Optimum Population Size of Indigenous P-solubilizing Bacteria to Correct P Availability in Acid Soils

Indonesian acid soils were used to determine an optimum population size of indigenous P-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) for solubilizating fixed P. The experiment consisted of two sub-experiments. Sub-experiment I was to isolate the indigenous PSB from Ultisols, Fresh-water lowland Inceptisols, and tidal-swamp Inceptisols. Subexpriment II was to study the capacity of the isolated PSB to correct P availability in acid soils by inoculating the isolated PSB into the tested soils at 0, 105, 1010, and 1015 cells. The population of the indigenous PSB in the tested soils increased as a result of the inoculation. Both Al-P and Fe-P content in the three tested soils decreased as compared with the initial content. The increases of available P were significantly correlated with the decreases both in Al-P (r2 = 0.68 for the Ultisols; r2 = 0.51 for the fresh-water Inceptisols; and r2 = 0.35 for the tidal-swamp Inceptisols) and in Fe-P (r2 = 0.91 for the Ultisols; r2 = 0.45 for the fresh-water lowland Inceptisols; and r2 = 0.78 for the tidal-swamp Inceptisols). The increases of available P were significantly correlated with the increases of thepopulation of the PSB (r2 = 0.60 for the Ultisols; r2 = 0.55 for the fresh-water lowland Inceptisols; and r2 = 0.69 for the tidal-swamp Inceptisols). The available P in the three tested soils sharply increased if the population size of the PSB was about 1 × 109 cfu g-1 of soil

Mott transition in Cr-doped V2O3 studied by ultrafast reflectivity: electron correlation effects on the transient response

The ultrafast response of the prototype Mott-Hubbard system (V1-xCrx)2O3 was systematically studied with fs pump-probe reflectivity, allowing us to clearly identify the effects of the metal-insulator transition on the transient response. The isostructural nature of the phase transition in this material made it possible to follow across the phase diagram the behaviour of the detected coherent acoustic wave, whose average value and lifetime depend on the thermodynamic phase and on the correlated electron density of states. It is also shown how coherent lattice oscillations can play an important role in some changes affecting the ultrafast electronic peak relaxation at the phase transition, changes which should not be mistakenly attributed to genuine electronic effects. These results clearly show that a thorough understanding of the ultrafast response of the material over several tenths of ps is necessary to correctly interpret its sub-ps excitation and relaxation regime, and appear to be of general interest also for other strongly correlated materials.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures. Europhysics Letters (in press

P Use Efficiency by Corn (Zea Mays L.) in Ultisol Due to Application of Coal Fly Ash-chicken Manure Mixture

Low P availability is the main constraint for crops on acidic soil such as an Ultisols due to high soil P sorption. The objective of current research was to determine the effect of coal fly ash-chicken manure mixture application on P use efficiency by corn (Zea mays L.) in Ultisols. The research were arranged according to Factorial Completely Randomized Design with three replicates. The treatments tested were the rates of FA-CM mixture (w/w of 1:1) that consisted of 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 tons ha-1, and P fertilizer rates that consisted of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 times of P requirement to achieve of 0.2 μg P mL-1 in soil solution (equivalence to 0, 87, 174, 261 and 348 kg P2O5 ha-1). Results of current research showed that P use efficiency by corn on Ultisols had been increased through the addition of FA-CM in combination with P fertilization at the rate of 87 kg P2O5 ha-1. The optimum rate of FA-CM in combination with P fertilizer at the rate of 87 kg P2O5 ha-1 is 28.60 tons ha-1, with P uptake efficiency of 42.41 % and agronomic P efficiency of 82.53 mg shoot dry weight/mg P from fertilizer

Modifikasi Titik Muatan Nol Tanah Bermuatan Terubahkan melalui Pemberian Campuran Abu Terbang Batubara-Kotoran Ayam

