Letter to Philander Chase

Robert congradulates Chase on his successes at Oxford and Cambridge and tells him of some disturbances involving Mr. Dicey\u27s tennantshttps://digital.kenyon.edu/chase_letters/1377/thumbnail.jp

Software maintenance: redocumentation of existing Cobol systems using hypertext technology

One of the major problems associated with the maintenance of existing software systems is their lack of documentation. This can make very large, poorly structured programs very difficult to maintain. Nearly all traditional documentation tools are either designed for use in the development stage of the software lifecycle or are report generators such as cross reference generators. The problems of lack of documentation are compounded when applied to third party software maintenance as the staffs are often initially unfamiliar with the code they are maintaining. This thesis describes these problems in detail and evaluates the feasibility of a tool to help with redocumentation based on current hypertext technology

Letter to Philander Chase

Robert Marriott discusses religious matters and provides updates to Chase.https://digital.kenyon.edu/chase_letters/2005/thumbnail.jp

History and principles of compilation of the large Soviet Academy Dictionary of Russian (1950-1965)

Nobody today would seriously dispute the importance of dictionaries. The value of dictionaries is attested to by the fact that they have been with us for sane hundreds of years. However, it is not to the past that we should look for a justification of lexicography, but to the present. Having regard to the gigantic volume of material published nowadays in both printed and spoken form; to the far-reaching spread of education and the concamitant battle _against the last strongholds of illiteracy; to the efforts being made by the nations not only to settle their differences by words rather than by force of arms, but also to cooperate actively in peaceful enterprises: in short, with the great expansion of the means of communication and the corresponding increase in the load that language is made to bear, we cannot but agree that "the lexicographer's task is of graving inportance in our world

Using light and sound to make a house seem occupied

Presence is a stand-alone product that attaches into a light bulb fixture in between the fixture and the light bulb. Presence responds to a doorbell and door knock by playing household sounds and also turns the light on and off at random or present intervals to give the perception that the house is occupied

A cardinal role for cathepsin D in co-ordinating the host-mediated apoptosis of macrophages and killing of pneumococci

The bactericidal function of macrophages against pneumococci is enhanced by their apoptotic demise, which is controlled by the anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1. Here, we show that lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and cytosolic translocation of activated cathepsin D occur prior to activation of a mitochondrial pathway of macrophage apoptosis. Pharmacological inhibition or knockout of cathepsin D during pneumococcal infection blocked macrophage apoptosis. As a result of cathepsin D activation, Mcl-1 interacted with its ubiquitin ligase Mule and expression declined. Inhibition of cathepsin D had no effect on early bacterial killing but inhibited the late phase of apoptosis-associated killing of pneumococci in vitro. Mice bearing a cathepsin D-/- hematopoietic system demonstrated reduced macrophage apoptosis in vivo, with decreased clearance of pneumococci and enhanced recruitment of neutrophils to control pulmonary infection. These findings establish an unexpected role for a cathepsin D-mediated lysosomal pathway of apoptosis in pulmonary host defense and underscore the importance of apoptosis-associated microbial killing to macrophage function

The Adventure of the Norwood Builder A Lawyerly Annotated Edition

In The Adventures of the Creeping Man, Watson says to Holmes: As to your dates, that is the biggest mystification of all, What is the mystery here, you may ask

HIV gp120 in the lungs of antiretroviral therapy–treated Individuals impairs alveolar macrophage responses to pneumococci

Rationale People living with HIV (PLWH) are at significantly increased risk of invasive pneumococcal disease, despite long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART). The mechanism explaining this observation remains undefined. Objectives We hypothesized apoptosis-associated microbicidal mechanisms, required to clear intracellular pneumococci that survive initial phagolysosomal killing, are perturbed. Methods Alveolar macrophages (AM) were obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from healthy donors or HIV-1-seropositive donors on long-term ART with undetectable plasma viral load. Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) were obtained from healthy donors and infected with HIV-1BaL or treated with gp120. Macrophages were challenged with opsonized serotype 2 Streptococcus pneumoniae and assessed for apoptosis, bactericidal activity, protein expression and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS). AM phenotyping, ultra-sensitive HIV-1 RNA quantification and gp120 measurement were also performed in BAL. Measurements and Main Results HIV-1BaL infection impaired apoptosis, induction of mROS and pneumococcal killing by MDM. Apoptosis-associated pneumococcal killing was also reduced in AM from ART treated HIV-1-seropositive donors. BAL fluid from these individuals demonstrated persistent lung CD8+ T-cell lymphocytosis, and gp120 or HIV-1 RNA was also detected. Despite this, transcriptional activity in AM freshly isolated from PLWH was broadly similar to healthy volunteers. Instead, gp120 phenocopied the defect in pneumococcal killing in healthy MDM through post-translational modification of Mcl-1, preventing apoptosis induction, caspase activation and increased mROS generation. Moreover gp120 also inhibited mROS dependent pneumococcal killing in MDM. Conclusions. Despite ART, HIV-1, via gp120, drives persisting innate immune defects in AM microbicidal mechanisms, enhancing susceptibility to pneumococcal disease