Life history traits influence in gonad composition of two sympatric species of flatfish

Paralichthys orbignyanus and Paralichthys patagonicus are flatfish with different life history traits, having in common the condition of breeding in seawater. Paralichthys patagonicus remain their whole life in open seawater and Paralichthys orbignyanus are sometimes found in brackish water bodies. As marine and estuarine food webs have different fatty acid (FA) compositions, the aim of this study was to characterize the gonadal maturation of P. orbignyanus and P. patagonicus females through the analysis of lipid content and FA profile in order to understand to what extent life history traits are reflected in the ovarian composition. During gonadal maturation lipid content increased and FA profiles changed in both species, but the lipid increase was greater in P. orbignyanus. The N-3FA and n-3HUFA proportions increased in both species but were higher in P. orbignyanus. The differences between the lifestyles of these species were reflected in the ovarian FA profile mainly as a result of differences in their FA metabolism, causing a greater accumulation of n-3FA and n-3HUFA in P. orbignyanus than in P. patagonicus. The higher lipid accumulation in P. orbignyanus’ ovaries could indicate that this species, feeding in brackish water bodies, has the possibility of storing more energy than P. patagonicus.Paralichthys patagonicus e Paralichthys orbignyanusapresentam diferentes atributos nas suas histórias de vida, embora ambas se reproduzam no mar. Paralichthys patagonicus permanece toda a vida em águas abertas, enquanto P. orbignyanus é comumente encontrado em corpos de água salobra. Considerando que redes alimentares marinhas e estuarinas têm diferente composição de ácidos graxos (FA), o objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a maturação gonadal de fêmeas de P. orbignyanus e P. patagonicus analisando o conteúdo lipídico e perfil FA, a fim de estabelecer se as diferenças nas histórias de vida são refletidas na composição do ovário. Durante a maturação gonadal, em ambas as espécies, houve aumento do teor lipídico e o perfil FA mudou, mas o incremento foi maior em orbignyanus. As proporções de N-3FA e n-3HUFA aumentaram em ambas as espécies, mas foram maiores em P. orbignyanus. As diferenças entre os estilos de vida destas espécies foram refletidas no perfil de FA dos ovários, principalmente como resultado das diferenças no metabolismo de FA, causando maior acúmulo de n-3FA e n-3HUFA em P. orbignyanus. O maior acúmulo de lipídios nos ovários de P. orbignyanus poderia indicar que esta espécie, ao se alimentar em águas salobras, tem a possibilidade de armazenar mais energia do que P. patagonicus

Seasonal characterization of the diet and fatty acids profiles of juvenile Paralichthys orbignyanus (Jenyns, 1842)

Conocer la dieta de las especies y su variación temporal aporta a la comprensión de las relaciones tróficas y del rol de las especies en los ambientes. Los estuarios se caracterizan por presentar alta disponibilidad de alimento y refugio, constituyendo así áreas de cría para muchas especies acuáticas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar la dieta de los juveniles de P. orbignyanus y su variación durante un año mediante el análisis del contenido estomacal y de marcadores lipídicos. Para ello se colectaron 78 juveniles de P. orbignyanus en el arroyo Valizas entre marzo y noviembre de 2012. La dieta estuvo compuesta mayoritariamente por poliquetos y misidiáceos, y no mostró diferencias significativas a lo largo del año (p>0,05). Sin embargo, en un análisis de correspondencia se observó que en mayo los poliquetos fueron dominantes, mientras que en noviembre predominaron los misidiáceos. Además, el perfil de ácidos grasos de los peces presentó una segregación temporal en la mayoría de las campañas, reflejando las variaciones estacionales de la dieta. El estudio del perfil de ácidos grasos de las presas permitirá realizar estimaciones cuantitativas más precisas de la dieta, ya que esta herramienta permite identificar presas de cuerpo blando, difíciles de detectar con otras metodologías.The refuge and high food availability found in estuaries turn them into nursery areas for many aquatic animals. In such environments, seasonal variation of prey availability also occurs. Knowledge on species diet composition and their temporal variations, contributes to the understanding of trophic interactions and the role that the species play in the ecosystem. Fatty acids (FA) serve as an approximation to detect temporal variation of the diet, since consumers FAreflect their prey FA. The objectives of this study were the analysis of the temporal variation of storage lipids' FAprofiles of juvenile Paralichthys orbignyanus,and the characterization of their diet and its seasonal variation throughout an annual cycle assessed by stomach contents. Juvenile flatfish (n=78) were collected in the Valizas stream from March to November 2012. Diet of P. orbignyanuswas mainly composed of polychaetes and misidiaceans, and the relative importance index did not varied significantly throughout the year (p>0.05). However, a correspondence analysis showed a dominance of polychaetes consumption in May and misidiaceans in November. Atemporal diet segregation in almost all seasons was observed through the analysis of fish fatty acid profiles, reflecting the seasonal variations of the diet

