State of the Reform of Legal Capacity in Chile

The Chilean legal regulation of disability has advanced towards an adequate legal framework for the progressive development of state practices respectful of the rights of people with disabilities. The ratification of the CRPD (2008) has been followed by an increasing amount of legislation directed to the inclusion of people with disabilities. The most important of this new disability regulation is the Law 20422 [on equal opportunities and social inclusion of people with disability]. Chile, in this way, can be regarded as a slow but persistent student of the teachings of the CRPD. Despite these positive developments, certain obligations under the CRPD are still pending, especially clear in the legal regulation affecting mental disability. The controversies surrounding legal capacity and mental health law are probably the most important issues surrounding the hesitation to carry out a reform

Notes about the content of democratic principle

El presente trabajo busca exponer aspectos sustantivos del principio de la democracia. Para ello se vale de las importantes investigaciones que, inspirado en la metodología de Carl Schmitt, E.W. Böckenförde ha realizado sobre el contenido y alcance de la cláusula democrática en el derecho constitucional positivo. Para ello se realiza una pequeña explicación del rol que cabe a la democracia en la teoría de las formas de gobierno para después tratar el fundamento, rol y aplicación que tiene el principio de la democracia como principio constitucional reconocido en el ordenamiento jurídico. Se finaliza con una breve aplicación de la teoría al caso del sistema jurídico chileno.This paper seeks to expose the substantive aspects of the principle of democracy. It focuses, in the important research, inspired by the methodology of Carl Schmitt, that EW Böckenförde been made about the content and scope of the democratic clause in positive constitutional law. To that objective, was make a brief explanation of the role that have democracy in the theory of forms of government. After that was explain the foundations, role and application of the principle of democracy as a constitutional principle recognized in legal system. It ends with a brief application of this theory to the case of the Chilean legal system

Analysis of a cross-section of time series using structural time series models

This study deals with multivariate structural time series models, and in particular, with the analysis and modelling of cross-sections of time series. In this context, no cause and effect relationships are assumed between the time series, although they are subject to the same overall environment. The main motivations in the analysis of cross-sections of time series are (i) the gains in efficiency in the estimation of the irregular, trend and seasonal components; and (ii) the analysis of models with common effects. The study contains essentially two parts. The first one considers models with a general specification for the correlation of the irregular, trend and seasonal components across the time series. Four structural time series models are presented, and the estimation of the components of the time series, as well as the estimation of the parameters which define this components, is discussed. The second part of the study deals with dynamic error components models where the irregular, trend and seasonal components are generated by common, as well as individual, effects. The extension to models for multivariate observations of cross-sections is also considered. Several applications of the methods studied are presented. Particularly relevant is an econometric study of the demand for energy in the U. K

I presupposti vichiani e la loro presenza in The Weimar Origins of Rhetorical Inquiry

Trad. del inglés por Pablo Badillo O’FarrellEsta contribución explora el impacto actual del pensamiento de Vico en la obra de David Marshall examinando las presuposiciones viquianas que han pasado de su monográfico sobre Vico de 2010 al segundo libro que ha terminado recientemente, The Weimar Origins of Rhetorical Inquiry (“Los orígenes de la investigación retórica durante el periodo de Weimar”).This contribution explores the current impact of Vico’s thinking on the work of David Marshall by examining the Viquian presuppositions between his 2010 monograph on Vico and the second book that he has recently finished, The Weimar Origins of Rhetorical Inquiry.Questo contributo esplora l’attuale impatto del pensiero di Vico sull’opera di David Marshall, esaminandone i presupposti vichiani dalla sua monografia su Vico del 2010 al secondo libro, recentemente terminato, The Weimar Origins of Rhetorical Inquiry

Lifts of convex sets and cone factorizations

In this paper we address the basic geometric question of when a given convex set is the image under a linear map of an affine slice of a given closed convex cone. Such a representation or 'lift' of the convex set is especially useful if the cone admits an efficient algorithm for linear optimization over its affine slices. We show that the existence of a lift of a convex set to a cone is equivalent to the existence of a factorization of an operator associated to the set and its polar via elements in the cone and its dual. This generalizes a theorem of Yannakakis that established a connection between polyhedral lifts of a polytope and nonnegative factorizations of its slack matrix. Symmetric lifts of convex sets can also be characterized similarly. When the cones live in a family, our results lead to the definition of the rank of a convex set with respect to this family. We present results about this rank in the context of cones of positive semidefinite matrices. Our methods provide new tools for understanding cone lifts of convex sets.Comment: 20 pages, 2 figure

La selección genética preimplantacional frente a la crítica del modelo social de la discapacidad

This article analyzes the main reasons offered by the literature in relation to the question of whether pre-implantation genetic diagnosis and selection should be allowed in the context of assisted reproduction techniques to avoid the birth of children with disabilities. The bioethical literature faces a challenge from the disability discourse. When the oppressive social dimension of disability is taken into account, it results in a series of questions that could challenge the most settled conclusions of the bioethical debate. However, the social model has not been without criticism and one of them, the underestimation of the importance of biological traits origin against a disability of social origin, resonates particularly in the debate on preimplantation genetic selection.El presente artículo analiza los principales argumentos ofrecidos por la literatura en relación con la pregunta si debe permitirse la diagnostico y selección genética preimplantacional en el contexto de técnicas de reproducción asistida con miras a evitar la presencia de una discapacidad. Las principales posiciones en el debate bioético se enfrentan a un desafío adicional cuando se consideran las críticas provenientes del discurso sobre la discapacidad. De este modo, cuando la dimensión social opresiva de la discapacidad es tomada en cuenta, ella resulta en una serie de cuestionamientos que podrían poner en entredicho las conclusiones más decantadas del debate bioético. Sin embargo, el modelo social no ha estado exento de críticas y una de ellas, la minusvaloración de la importancia de características de origen biológico frente a una discapacidad de origen social, resuena particularmente en el debate sobre selección genética preimplantacional

Criminal disenfranchisement: a debate on punishment citizenship and democracy

Many convicted offenders around the world do not vote in elections because they have been disenfranchised, which is the legal deprivation of their voting rights as a consequence of their convictions. Addressing this practice from the perspective of legal and constitutional theory, this dissertation deals with the question of how modern democracies should understand the connection between the right to vote and the commission of a criminal offence. After careful analysis of issues related to the democratic importance of the right to vote, the civic virtue of offenders and the requirements of a democratic punishment, the dissertation argues that disenfranchisement is a practice that constitutes an unjustified exception to the general principle of universal suffrage. However, it may also critically express and shape some of our general ideas about democracy and citizenship. In particular, it is argued that the exclusionary and degrading aspects of disenfranchisement can illuminate inclusionary aspects associated to the right to vote. In making this argument, it is suggested that the right to vote not only works as a right of participation but also embodies a mechanism of democratic recognition. Addressing the current common law jurisprudential trends on disenfranchisement, it formulates a case for a strong judicial review of legislation in cases in which voting eligibility is at stake

Predicción de Inflación con Modelos de Series de Tiempo Múltiples

This paper presents a dynamic econometric model for monthly inflation rates in Chile from 1977 to 1983. For this purpose alternative price change forecast methods are empirically considered. Based on a 2 goods (traded and non traded) 2 factors (labor and