10 research outputs found

    Entre français général, français sur objectifs spécifiques et culture scientifique : le Campus Numérique FORPRINT, FOAD préparatoire à l'intégration dans l'enseignement supérieur.

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    Les actes peuvent ĂȘtre commandĂ©s sur le site Tice 2004 (70€).The goal of our paper is to present Forprint which is, in terms of application and uses, a training for the integration of foreign students in french Universities of Technology & Sciences and Engineering Schools. In terms of cooperation and network, Forprint associates seven institutions of higher education which share a long experience in using ICT in two major fields of education: French as a Foreign Language & for Special Purposes, Sciences & Technology. We want to favour, through -and with the help of- the linguistic learning, an approach which combines, not only autonomy with scaffolding, but also scientific and general culture.Forprint est un Campus numĂ©rique destinĂ© Ă  la FOAD d'Ă©tudiants scientifiques Ă©trangers, en français et “à la française”. Il associe un ensemble d'Ă©tablissements de formation et de recherche qui ont crĂ©Ă©, sur la base d'une part d'une rĂ©flexion et d'une pratique mĂ©thodologiques commune privilĂ©giant l'individualisation et l'accompagnement, d'autre part d'une mutualisation des ressources, un dispositif et un ensemble de modules scientifiques et linguistiques visant, dans une phase prĂ©paratoire Ă  l'intĂ©gration dans l'enseignement supĂ©rieur français, Ă  mettre Ă  niveau ces Ă©tudiants dans leur (future) spĂ©cialitĂ©. L'enjeu de l'entreprise est de faire valoir une mĂ©thode d'apprentissage linguistique “sur objectifs spĂ©cifiques” et une mĂ©thodologie d'enseignement scientifique “à la française” qui ne considĂšrent pas la langue comme un seul outil de communication mais tend Ă  en privilĂ©gier les aspects et les dimensions culturels, qu'il s'agisse de culture gĂ©nĂ©rale ou de culture spĂ©cialisĂ©e

    Entre français général, français sur objectifs spécifiques et culture scientifique : le Campus Numérique FORPRINT, FOAD préparatoire à l'intégration dans l'enseignement supérieur.

    No full text
    Les actes peuvent ĂȘtre commandĂ©s sur le site Tice 2004 (70€).The goal of our paper is to present Forprint which is, in terms of application and uses, a training for the integration of foreign students in french Universities of Technology & Sciences and Engineering Schools. In terms of cooperation and network, Forprint associates seven institutions of higher education which share a long experience in using ICT in two major fields of education: French as a Foreign Language & for Special Purposes, Sciences & Technology. We want to favour, through -and with the help of- the linguistic learning, an approach which combines, not only autonomy with scaffolding, but also scientific and general culture.Forprint est un Campus numĂ©rique destinĂ© Ă  la FOAD d'Ă©tudiants scientifiques Ă©trangers, en français et “à la française”. Il associe un ensemble d'Ă©tablissements de formation et de recherche qui ont crĂ©Ă©, sur la base d'une part d'une rĂ©flexion et d'une pratique mĂ©thodologiques commune privilĂ©giant l'individualisation et l'accompagnement, d'autre part d'une mutualisation des ressources, un dispositif et un ensemble de modules scientifiques et linguistiques visant, dans une phase prĂ©paratoire Ă  l'intĂ©gration dans l'enseignement supĂ©rieur français, Ă  mettre Ă  niveau ces Ă©tudiants dans leur (future) spĂ©cialitĂ©. L'enjeu de l'entreprise est de faire valoir une mĂ©thode d'apprentissage linguistique “sur objectifs spĂ©cifiques” et une mĂ©thodologie d'enseignement scientifique “à la française” qui ne considĂšrent pas la langue comme un seul outil de communication mais tend Ă  en privilĂ©gier les aspects et les dimensions culturels, qu'il s'agisse de culture gĂ©nĂ©rale ou de culture spĂ©cialisĂ©e

    Integrating genome annotation and QTL position to identify candidate genes for productivity, architecture and water-use efficiency in <it>Populus</it> spp

