Complex formation and enantioselectivity studies of triazole fungicide and organophosphorus pesticide enantiomers using capillary electrophoresis

Several cyclodextrin modified-micellar electrokinetic chromatography (CDMEKC) methods were developed for the successful triazole fungicides separation. In the first part, an efficient method was developed for the simultaneous enantioseparation of cyproconazole (4 stereoisomer), bromuconazole (4 stereoisomer) and diniconazole (2 stereisomer) enantiomers using CD-MEKC with a dual mixture of neutral cyclodextrins as chiral selector. The best simultaneous separation of cyproconazole, bromuconazole, and diniconazole enantiomers was achieved with a mixture of 27 mM HP-β-CD and 3 mM HP-γ-CD in 25 mM phosphate buffer (pH 3.0) containing 40 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 15% iso-propanol as organic modifier. Complete separation of 10 stereoisomer of triazole fungicides were obtained in a single run with good resolution (Rs 1.74“26.31) and high peak efficiency (N > 400 000). In the second part of the study, enantioseparation of hexaconazole, penconazole, myclobutanil, and triadimefon was investigated. Simultaneous enantioseparation of penconazole, myclobutanil, and triadimefon was achieved under acidic condition (pH 3.0) using 25 mM phosphate buffer, 50 mM SDS, and 30 mM HP-γ-CD, with Rs greater than 0.9 whereas, simultaneous enantioseparation of hexaconazole, penconazole, and myclobutanil was successfully achieved under neutral condition (pH 7.0) using 25 mM phosphate buffer, 40 mM SDS, and 40 mM HP-γ-CD, with Rs greater than1.6. In order to improve detection sensitivity, on-line preconcentration technique was investigated. It was found that sweeping technique as an on-line preconcentration technique improved the detection sensitivity of the enantioseparation of cyproconazole, bromuconazole, and diniconazole by 30 to 60-fold, with good repeatabilities in the migration time, peak area and peak height were obtained with RSDs in the range of 0.08“0.32%, 0.03“ 2.44%, and 2.13“8.44% respectively. Furthermore, sweeping technique improved the detection sensitivity of the enantioseparation of hexaconazole, penconazole and myclobutanil by 62- to 67-fold. Good repeatabilities in the migration time, peak area and peak height were obtained with RSDs in the range of 2.39“3.90%, 1.96€“6.15%, and 2.80“6.64% respectively. Finally, the formation constant of diniconazole enantiomers with HP-γ-CD under neutral and acidic condition was investigated using CD-MEKC

Selectivity and applications of supercritical fluid chromatography

Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) has been undergoing tremendous developments in recent years as an attractive technique that is complementary to both gas and liquid chromatography. The main aim of this study has been to examine selectivity in SFC by using retention indices as the means of recording retention and to explore the potential applications of this novel technique. A simple supercritical fluid chromatograph was constructed based on a Pye-Unicam gas chromatograph and a HPLC pump. SFC separations were carried out using HPIC packed columns with pure or modified carbon dioxide as the mobile phase and using ultraviolet and flame ionization detection. The effects of different parameters on the retention of compounds. of different functional groups have been studied. At a given temperature, the capacity factors of the compounds generally decreased with increases in pressure (density). Little change in selectivity was observed between compounds in a homologous series but selectivity differences were observed between compounds of different functionalities and anomalous behaviour was seen for acetophenone on a cyano-silica column. Temperature can also be used to selectively modify the retention of the analytes. The use of methanol or acetonitrile as the organic modifier generally improved the peak shapes and reduced the retentions, and this was particularly marked for polar compounds. Similar trends in retentions were observed for PS-DVB, ODS-, and cyano-silica columns although the compounds were generally more retained on the PS-DVB column, suggesting that the selectivity was controlled mainly by the properties and compositions of the mobile phase. Using different sets of homologues, alkylarylketones, n-alkanes, and alkylbenzenes, the possibility of the application of retention indices in SFC was investigated. The use of retention indices have been shown to have advantages over capacity factors, but unlike HPLC, retention indices in SFC are much more susceptible to selectivity changes caused by variations in the operating parameters. Studies were carried out to demonstrate the viability of SFC for the separation of several drug groups, barbiturates and benzodiazepines. With no modifier in the mobile phase, these compounds were highly retained on the columns, particularly on ODS- and cyano-silica. Successful separations of the drug compounds were achieved with methanol or acetonitrile as the modifier in the mobile phase. The application of the SFC system was extended to the separations of several terpenes and the leaf essential oil of Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb.) Wats on a PS-DVB column. The results were compared with those obtained using GC and GC-MS methods and it was evident that the GC methods gave better resolutions and sensitivity and would still be the method of choice