. The objective of current research was to study the effect of coal fly ash-chicken manure mixture (FA-CM) on the changes on the soil PZC status and its impact on P sorption and availability in Ultisols. Two treatments - FA-CM mixture (w/w of 1:1) at the rate of 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 ton ha-1, and P fertilization at the rate of 0, 87, 174, 261 and 348 kg P2O5 ha-1 were tested. These treatments were arranged according to Factorial Completely Random Design with three replicates. The results showed that the application of FA-CM for each dosages of P fertilizer correlated significantly with the status of soils PZC, pH, negative charge, P sorption and P-available. PZC has possitive correlation with pH and negative charge. Negative charge has a significantly negative correlation with P sorption, and posssitively correlation with P-available

Nonlinear kernel based feature maps for blur-sensitive unsharp masking of JPEG images

In this paper, a method for estimating the blur regions of an image is first proposed, resorting to a mixture of linear and nonlinear convolutional kernels. The blur map obtained is then utilized to enhance images such that the enhancement strength is an inverse function of the amount of measured blur. The blur map can also be used for tasks such as attention-based object classification, low light image enhancement, and more. A CNN architecture is trained with nonlinear upsampling layers using a standard blur detection benchmark dataset, with the help of blur target maps. Further, it is proposed to use the same architecture to build maps of areas affected by the typical JPEG artifacts, ringing and blockiness. The blur map and the artifact map pair permit to build an activation map for the enhancement of a (possibly JPEG compressed) image. Extensive experiments on standard test images verify the quality of the maps obtained using the algorithm and their effectiveness in locally controlling the enhancement, for superior perceptual quality. Last but not least, the computation time for generating these maps is much lower than the one of other comparable algorithms

Pemanfaatan Sari Timun untuk Mengurangi Tingkat Stres dan Meningkatkan Kelangsungan Hidup Pascalarva Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) selama Masa Penurunan Salinitas

Taqwa et al, 2016. The Using of Cucumbar Extract to Reduce the Stress Level and Increase the Survival Rate of White Shrimp Postlarvae (Litopenaeus vannamei) during Salinity Decreasing Time. JLSO 5(1):53-61.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding cucumber extract on the level of stress and survival of white shrimp postlarvae during acclimatization. The method used was completely randomized design with five treatment and three replication of adding cucumber extract that equal 15 ppm (T1), 30 ppm (T2), 45 ppm (T3), 60 ppm (T4) and without adding cucumber extract (T0) as a control. The results showed that addition of cucumber extract equivalent to 15 ppm (T1) in diluents media during 96 hours of acclimatization produce survival 91.67%, body fluid glucose levels are lower at 161.67 mg dl-1 and consumption level of oxygen 4.39 mg O2 g-1 h-1. Physical chemistry value of media acclimatization still in tolerance except in ammoni

Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran SETS dan STS Terhadap Peningkatan Literasi Sains Siswa

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian quasi eksperimen dengan desain penelitian randomised gropu comparison design yang dilaksanakan di salah satu SMA di kota Kupang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peningkatan literasi sains siswa yang menggunakan model pembelajaran SETS lebih tinggi daripada siswa yang diajar menggunakan model pembelajaran STS. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI MIA, dengan pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik simple random sampling yaitu siswa kelas XI MIA2 yang berjumlah 36 siswa sebagai kelas eksperimen 2 yang diajar menggunakan model pembelajaran  STS,  sedangkan  siswa  kelas  XI  MIA3   yang  berjumlah  35  siswa  sebagai  kelas eksperimen 1 menggunakan model pembelajaran SETS. Kemampuan literasi sains siswa dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari instrumen tes soal literasi sains. Aspek literasi sains siswa yang diteliti meliputi mengidentifikasi isu atau permasalahan ilmiah, menjelaskan fenomena ilmiah dan menggunakan bukti ilmiah. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data menggunakan uji-t diperoleh bahwa kemampuan literasi sains siswa yang diajar menggunakan model pembelajaran SETS lebih tinggi daripada siswa yang diajar menggunakan model pembelajaran STS yang dibuktikan dengan thitung = 3,664 > ttabel = 1,832 pada taraf signifikan 0,05%