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    Abstract Background Hybrid poplars species are candidates for biomass production but breeding efforts are needed to combine productivity and water use efficiency in improved cultivars. The understanding of the genetic architecture of growth in poplar by a Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) approach can help us to elucidate the molecular basis of such integrative traits but identifying candidate genes underlying these QTLs remains difficult. Nevertheless, the increase of genomic information together with the accessibility to a reference genome sequence (Populus trichocarpa Nisqually-1) allow to bridge QTL information on genetic maps and physical location of candidate genes on the genome. The objective of the study is to identify QTLs controlling productivity, architecture and leaf traits in a P. deltoides x P. trichocarpa F1 progeny and to identify candidate genes underlying QTLs based on the anchoring of genetic maps on the genome and the gene ontology information linked to genome annotation. The strategy to explore genome annotation was to use Gene Ontology enrichment tools to test if some functional categories are statistically over-represented in QTL regions. Results Four leaf traits and 7 growth traits were measured on 330 F1 P. deltoides x P. trichocarpa progeny. A total of 77 QTLs controlling 11 traits were identified explaining from 1.8 to 17.2% of the variation of traits. For 58 QTLs, confidence intervals could be projected on the genome. An extended functional annotation was built based on data retrieved from the plant genome database Phytozome and from an inference of function using homology between Populus and the model plant Arabidopsis. Genes located within QTL confidence intervals were retrieved and enrichments in gene ontology (GO) terms were determined using different methods. Significant enrichments were found for all traits. Particularly relevant biological processes GO terms were identified for QTLs controlling number of sylleptic branches: intervals were enriched in GO terms of biological process like ‘ripening’ and ‘adventitious roots development’. Conclusion Beyond the simple identification of QTLs, this study is the first to use a global approach of GO terms enrichment analysis to fully explore gene function under QTLs confidence intervals in plants. This global approach may lead to identification of new candidate genes for traits of interest.</p

    Increasing the biomass production level of dedicated or semi-dedicated woody crops. Main lessons learned from the SYLVABIOM project

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    Dans le cadre d’un traitement en taillis Ă  courte ou trĂšs courte rotation (TCR et TTCR), le projet SYLVABIOM s’est appuyĂ© sur le suivi de la croissance et de l’efficacitĂ© avec laquelle les arbres de trois espĂšces (Peuplier, Robinier et Saule) utilisent l’eau et l’azote dans un rĂ©seau de quatre sites ateliers, situĂ©s dans des stations contrastĂ©es. La pertinence du taux de mĂ©thylation de l’ADN en tant que marqueur prĂ©coce du niveau de productivitĂ© a Ă©galement Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©e. Dans le cadre d’un traitement en futaie Ă  courte rĂ©volution (FCR), le projet a reposĂ© sur la collecte de donnĂ©es de croissance et de biomasse dans les rĂ©seaux expĂ©rimentaux, pour construire des tarifs compartimentĂ©s (bois de tronc, Ă©corce, branches et feuilles) d’essences forestiĂšres Ă  croissance rapide peu ou pas documentĂ©es. Des diffĂ©rences significatives ont Ă©tĂ© mises en Ă©vidence, tant en TCR qu’en TTCR, entre les trois espĂšces, et entre gĂ©notypes au sein d’une espĂšce, pour la production en biomasse, ses dĂ©terminants phĂ©nologiques, foliaires et architecturaux et l’efficience d’utilisation des ressources. Les relations complexes entre ces caractĂšres sont modulĂ©es en fonction des conditions pĂ©doclimatiques et de la densitĂ© de plantation. La mesure du taux de mĂ©thylation de l’ADN d’apex ou de feuilles pourrait constituer un bon prĂ©dicteur du potentiel de croissance chez le Peuplier. Des productions moyennes annuelles de biomasse comprises entre 7 et 13 tonnes de matiĂšre sĂšche par hectare et par an peuvent ĂȘtre espĂ©rĂ©es autour de 20 ans avec des conifĂšres Ă  croissance rapide cultivĂ©s en FCR sur d’autres gammes de stations que les espĂšces cultivĂ©es en TCR ou TTCR. Des gains gĂ©nĂ©tiques trĂšs importants sur la production de biomasse sont par ailleurs offerts par sĂ©lection de gĂ©notypes performants.For three species (poplar, black locust and willow) cultivated as short or very short rotation coppices (SRC/ VSRC), the project relied on monitoring growth and efficiency with which trees use water and nitrogen in a network of four experimental sites, located in contrasting stations. The relevance of DNA methylation levels as an early marker of the level of productivity was also evaluated. For short-rotation plantations (SRP), the project was based on the collection of growth and biomass data in experimental networks, to build compartmented biomass yield tables (trunk, bark, branches and leaves) for forest species for which the literature is scarce. Significant differences appear, both in SRC and VSRC, between the three species, and between intraspecific genotypes for biomass production, its phenology, architecture, leaf structure, and resource use efficiency. The pedoclimatic conditions and the planting density modulated the complex relationships between these traits. Measurement of apex or leaf DNA methylation rate may be a good predictor for the growth potential in poplar. Mean annual biomass production ranging from 7 to 13 dry tons/ha can be expected at age 20 years with fast-growing conifers grown in SRP on site types other than those used for SRC and VSRC. Moreover, very significant genetic gains on biomass production in SRP are also offered by selection of efficient genotypes
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