Description of amino acid and fatty acid content during initial development of Lophiosilurus alexandri (Siluriformes: Pseudopimelodidae), a carnivorous freshwater catfish

Samples of eggs, newly hatched larvae (NHL), and larvae at the end of the lecithotrophic period (eight days after hatching) (LPL) of Lophiosilurus alexandri were collected to determine the amino acid and fatty acid profiles. Crude protein did not change throughout initial development and the concentration of lipids was highest in NHL. The content of the indispensable amino acids (IAA) isoleucine, leucine, and valine decreased in LPL, while in eggs and NHL they remained high and similar in value. The dispensable amino acids (DAA), such as aspartic acid, tyrosine, and glycine, increased in LPL, while alanine decreased. The percentage of neutral lipids increased in LPL. The saturated fatty acid content decreased during ontogeny, while monounsaturated fatty acids decreased only in LPL. The polyunsaturated fatty acid content was highest in LP. Polar fatty acids were found in higher percentages in eggs and NHL, but lower in LPL. Saturated fatty acid content decreased during ontogenetic development, while that of monounsaturated fatty acids decreased only in LPL. Polyunsaturated fatty acid content was highest in LPL. Protein content was maintained during ontogenetic development, while amino acid classes experienced changes. Lophiosilurus alexandri preferentially uses saturated and monosaturated fatty acids as an energy source during its early development.Amostras de ovos, larvas recém-eclodidas (NHL) e larvas no final do período lecitotrófico (oito dias após a incubação)(LPL) de Lophiosilurus alexandri foram coletadas para determinar os perfis de aminoácidos e ácidos graxos. A proteína bruta não alterou durante o desenvolvimento inicial e a concentração de lipídios foi maior na NHL. O conteúdo dos aminoácidos indispensáveis (IAA) isoleucina, leucina e valina diminuíram em LPL, enquanto nos ovos e NHL eles permaneceram com valores elevados e semelhantes entre si. Os aminoácidos dispensáveis (DAA), como ácido aspártico, tirosina e glicina,aumentaram em LPL, enquanto a alanina diminuiu. A porcentagem de lipídios neutros aumentou em LPL. O teor de ácidos graxos saturados diminuiu durante a ontogenia, enquanto os ácidos graxos monoinsaturados diminuíram apenas em LPL. O teor de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados foi maior em LPL. Os ácidos graxos polares foram encontrados em porcentagens mais altas em ovos e NHL, e menores em LPL. O teor de ácidos graxos saturados reduziu durante o desenvolvimento ontogenético,enquanto que os ácidos graxos monoinsaturados diminuíram apenas em LPL. O teor de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados foi maior em LPL. O conteúdo de proteínas foi mantido durante o desenvolvimento ontogenético, enquanto as classes de aminoácidos sofreram mudanças. Lophiosilurus alexandri usa preferencialmente ácidos graxos saturados e monossaturados como fonte de energia durante o desenvolvimento inicial

Coping with suboptimal water temperature: modifications in blood parameters, body composition, and postingestive-driven diet selection in Nile tilapia fed two vegetable oil blends