Effects of kappa carrageenan and glycerol in purple sweet potato starch based edible film

The solubility and mechanical properties of purple sweet potato (PSP) starch - based edible films are being investigated. The formulation was prepared using a constant amount of PSP starch (4 % w/v) with five different ratios of carrageenan and glycerol (1:1 , 1.5:0.5, 0.5:1.5, 0.5:0.5, 1:0) which act as gelling agent s and plasticizers respectively. PSP starch generates 61.79 mg/100 g anthocyanin and retains 16.78 % antioxidant capacity . Carrageenan and glycerol (0.5:1.5) ratio shows the highest solubility in water ( 53.50 ± 0.1085 % ) and highest tensile strength (9.1674 ± 0.5399 MPa) with the lowest elongation at break (20.436 ± 2.826 %)

CINTA DALAM NOVEL BALADA CINTA MAJENUN KARTA GEIDURRAHMAN EL-MISHRY (PSIKOLOGI SASTRA)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan cinta pada tokoh utama dalam novel Balada Cinta Majenun karya Geidurrahman El-Mishry. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analisis. Pendekatan penelitian menggunakan psikologi sastra yang melihat aspek kejiwaan tokoh utama dari teks. Sumber data diambil dari novel Balada Cinta Majenun karya Geidurrahman El-Mishry. Data meliputi frasa, klausa, atau kalimat. Pengambilan data menggunakan teknik baca, catat, dan mengelompokkan berdasarkan objek cinta Erich Fromm. Selanjutnya data dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis isi. Tahapan analisis data yaitu mengidentifikasi data, deskripsi data, dan menginterpretasi data. Hasil penelitian ditemukan dua objek cinta yaitu cinta erotis dan cinta kepada Tuhan. Cinta erotis ditujukan kepada perempuan yang bernama Nisa, sedangkan cinta kepada Tuhan ditujukan kepada Allah SWT. Cinta kepada Tuhan lebih dominan dari cinta erotis mengakibatkan Ridho berbuat zuhud; jalan hidup yang mengutamakan akhirat dari pada kehidupan duniawi. **************************** This study aims to describe the love of the main character in the novel Balada Cinta Maj Weaving by Geidurrahman El-Mishry. The method used is descriptive analysis. The research approach uses literary psychology that looks at the psychological aspects of the main characters of the text. The data source is taken from the novel Balada Cinta Majangkas by Geidurrahman El-Mishry. Data includes phrases, clauses or sentences. Retrieval of data using techniques of reading, recording, and grouping based on the object of love Erich Fromm. Then the data were analyzed using content analysis techniques. The stages of data analysis are identifying data, description of data, and interpreting data. The results found two objects of love, namely erotic love and love for God. Erotic love is addressed to women who are Nisa, while love to God is addressed to Allah SWT. Love for God is more dominant than erotic love resulting in Ridho doing zuhud; a way of life that gives priority to the afterlife rather than worldly life

Metafora Cinta dalam Novel Balada Cinta Majenun Karya Geidurrahman El-Mishry

This study aims to describe the metaphor of love spoken by the main character in the novel Balada Cinta Maj Weaving by Geidurrahman El-Mishry using conceptual metaphors. The method used is descriptive analysis. The focus of the love metaphor is the expressions on the speech of the main character. Data collection uses documentation techniques with steps; read, mark, record, and categorize. Technical analysis uses content analysis that looks at the situation and condition of the speaker. The analysis shows that there are metaphorical expressions of love as an expression of the mental condition of the main character who is experiencing sadness, happiness, longing, and hope. Consequently sadness is the most dominant inner condition of hope, longing, and happiness. Conclusion, the whole phrase is used to convey the mental condition of the main character who is in love. Keywords: Metaphor, Conceptual, Love, Menta

Is there an NGO to parliament pipeline for Iraqi women?

In the October 2021 parliamentary elections, Iraqi women broke their record for the most seats ever won by female candidates in Iraq’s post-2003 history, reaching 95 seats in a 329-seat legislature. Even more notable is that 57 of these women won their seat without the need for Iraq’s 25% women’s quota to kick in. On the surface, these are respectable gains for a country that has undergone regime change only two decades ago, but deeper analysis reveals that this is a quantitative – but not necessarily qualitative – success

Peningkatan Pendapatan Ekonomi Masyarakat Melalui Pelatihan Perbaikan Pengelolaan Manajemen Keuangan UMKM RW 15 Kampung Sejahtera Mandiri (KSM) Teras Pancasila Binaan Dinas Koperasi & UMKM Kota Tangerang, Provinsi Banten

