por ello, los programas en favor de la educación y la formación son un área de actuación prioritaria por parte de la Unión Europea, que considera que el acceso generalizado de la población a una educación y formación de calidad constituye un motor del crecimiento económico, la cohesión social, la investigación y la innovación, además de aumentar significativamente las perspectivas de desarrollo personal de los ciudadanos. Paralelamente, la garantía de una educación inclusiva y equitativa de calidad y la promoción de oportunidades de aprendizaje permanente para todos, constituye uno de los diecisiete objetivos de desarrollo sostenible de la “Agenda 2030”. No obstante, las instituciones de enseñanza tienen que evolucionar y adaptarse para cumplir la misión esencial de formar a los estudiantes para que tengan éxito en un mundo complejo e interconectado que se enfrenta a rápidos cambios tecnológicos, culturales, económicos y demográficos. Por este motivo, este trabajo reivindica la necesidad de incorporar nuevos métodos de enseñanza que hagan más atractiva la actividad docente, así como más cercana a los estudiantes, pues la escuela debe estar inmersa en la realidad actual de los alumnos, quienes desde edades muy tempranas tienen contacto directo con las nuevas tecnologías. Se trata de la generación de la era digital, por lo que los docentes 2 debemos renovarnos, tanto en habilidades como en metodologías, que disminuyan la brecha entre la escuela y la sociedad y que atraigan al alumnado, aumentando su motivación y su preparación para el nuevo mercado laboral, donde las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación son esenciales, y suponen un importante motor de crecimiento económico de las regionesEducation is one of the basic pillars of equal opportunity. This This concept has undeniable similarities and strong links with the so-called Welfare State, whose main objective is to provide the necessary incentives Welfare State, whose primary objective is to provide the necessary incentives to maintain high rates of employment and to maintain high rates of employment and activity and to ensure that the risk of poverty is relatively low in a society. relatively low risk of poverty in a society. For this reason, programs in favor of education and training are a priority area of action for the European Union. European Union, which considers that widespread access to quality education and training for the to quality education and training is a driver of economic growth, social cohesion, social cohesion, economic development social cohesion, research and innovation, as well as significantly increasing the prospects for personal significantly increase people's prospects for personal development. At the same time, ensuring inclusive and equitable quality education and the promotion of lifelong and equitable quality education and the promotion of lifelong learning opportunities for all, is one of the 17 Sustainable Development seventeen sustainable development goals of the "2030 Agenda". However, educational institutions need to evolve and adapt in order to fulfill the essential mission of the essential mission of educating students to succeed in a complex and interconnected world that is facing complex and interconnected world facing rapid technological, cultural, economic and demographic changes, economic and demographic changes. For this reason, this paper argues for the need to new teaching methods that make the teaching activity more attractive and closer to the students, as well as closer to the students, and closer to the students, since the school must be immersed in the current reality of the students, who, from the reality of students, who from a very early age have direct contact with new technologies. with new technologies. This is the generation of the digital era, which is why teachers have to be immersed in today's reality. 2 We must renew ourselves, both in terms of skills and methodologies, in order to reduce the gap between school and society, and to the gap between school and society and that attract students, increasing their motivation and preparation for the new motivation and preparation for the new labor market, where information and communication technologies are essential, and where and communication technologies are essential, and are an important driver of economic growth in the regions. economic growth of the region

Nutritional quality of the most consumed varieties of raw and cooked rice in Spain submitted to an in vitro digestion model

Rice is one of the most consumed staple foods around the world and its trade is highly globalized. Increased environmental pollution generates a large amount of waste that, in many cases, is discarded close to culture fields. Some species are able to bioaccumulate toxic substances, such as metals, that could be transferred to the food chain. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the content of metallic (Al, Cd, Pb, and Cr) and metalloid elements (As) in 14 of the most consumed varieties of rice in Spain and their effects on human health. The samples were cooked, and human digestion was simulated by using a standard in vitro digestion method. Metallic and metalloid element levels were analysed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICPOES), previous called microwave digestion. Both the human health risk index, Hazard Quotient, and Lifetime Cancer Risk did not show toxic values in any case. Rice with a higher non-digestible fraction showed a higher liberation of proteins and a lower glycemic index. There were no significant differences in the concentrations of metallic and metalloid elements in cooked rice or in the digestible fraction in all varieties analysed. However, Al concentrations were higher than other metals in all varieties studied due to its global distribution. No relationship has been observed between the digestibility of rice and the bioaccessibility of each metallic and metalloid element. All of the studied rice varieties are healthy food products and its daily consumption is safe. The regular monitoring of metals and As in rice consumed in Spain may contribute to improvements in the human health risk evaluation.Universidad de Sevilla VIPPIT-2021-I.

