L’E-gouvernement, et développement de l’écosystème administrative vers la transition numérique : étude de l’impact de la satisfaction sur le choix de service.

Résumé L’E-gouvernement, consiste un défi majeur pour le développement économique d’un territoire, à travers la numérisation de l’écosystème administrative et gardant sa connectivité sur les réseaux internationaux, dressant le bon chemin vers l’information, et facilité l’accès au virtuel passons d’un concept traditionnel Humain to Humain à Machine to Humain.Dans cette perspective conceptuelle du gouvernement électronique que manifeste cet article, nous allons travailler sur une analyse des variables qualitatives, à partir d’une étude exploratoire reproduit sur terrain et diffuser en ligne, afin de modéliser l’algorithme de réponse, traduisant l’hypothèse de départ qui porte sur l’impact de la satisfaction sur le choix du service administratif.Le résultat de cette recherche exploratoire, en utilisant les logiciels d’analyse des données, a pour objectif de mesurer les variables et leurs impacts sur le choix vers la transition numérique ou restant incarnée dans le modèle classique Humain au service de l’Humain. Mots clés : E-gouvernement- Développement Economique- Ecosystème administrative.Classification JEL : M15, P35 , Q58 AbstractE-government, and development of the administrative ecosystem towards the digital transition: study of the impact of satisfaction on service choice. E-government consist a major challenge for the economic development of a territory, through the numerization of the administrative ecosystem by keeping its connectivity on international networks, and drawing the right path to information, in case to facilitate the access to the virtual from a traditional concept Human to Human to Machine to Human.However, our conceptual perspective of e-government postponed on that research paper, we will analyze qualitative variables, by adopting an exploratory structure reproduced in the field and shared online, in order to model the response algorithm, translating the starting hypothesis in which we study the impact of satisfaction on the choice of administrative service.The result of this exploratory research, using data analysis software, aims to measure the variables and their impacts on the decision-making process towards the digital transition or remaining embodied in the classic model Human serving Human.Keywords: E-government- Economic Development- Administrative Ecosystem.JEL classification: M15 ,P35 , Q58 الحكامة الالكترونية, و تنمية المنظومة الادارية للإنتقال الرقمي : دراسة تأثير الرضى على قرار إختيار المعاملة الإدارية. ملخص تعتبر الحكامة الالكترونية تحد كبير للتنمية الإقتصادية الترابية, عبر رقمنة المنظومة الإدارية ضمن الشبكة العنكبوتية الدولية , و رسم المسار الصحيح للمعلومة, لتسهيل الولوج اليها و الانتقال من  المعاملة الكلاسيكية الانسان في خدمة الانسان الى الالة في خدمة الانسان.في حين أن البعد النظري لهذه الورقة البحثية, سنقوم بدراسة تحليلة للمتغيرات الوصفية, عبر دراسة استكشافية للنموذج في الواقع و عن بعد, بهدف نمذجة خوارزميات الإجابة لدى المشاركين, و التي تكمن في ترجمة الفرضية الأساسية بحيث يتم دراسة تأثير الرضى على قرار إختيار المعاملة الإدارية.و بالتالي فالنتيجة المحصل عليها من البحث الاستكشافي, عبر نظم تحليل البيانات, تهدف الى قياس المتغيرات بين التحول الرقمي او الارساء على النظام الكلاسيكي الانسان في خدمة الانسان. الكلمات المفتاحية :  الحكامة الالكترونية – الاقتصاد التنموي – المنظومة الاداري

Diseño e implantación de un reloj electrónico programable controlado por microcontrolador