The potential for developing and fostering an entrepreneurial spirit for the younger generation in RW 15, Kampung Sejahtera Mandiri (KSM) Teras Pancasila, which is assisted by the Office of Cooperatives & MSMEs, Tangerang City, Banten Province, is enormous. One of the reasons for its strategic location as the entrance route to the west of Jakarta. However, the development and fostering of entrepreneurial spirit is still not optimal because the level of education of most of the target audience is high school graduates who rarely or may never get knowledge of entrepreneurship and business management. Many potential creative ideas for running a business have not been explored optimally either. The purpose of this MSME Management Management Improvement Training is expected to foster the entrepreneurial spirit of the young generation so that they always have thoughts of improving their own business by making good use of existing resources and capital to create products, innovating packaging of goods that have economic value. For those who have not started it are expected to be more courageous in opening various businesses but in a well-planned manner

Preparation, characterization and applications of graphene oxide and oil-palm activated carbon modified magnetic-polypyrrole sorbents for microextraction of selected organic pollutants

Magnetite (Fe3O4) and polypyrrole (PPy) are widely used in the electrical industry. However, their uses as sorbents in analytical chemistry applications are scarce. Thus, this research investigates the preparation, development and applications of Fe3O4-PPy composites as sorbents for microextraction of different emerging and persistent occurring pollutants optimized with the aid of response surface methodology (RSM) approach. In the first part of study, Fe3O4-PPy sorbent was applied in magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) combined with high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) for the analysis of three selected non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), namely naproxen, diclofenac and mefenamic acid. Systematic investigations on the synthesis and Fe3O4-PPy MSPE efficiencies for the NSAIDs were successfully modelled using the Box- Behnken Design (BBD) (R2 = 0.94-0.98, p pH sample solution > extraction time > desorption time. The OPACFe3O4- PPy MSPE method demonstrated good linearity (25-1000 ng L-1) with good correlation (R2 > 0.991) and low LODs and LOQs (LOD = 3S/N, 6.5 ng L-1 for ESO and 7.3 ng L-1 for DIE; LOQ = 10S/N, 25 ng L-1 for ESO and DIE) with high recoveries (98105%) of OCPs from tap water, and palm oil effluent samples. A comparative study showed that the incorporation of Fe3O4 and PPy separately to GO and OPAC, showed different behaviours in accordance to the particle size and surface chemistry. The adsorption capacities of the sorbents, represented by qm is in the order of GO-Fe3O4 -PPy > OPAC-Fe3O4 -PPy > Fe3O4-PPy. Thus this study proved that the adsorption strength of sorbents could be reinforced by the presence of OPAC and GO. Analytical Eco-Scale analysis showed that all the developed methods achieved acceptable green analysis scale (AES value: 77-81). The proposed methods offered good features such as sustainable, simple, and rapid extraction that meet the green chemistry concept

Optimization of sol-gel hybrid mediated hollow fiber-solid phase microextraction for the analysis of selected aldehydes

Hexanal and heptanal are two promising aldehydes that have been found in biological samples of lung cancer patients. In general, aldehydes can be detected in trace level as low as part per billion or part per trillion levels. Since reliable technique is needed to detect the analyte of interest especially in complex matrices, a new hybrid silica-based material as the adsorbent of hollow fiber-solid phase microextraction (HF-SPME) was synthesized. In the present work, the solgel hybrid material was held in the pores of HF by in situ gelation and was used to extract the two test aldehydes using direct immersion sampling mode. Several solgel parameters affecting the extraction performance of the in-house sol-gel hybrid material were optimized. The extraction efficiencies of the new silica-based hybrid material for the target aldehydes were based on peak area response obtained from gas chromatography-flame ionization detector. The best extraction efficiencies of hexanal and heptanal were obtained using a mol ratio of 1:4 for the two precursors used, 6 mmol water, 6 mmol methanol and 2.5 mmol trifluoroacetic acid for in situ gelation HF-SPME. The new in situ sol-gel silicabased adsorbent material exhibits high potential for HF-SPME of hexanal and heptanal

Reviewing Guidelines on Facilities and Practices of Intergenerational Care in Australia and Malaysia

Developed countries like Australia have guidelines to support intergenerational care development for aged citizen. In Malaysia, the current facilities for aged care are single-user facilities and lack intergenerational interaction conducted with the other generations. The study reviewed the care facilities guidelines to support intergenerational interaction in the Malaysian context based on the Australian intergenerational care practice perspective. The qualitative method is employed through a comparative and content analysis of the guidelines. The finding showed that the childcare visitation model had been identified as a promising alternative intergenerational care to enhance intergenerational interaction in the Malaysian context. Keywords: Intergenerational care facilities; Aged Care; Childcare; Guidelines eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i16.272