Assessing the Growth of Ethical Banking: Some Evidence from Spanish Customers

Aristotle, who, having predated Adam Smith by 2000 years, deserves to be recognized as the world’s first economist (Solomon, 1995), distinguished between two different senses of what we call economics: oikonomikos, or household trading, which he approved of and considered essential to the working of any even slightly complex society, and chrematisike, or trade for profit, which he considered selfish and utterly devoid of virtue, calling those who engaged in such practices “parasites”. Of course, consumers do not purchase and invest for solely economic reasons (Polanyi, 1944). Interest in ethics in economics has been the subject of continuous study. In this regard, the recent financial crisis has had not only economic, but also social, psychological, political, and ethical consequences, which have impacted the financial and banking system. Consumers are no longer drawn only by the economic return but also by ethical factors. Ethical banking is on the rise. This paper aims to explain the reasons for the growth in ethical banking and to answer the following questions: can banking consumers-investors change the characterization of the banking system? Can ethical banking gain ground on traditional banking? And is ethical banking really effective? To this end, it will examine the Spanish case, using econometric causal regression models to identify the reasons why consumers decide to invest in ethical banking and determine its role in the Spanish economy.Aristóteles, que merece ser reconocido como el primer economista (dos mil años antes de Adam Smith) distinguió entre dos acepciones diferentes de lo que denominamos economía. Una era el oikonomíkos o comercio doméstico, que aprobaba y consideraba esencial para el funcionamiento de cualquier sociedad incluso poco compleja, y otra el chrematisike que es el comercio para el lucro. Aristóteles consideraba esta actividad totalmente desprovista de virtud y denominaba «parásitos» a quienes se dedicaban a estas prácticas puramente egoístas. Es importante tener en cuenta que el consumidor no sólo compra o invierte por motivación económica (Polanyi , 1944). El interés por la ética en la economía ha sido objeto de análisis continuo. La reciente crisis financiera ha traído consecuencias no solo económicas, sino también sociales, psicológicas, políticas y éticas. Esto ha impactado en el sistema financiero y bancario. El consumidor ya no solo se siente atraído por la rentabilidad económica sino también por factores éticos. La banca ética gana protagonismo. En este trabajo se intenta explicar las razones del crecimiento de la banca ética y dar respuesta a los siguientes interrogantes: ¿El consumidor-inversor bancario puede provocar un cambio en la caracterización del sistema bancario?, ¿la banca ética puede ganar posiciones a la banca tradicional?, ¿es realmente efectiva? Para ello, realizaremos un estudio del caso español, identificando porque el consumidor ha decidido invertir en banca ética y el papel de ésta en la economía española, a través de modelos econométricos de regresión causal

Trabectedin plus radiotherapy for advanced soft-tissue sarcoma: experience in forty patients treated at a sarcoma reference center

Symptomatic control and tumoral shrinkage is an unmet need in advanced soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) patients beyond first-line. The combination of trabectedin and radiotherapy showed activity in a recently reported clinical trial in this setting. This retrospective series aims to analyze our experience with the same regimen in the real-life setting. We retrospectively reviewed advanced sarcoma patients treated with trabectedin concomitantly with radiotherapy with palliative intent. Growth-modulation index (GMI) was calculated as a surrogate of efficacy. Forty metastatic patients were analyzed. According to RECIST, there was one (2.5%) complete response, 12 (30%) partial responses, 18 (45%) disease stabilizations, and nine (22.5%) progressions. After a median follow-up of 15 months (range 2–38), median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 7.5 months (95% CI 2.8–12.2) and 23.5 months (95% CI 1.1–45.8), respectively. Median GMI was 1.42 (range 0.19–23.76), and in 16 (53%) patients, it was >1.33. In patients with GMI >1.33, median OS was significantly longer than in those with GMI 0–1.33 (median OS 52.1 months (95% CI not reached) vs. 8.9 months (95% CI 6.3–11.6), p = 0.028). The combination of trabectedin plus radiotherapy is an active therapeutic option in patients with advanced STS, especially when tumor shrinkage for symptomatic relief is neede

Adsorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by natural, synthetic and modified clays

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are of major scientific concern owing to their widespread presence in environmental compartments and their potential toxicological effects on humans and biota. In this study, the adsorption capacity of natural (montmorillonite (Mt)), synthetic (Na-Mica-4), and modified (with octadecylamine and octadecyltrimethylamine (ODA-Mt, ODA-Mica-4, and ODTMA-Mt and ODTMA-Mica-4)) clays were assessed and compared for the removal of 16 PAHs. Materials were synthesized and characterized by X-Ray diffraction, Zeta potential, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The results showed its correct preparation and the incorporation of PAHs in the structure of the clays after the adsorption tests. The proposed materials were effective PAH adsorbents, with adsorption percentages close to 100%, in particular those using Mt. Mt and Na-Mica-4 presented a better adsorption capacity than their organofunctionalized derivatives, indicating that the adsorption of PAHs may occur both in the surface part and in the interlayer. The proposed adsorbents take the advantage of being a low cost and highly effective. They can be an interesting alternative for wastewater treatment and soil remediation to prevent PAH contamination.Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness CTM2017-82778-

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus impacts on gut microbiome in a strain virulence‐dependent fashion