Els circuits integrats programables (Programmable Integrated Circuits = PIC) són components summament útils en l'Electrònica de Consum. Aquests són coneguts des de fa més de vint anys, en l'actualitat existeixen nous tipus que compleixen amb una sèrie de requisits i característiques molt pràctiques. Com una primera aproximació podem definir a un PIC com “un xip que em permet obtenir un circuit integrat a la meva necessitat”, és a dir puc fer que el PIC es comporti com un processador de luminància o un temporitzador o qualsevol altre sistema mitjançant un programa que es grava en una memòria ROM interna. En realitat un microprocessador i un microcontrolador no són la mateixa cosa. Els PICs són microcontroladors, és a dir, una unitat que posseïx en el seu interior al microprocessador i als elements indispensables perquè pugui funcionar com una minicomputadora en un sol xip. Un microprocessador és solament la unitat central de processos o CPU, la memòria, els ports i tots els altres perifèrics són exteriors. La programació d'un microprocessador és, per tant, una tasca complexa perquè han de controlar-se tots aquests dispositius externs. El programador es desentén d'una gran quantitat de dispositius i es concentra en el programa de treball. Els microcontroladors s'han desenvolupat per a cobrir les mes diverses aplicacions. S’utilitzen en automoció, en equips de comunicació i de telefonia, en instruments electrònics, en equips mèdics i industrials de tot tipus, en electrodomèstics, en joguines, etc

Diseño e implantación de un reloj electrónico programable controlado por microcontrolador

Els circuits integrats programables (Programmable Integrated Circuits = PIC) són components summament útils en l'Electrònica de Consum. Aquests són coneguts des de fa més de vint anys, en l'actualitat existeixen nous tipus que compleixen amb una sèrie de requisits i característiques molt pràctiques. Com una primera aproximació podem definir a un PIC com “un xip que em permet obtenir un circuit integrat a la meva necessitat”, és a dir puc fer que el PIC es comporti com un processador de luminància o un temporitzador o qualsevol altre sistema mitjançant un programa que es grava en una memòria ROM interna. En realitat un microprocessador i un microcontrolador no són la mateixa cosa. Els PICs són microcontroladors, és a dir, una unitat que posseïx en el seu interior al microprocessador i als elements indispensables perquè pugui funcionar com una minicomputadora en un sol xip. Un microprocessador és solament la unitat central de processos o CPU, la memòria, els ports i tots els altres perifèrics són exteriors. La programació d'un microprocessador és, per tant, una tasca complexa perquè han de controlar-se tots aquests dispositius externs. El programador es desentén d'una gran quantitat de dispositius i es concentra en el programa de treball. Els microcontroladors s'han desenvolupat per a cobrir les mes diverses aplicacions. S’utilitzen en automoció, en equips de comunicació i de telefonia, en instruments electrònics, en equips mèdics i industrials de tot tipus, en electrodomèstics, en joguines, etc

Diseño e implantación de un reloj electrónico programable controlado por microcontrolador

Els circuits integrats programables (Programmable Integrated Circuits = PIC) són components summament útils en l'Electrònica de Consum. Aquests són coneguts des de fa més de vint anys, en l'actualitat existeixen nous tipus que compleixen amb una sèrie de requisits i característiques molt pràctiques. Com una primera aproximació podem definir a un PIC com “un xip que em permet obtenir un circuit integrat a la meva necessitat”, és a dir puc fer que el PIC es comporti com un processador de luminància o un temporitzador o qualsevol altre sistema mitjançant un programa que es grava en una memòria ROM interna. En realitat un microprocessador i un microcontrolador no són la mateixa cosa. Els PICs són microcontroladors, és a dir, una unitat que posseïx en el seu interior al microprocessador i als elements indispensables perquè pugui funcionar com una minicomputadora en un sol xip. Un microprocessador és solament la unitat central de processos o CPU, la memòria, els ports i tots els altres perifèrics són exteriors. La programació d'un microprocessador és, per tant, una tasca complexa perquè han de controlar-se tots aquests dispositius externs. El programador es desentén d'una gran quantitat de dispositius i es concentra en el programa de treball. Els microcontroladors s'han desenvolupat per a cobrir les mes diverses aplicacions. S’utilitzen en automoció, en equips de comunicació i de telefonia, en instruments electrònics, en equips mèdics i industrials de tot tipus, en electrodomèstics, en joguines, etc

Pronostics parameters of death in heart failure for a prospective Grenoble Alpes university hospital cohort