The world tilapia production faces seasonal variations. However, very few nutritional studies have addressed suboptimal temperature. We evaluated the effect of two temperatures (20 or 30 °C) and two vegetable oil blends (one rich in corn oil (COR) and one rich linseed oil (LIN)) on tilapia growth, body composition, and blood parameters using a 2 × 2 factorial design with the following treatments: COR-20; LIN-20; COR-30; LIN-30 (Trial 1). In addition, we also evaluated the effect of postingestive signals of dietary oils when the organoleptic properties of diets were isolated (Trial 2). In the Trial 1, 256 fish (15.36 ± 0.14 g) were placed in 16 aquariums and submitted during 30 days to the 2 × 2 factorial designs: COR-20; LIN-20; COR-30; LIN-30. The temperatures were established in two independent water recirculation systems. In the Trial 2, 96 fish (34.02 ± 0.79 g) were placed in 12 aquariums and subjected to the same experimental design of Trial 1, but to evaluate fish feeding behavior. They were allowed to select the encapsulated diets provided in different feeding halls to evaluate if diet preferences are influenced by postingestive signals. As the Trial 1 results show, diets had no significant effects on growth, dietary protein use, and body centesimal composition, but 30 °C induced the best performance and protein deposition (P < 0.05). LIN-20 showed lower very-low-density lipoprotein and cortisol, but higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and triglycerides (TG) than COR-20 (P < 0.05). COR-30 presented higher HDL, AST, ALT, TG, and cortisol than LIN-30. The fish fed COR showed lower C20:5n-3 (EPA) and higher n-6 than fish fed LIN (P < 0.05). The fish fed LIN had high n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid. ∑ polyunsaturated fatty acid was higher at 30 °C. Finally, the tilapia in Trial 2 showed clear diet intake regulation and preference for LIN (P < 0.05), regardless of temperature. In short, lipid sources had no influence on tilapia performance; however, temperature affects carcass lipid deposition as well as fatty acids profile. Notably, the preference for linseed oil can suggest nutritional metabolic issues, contributing to animal behavior knowledge

Lipid content and fatty acid dynamics of female muscle, oocytes and larvae of Prochilodus argenteus (Spix & Agassiz, 1829)

This work aimed to determine fatty acid dynamics and lipid composition of female muscle, oocytes, newly hatched larvae (NHL) and first feeding larvae (FFL) of Prochilodus argenteus. Oocytes and NHL had the highest percentages of total lipids. Neutral lipids (NL) and polar lipids (PL) remained constant from oocytes through the larval stages (P < 0.05). Among NL, C18:2n 6 had its highest percentage in muscle (P < 0.05) and C18:3n 3 in muscle and oocytes. The highest percentages of arachidonic acid (AA) were in muscle and FFL. The highest percentages of n-9 and n-6 series were in muscle. The highest values of n-3HUFA were in the larval stages while the highest of n-6HUFA were in muscle and FFL. Percentage of ∑SFA in LN was highest in oocytes, NHL and FFL (P < 0.05) while ∑MUFA was highest in muscle, oocytes and NHL. The highest percentages of ∑PUFA were in muscle and FFL. For PL, however, C18:2n 6 and AA were highest in muscle (P < 0.05) while eicosapentaenoic acid was highest in muscle and oocytes. Percentage of ∑SFA in LP was highest in NHL and lowest in FFL and muscle. The highest percentage of ∑MUFA was in oocytes, NHL and FFL (P < 0.05). The highest percentages for series n-9 were in oocytes and FFL (P < 0.05), while the highest percentages for series n-6 were in muscle and oocytes. The lowest percentage for n-6HUFA was in NHL. The n-3 fatty acids were incorporated into the yolk from body reserves, which were stored prior to vitellogenesis and mobilized to the oocytes. The increase in docosahexaenoic acid reflects the ability of the species to lengthen and desaturate C18:3n 3 yielding n-3HUFA, thus demonstrating the importance of this fatty acid during early development