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a viral disease defined by reproductive problems, respiratory distress and a negative impact on growth rate and general condition. Virulent PRRS virus (PRRSV) strains have emerged in the last years with evident knowledge gaps in their impact on the host immune response. Thus, the present study examines the impact of acute PRRS virus (PRRSV) infection, with two strains of different virulence, on selected immune parameters and on the gut microbiota composition of infected pigs using 16S rRNA compositional sequencing. Pigs were infected with a low virulent (PRRS_3249) or a virulent (Lena) PRRSV‐1 strain and euthanized at 1, 3, 6, 8 or 13 days post‐inoculation (dpi). Faeces were collected from each animal at the necropsy time‐point. Alpha and beta diversity analyses demonstrated that infection, particularly with the Lena strain, impacted the microbiome composition from 6 dpi onwards. Taxonomic differences revealed that infected pigs had higher abundance of Treponema and Methanobrevibacter (FDR < 0.05). Differences were more considerable for Lena‐ than for PRRS_3249‐infected pigs, showing the impact of strain virulence in the intestinal changes. Lena‐infected pigs had reduced abundancies of anaerobic commensals such as Roseburia, Anaerostipes, Butyricicoccus and Prevotella (P < 0.05). The depletion of these desirable commensals was significantly correlated to infection severity measured by viraemia, clinical signs, lung lesions and immune parameters (IL‐6, IFN‐γ and Hp serum levels). Altogether, the results from this study demonstrate the indirect impact of PRRSV infection on gut microbiome composition in a strain virulence‐dependent fashion and its association with selected immune markers.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus impacts on gut microbiome in a strain virulence‐dependent fashion

[EN] Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a viral disease defined by reproductive problems, respiratory distress and a negative impact on growth rate and general condition. Virulent PRRS virus (PRRSV) strains have emerged in the last years with evident knowledge gaps in their impact on the host immune response. Thus, the present study examines the impact of acute PRRS virus (PRRSV) infection, with two strains of different virulence, on selected immune parameters and on the gut microbiota composition of infected pigs using 16S rRNA compositional sequencing. Pigs were infected with a low virulent (PRRS_3249) or a virulent (Lena) PRRSV-1 strain and euthanized at 1, 3, 6, 8 or 13 days post-inoculation (dpi). Faeces were collected from each animal at the necropsy time-point. Alpha and beta diversity analyses demonstrated that infection, particularly with the Lena strain, impacted the microbiome composition from 6 dpi onwards. Taxonomic differences revealed that infected pigs had higher abundance of Treponema and Methanobrevibacter (FDR < 0.05). Differences were more considerable for Lena- than for PRRS_3249-infected pigs, showing the impact of strain virulence in the intestinal changes. Lena-infected pigs had reduced abundancies of anaerobic commensals such as Roseburia, Anaerostipes, Butyricicoccus and Prevotella (P < 0.05). The depletion of these desirable commensals was significantly correlated to infection severity measured by viraemia, clinical signs, lung lesions and immune parameters (IL-6, IFN-γ and Hp serum levels). Altogether, the results from this study demonstrate the indirect impact of PRRSV infection on gut microbiome composition in a strain virulence-dependent fashion and its association with selected immune markersSIJ. G omez-Laguna is supported by a ‘Ram on y Cajal’ contract of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (RYC-2014-16735). Hector Arg€uello is supported by the ‘Beatriz Galindo’ Programme from the Spanish Ministry of Education (BEAGAL-18-106). This work was partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (AGL2016-76111-R). Research in the Cotter laboratory is funded by Science Foundation Ireland in the form of a centre grants (APC Microbiome Ireland, Grant Number SFI/12/RC/2273, and Vistamilk, Grant Number SFI/16/RC/3835) and by the European Commission under the Horizon 2020 programme under grant number 818368 (MASTER

Tratamiento sostenible de aguas contaminadas: materiales adsorbentes de diseño en la inmovilización de contaminantes orgánicos

En este trabajo se evalúa la eficacia de dos nuevos materiales adsorbentes, una mica de alta carga expansible (Na-Mica-4) y un filosilicato derivado del anterior con cationes de octadecilamonio (C18-Mica-4), para la eliminación de un grupo de compuestos orgánicos persistentes. Los materiales fueron caracterizados por difracción de rayos-X, potencial Z y análisis termogravimétrico. Se determinaron las condiciones óptimas de operación para la correcta eliminación de los contaminantes. Se ensayaron variables como tiempo de adsorción, efecto salino o pH del medio. Las mejores condiciones obtenidas para la eliminación significativa (70-100%) de los contaminantes, se dieron para el filosilicato C18-Mica-4 en un tiempo de 24 horas. Además, se observó una correlación significativa entre las propiedades fisicoquímicas de los contaminantes y la adsorción sobre el material. Este estudio pone de manifiesto el potencial de estos materiales para su utilización en el tratamiento industrial de aguas afectadas por diferentes tipos de contaminación.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España) CTM2017-82778-