INTRODUCTION : L'insuffisance cardiaque est un problème majeur de santé publique. Elle génère une morbidité et une mortalité importantes qui demeurent élevées malgré les avancées thérapeutiques importantes de ces derniers siècles. Cependant, ces études sont peu généralisables du fait d'une population bien différente de la réalité clinique car plus jeune et moins comorbide. Nous avons voulu étudier la population hospitalisée pour insuffisance cardiaque au centre hospitalier universitaire de Grenoble-Alpes sans critères d'exclusion afin d'étudier les facteurs pronostiques. METHODE : Les patients inclus pouvaient consulter les urgences ou être hospitalisés directement dans un service de médecine conventionnel cardiologique ou non, ou un service de réanimation. Les données démographiques, cliniques, biologiques, thérapeutiques, le parcours de soin, le type de cardiomyopathie et le facteur déclenchant étaient recencés. Le pronostic à 1 an était recherché. RESULTATS : 239 patients ont été inclus du 21 novembre 2016 au 21 février 2017 inclus. La mortalité à un an était de 30% (n=26). L'âge moyen était de 80.3 ans. Après ajustements, un poids supérieur à 70 kg et un taux bas de NT proBNP sont associés à un meilleur pronostic. CONCLUSION : Le poids étant un outil simple utilisable quotidiennement au cabinet, pourrait permettre de dépister simplement les sujets âgés insuffisants cardiaques au pronostic défavorable. Des études supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour préciser si le paramètre poids chez les sujets âgés de plus de 80 ans est supérieur à l'indice de masse corporelle dans l'évaluation du pronostic de l'insuffisance cardiaque dans le cadre du paradoxe du syndrome de l'obésité

Dimensionless Index in Patients With Low-Gradient Severe Aortic Stenosis and Preserved Ejection Fraction

International audienceBackground Risk stratification of patients with low-gradient (LG) severe aortic stenosis (AS) despite preserved left ventricular ejection fraction remains challenging. We sought to evaluate the relationship between the dimensionless index (DI)-the ratio of the left ventricular outflow tract time-velocity integral to that of the aortic valve jet-and mortality in these patients. Methods Seven hundred fifty-five patients with LG severe AS (defined by aortic valve area = 50% were studied. Flow status was defined according to stroke volume index = 35 mL/m(2) (normal flow, NF). Results After adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, Charlson comorbidity index, history of hypertension, history of atrial fibrillation, AS-related symptoms, left ventricular ejection fraction, indexed left ventricular ventricular mass, aortic valve area, and aortic valve replacement as a time-dependent covariate, patients with LG-LF and DI= 0.25 (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.41 [95% CI, 1.61-3.62]; P0.001), LG-NF and DI= 0.25 (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.27 [95% CI, 1.42-3.63]; P0.001). In contrast, patients with LG-LF and DI >= 0.25, LG-NF and DI= 0.25 had similar outcome. DI<0.25 showed incremental prognostic value in patients with LG-LF severe AS but not in patients with LG-NF severe AS. Conclusions Among patients with LG severe AS and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction, decreased DI<0.25 is a reliable parameter in patients with LF to identify a subgroup of patients at higher risk of death who may derive benefit from aortic valve replacement

Cardiovascular Characteristics and Outcomes of Young Patients with COVID-19

International audienceAlthough 18–45-year-old (y-o) patients represent a significant proportion of patients hospitalized for COVID-19, data concerning the young population remain scarce. The Critical COVID France (CCF) study was an observational study including consecutive patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in 24 centers between 26 February and 20 April 2020. The primary composite outcome included transfer to the intensive care unit (ICU) or in-hospital death. Secondary outcomes were cardiovascular (CV) complications. Among 2868 patients, 321 (11.2%) patients were in the 18–45-y-o range. In comparison with older patients, young patients were more likely to have class 2 obesity and less likely to have hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia. The primary outcome occurred less frequently in 18–45-y-o patients in comparison with patients > 45 years old (y/o) (16.8% vs. 30.7%, p 45 y/o. Acute heart failure occurred less frequently in 18–45-y-o patients (0.9% vs. 7.2%, p < 0.001), while thrombotic complications were similar in young and older patients. Whereas both transfer to the ICU and in-hospital death occurred less frequently in young patients, COVID-19 seemed to have a particular CV impact in this population

COVID-19 severity in kidney transplant recipients is similar to nontransplant patients with similar comorbidities