Oceanografía biológica de Cabo Polonio: apuntes sobre investigaciones recientes

Los resultados presentados en esta publicación se enmarcan dentro del proyecto financiado por ANII, código: ANII_FCE_2017_136372.Oceanografía biológica de Cabo Polonio: apuntes sobre investigaciones recientes ofrece una muy rápida recorrida por los orígenes de la oceanografía como área del conocimiento científico y las actividades que investigadores de la Facultad de Ciencias y del Centro Universitario Regional Este, ambos de la Universidad de la República, desarrollan en la zona marina costera de Cabo Polonio. Cabo Polonio es interesante desde diversos puntos de vista: histórico, arqueológico, sociológico, paisajístico, ecológico. Durante el siglo XX fue epicentro de la explotación de la mayor población de lobos marinos del Atlántico Sur. Rastros de ese pasado se conservan en la infraestructura de la Base que alojaba a los trabajadores: comedor-cocina, galpones y dormitorios, caldera industrial y un gran bote a remo; implementos para la faena: garrotes, cuchillas, estaqueaderos de cueros... Aún es posible encontrar en ciertos boliches o almacenes del Cabo a veteranos de aquellas lides y - con un poco de suerte - aprender sus historias. El valor paisajístico de Cabo Polonio ha impulsado el crecimiento del centro poblado gracias al influjo del turismo estival y de no pocos que llegaron de visita y decidieron quedarse. Esto plantea enormes desafíos para la conservación de un sitio que no dispone de facilidades como agua potable y saneamiento, electricidad, caminería y cuya biodiversidad - uno de sus grandes atractivos - es muy sensible a cambios en el paisaje. La biodiversidad es uno de los elementos que llevó a incluir a Cabo Polonio en el Sistema Nacional de Areas Protegidas. Sin embargo, el conocimiento de la fauna y flora marinas, así como de los procesos bio-físicos que sustentan esa biodiversidad son muy poco conocidos. El trabajo que aquí se presenta busca contribuir a dicho conocimiento e - indirectamente- al buen uso y manejo del sitio

Relevamiento de carbono en suelos de sistemas productivos de Argentina, con énfasis en Mesopotamia

Se analizó la capacidad de distintos usos de la tierra de almacenar carbono orgánico en los primeros 30cm de suelo (COS) en las provincias que conforman la Región Mesopotámica, trabajo realizado en el marco del relevamiento nacional sobre el contenido de COS de plantaciones forestales. La cantidad de datos de COS de los usos de la tierra más comunes de la región revela la necesidad de incrementar la información en algunos de ellos para poder establecer el impacto sobre dichas reservas de carbono. En promedio, el COS fue de 51,7, 52,1 y 72,6 Mg/ha para Entre Ríos, Corrientes y Misiones, respectivamente. Mientras que no se determinaron diferencias significativas en el COS entre los usos de la tierra en las provincias de Misiones y Corrientes, en Entre Ríos el COS promedio de las líneas base fue mayor que los otros usos, mostrando valores intermedios y bajos de COS en las plantaciones forestales, destacándose E. grandis con respecto a E. dunnii y P. taeda. No se encontraron relaciones significativas entre la acumulación de COS y la edad de las forestaciones, aunque se discuten algunas inferencias a partir del manejo actual de las forestaciones.EEA MontecarloFil: Gyenge, Javier. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Agencia de Extensión Rural Tandil; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible; Argentina.Fil: Lupi, Ana Maria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; ArgentinaFil: Gatica, Gabriel. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Centro de Investigaciones en Física e Ingeniería del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Sandoval, Martín. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales. Laboratorio de Investigación de Sistemas Ecológicos y Ambientales; Argentina.Fil: Gaute, Matías. Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería y Pesca. Dirección Nacional de Desarrollo Foresto Industrial. Área SIG e Inventario Forestal; Argentina.Fil: Flores Palenzona, Mario. Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería y Pesca de la Nación. Dirección Nacional de Desarrollo Foresto Industrial; ArgentinaFil: García, María. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concordia; ArgentinaFil: Zabala, Juan P. Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería y Pesca. Dirección Nacional de Desarrollo Foresto Industrial; ArgentinaFil: Bessonart, Sebastián. Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería y Pesca. Dirección Nacional de Desarrollo Foresto Industrial; ArgentinaFil: Caniza, Federico Javier. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bella Vista; ArgentinaFil: Falconier, Marcelo. Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería y Pesca de la Nación. Dirección Nacional de Desarrollo Foresto Industrial; ArgentinaFil: D'Ángelo, Marina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Centro Regional Misiones; ArgentinaFil: Von Wallis, Alejandra. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Montecarlo; ArgentinaFil: Figueredo, Elsa I. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Montecarlo; ArgentinaFil: Costa, Marcos. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Montecarlo; ArgentinaFil: Aquino, Diego Rolando. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Montecarlo; Argentin