International audienceHigher rates of severe COVID-19 have been reported in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) compared to nontransplant patients. We aimed to determine if poorer outcomes were specifically related to chronic immunosuppression or underlying comorbidities. We used a 1:1 propensity score-matching method to compare survival and severe disease-free survival (defined as death and/or need for intensive care unit [ICU]) incidence in hospitalized KTRs and nontransplant control patients between February 26 and May 22, 2020. Patients were matched for risk factors of severe COVID-19: age, sex, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, preexisting cardiopathy, chronic lung disease, and basal renal function. We included 100 KTRs (median age [interquartile range (IQR)]) 64.7 years (55.3-73.1) in three French transplant centers. After a median follow-up of 13 days (7-30), transfer to ICU was required for 34 patients (34%) and death occurred in 26 patients (26%). Overall, 43 patients (43%) developed a severe disease during a median follow-up of 8.5 days (2-14). Propensity score matching to a large French cohort of 2017 patients hospitalized in 24 centers, revealed that survival was similar between KTRs and matched nontransplant patients with respective 30-day survival of 62.9% and 71% (p = .38) and severe disease-free 30-day survival of 50.6% and 47.5% (p = .91). These findings suggest that severity of COVID-19 in KTRs is related to their associated comorbidities and not to chronic immunosuppression

Association of diabetes and outcomes in patients with COVID-19: Propensity score-matched analyses from a French retrospective cohort

International audienceBackground: Our study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of patients with and without diabetes admitted to hospital with COVID-19.Methods: This retrospective multicentre cohort study comprised 24 tertiary medical centres in France, and included 2851 patients (675 with diabetes) hospitalized for COVID-19 between 26 February and 20 April 2020. A propensity score-matching (PSM) method (1:1 matching including patients' characteristics, medical history, vital statistics and laboratory results) was used to compare patients with and without diabetes (n = 603 per group). The primary outcome was admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) and/or in-hospital death.Results: After PSM, all baseline characteristics were well balanced between those with and without diabetes: mean age was 71.2 years; 61.8% were male; and mean BMI was 29 kg/m2. A history of cardiovascular, chronic kidney and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases were found in 32.8%, 22.1% and 6.4% of participants, respectively. The risk of experiencing the primary outcome was similar in patients with or without diabetes [hazard ratio (HR): 1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.95-1.41; P = 0.14], and was 1.29 (95% CI: 0.97-1.69) for in-hospital death, 1.26 (95% CI: 0.9-1.72) for death with no transfer to an ICU and 1.14 (95% CI: 0.88-1.47) with transfer to an ICU.Conclusion: In this retrospective study cohort of patients hospitalized for COVID-19, diabetes was not significantly associated with a higher risk of severe outcomes after PSM.Trial registration number: NCT04344327

History of heart failure in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: Insights from a French registry

International audienceBackground: Although cardiovascular comorbidities seem to be strongly associated with worse outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), data regarding patients with preexisting heart failure are limited.Aims: To investigate the incidence, characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19 with a history of heart failure with preserved or reduced ejection fraction.Methods: We performed an observational multicentre study including all patients hospitalized for COVID-19 across 24 centres in France from 26 February to 20 April 2020. The primary endpoint was a composite of in-hospital death or need for orotracheal intubation.Results: Overall, 2809 patients (mean age 66.4±16.9years) were included. Three hundred and seventeen patients (11.2%) had a history of heart failure; among them, 49.2% had heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and 50.8% had heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. COVID-19 severity at admission, defined by a quick sequential organ failure assessment score>1, was similar in patients with versus without a history of heart failure. Before and after adjustment for age, male sex, cardiovascular comorbidities and quick sequential organ failure assessment score, history of heart failure was associated with the primary endpoint (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06-1.90; P=0.02). This result seemed to be mainly driven by a history of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.13-2.27; P=0.01) rather than heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HR: 1.19, 95% CI: 0.79-1.81; P=0.41).Conclusions: History of heart failure in patients with COVID-19 was associated with a higher risk of in-hospital death or orotracheal intubation. These findings suggest that patients with a history of heart failure, particularly heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, should be considered at high risk of clinical deterioration