Life history traits influence in gonad composition of two sympatric species of flatfish

AbstractParalichthys orbignyanus and Paralichthys patagonicus are flatfish with different life history traits, having in common the condition of breeding in seawater. Paralichthys patagonicus remain their whole life in open seawater and Paralichthys orbignyanus are sometimes found in brackish water bodies. As marine and estuarine food webs have different fatty acid (FA) compositions, the aim of this study was to characterize the gonadal maturation of P. orbignyanus and P. patagonicus females through the analysis of lipid content and FA profile in order to understand to what extent life history traits are reflected in the ovarian composition. During gonadal maturation lipid content increased and FA profiles changed in both species, but the lipid increase was greater in P. orbignyanus. The N-3FA and n-3HUFA proportions increased in both species but were higher in P. orbignyanus. The differences between the lifestyles of these species were reflected in the ovarian FA profile mainly as a result of differences in their FA metabolism, causing a greater accumulation of n-3FA and n-3HUFA in P. orbignyanus than in P. patagonicus. The higher lipid accumulation in P. orbignyanus’ ovaries could indicate that this species, feeding in brackish water bodies, has the possibility of storing more energy than P. patagonicus

La experiencia de la salud electrónica en la Federación Médica del Interior del Uruguay

Incluye bibliografíaEste documento forma parte de una serie de publicaciones destinadas a difundir requerimientos y experiencias de aplicación de tecnologías de la información y comunicaciones (TIC) en el ámbito sanitario. Su objetivo es proporcionar información de utilidad a los tomadores de decisión y contribuir al diseño de políticas y estrategias en salud electrónica (Salud-e) destinadas a reducir las brechas de acceso y calidad que afecta a las poblaciones más vulnerables, así como mejorar la efectividad y la eficiencia de la gestión de los sistemas de salud

Fishmeal substitution for Arthrospira platensis in juvenile mullet (Mugil liza) and its effects on growth and non-specific immune parameters

Background: Cyanobacterium Athrospira platensis (Spirulina) is a potential fishmeal (FM) substitute in fish diets because of its high protein content, antioxidant and immunostimulant properties. Objective: To evaluate the effects of total and partial substitution of FM with A. platensis (0, 30, 50, 70 and 100% substitution) in juvenile mullet (Mugil liza). Methods: Juvenile mullets (n=210) were maintained in a recirculation system under optimal water parameters for the species. Mullets were fed five experimental diets for 80 days. Each diet was tested in triplicate tanks. At the end of the experimental period growth parameters were measured and samples of blood, liver and spleen were taken to evaluate the immune system. Results: Full replacement (100%) of FM resulted in growth deficits and low survival. The FM replacement induced changes in the proportion of macrophages and lymphocytes. Up to 50% FM replacement increased the expression of CD3 receptors in spleen T lymphocytes (T-Cells), whereas >50% FM replacement decreased the expression of CD3 receptors. We also found that partial FM substitution diminished the apoptotic process. Conclusions: Up to 50% FM substitution with A. platensis can improve performance of non-specific immune system of mullets