The Expression of Emotions in the Spanish and Italian Filmic Audio Descriptions of The King’s Speech

This paper puts forward a three-layered model for the analysis of linguistic items in filmic audio description (AD). The model is applied to three Spanish and Italian audio described scenes ofthe drama film The King’s Speech(Hooper,2010). The aim is to evaluate lexical items that are chosen to verbalize information on characters’ emotional condition, or psyche. Verbs, nouns, adjectives,and adverbs used in the compared ADs will be analysed taking into consideration the communicative function(s) associated with each scene. The overall objective of the research is to shed light on the linguistic strategies that could potentially be used inAD toenhance the communicative value of the audiovisual source text, guiding the choice of informative or expressive rendering in AD to foster the audience’s engagement with the narrative.Results suggest that it might be useful to identifythe communicative function ofa givenscene; thiscan turn into a valuable criterion, to be given due credit when creating AD

AUDIO DESCRIPTION (AD) AND MULTIPLE LEVELS OF MEANING IN FILMS. A functionalist perspective

This paper reports on the preliminary results of a contrastive analysis of Spanish and Italian audio description (AD) scripts provided for the drama film Murder on the Orient Express (Branagh, 2017). Looking at the AD practice as a form of intersemiotic translation, the study aims at enquiring into the extent to which the linguistic choices made to transpose the visual, non-verbal signs of the film manage to convey the implicit, connotative meaning of the audiovisual source text (i.e., the film). Functionalist theories of translation were adopted as the analytic criterion for data analysis and interpretation of results. Preliminary results suggest that the choice of the linguistic items to adopt in AD may be guided by the communicative aim detected for the film scene to be audio described

Audio description (AD) and multiple levels of meaning in films. A functionalist perspective

This paper reports on the preliminary results of a contrastive analysis of Spanish and Italian audio description (AD) scripts provided for the drama film Murder on the Orient Express (Branagh, 2017). Looking at the AD practice as a form of intersemiotic translation, the study aims at enquiring into the extent to which the linguistic choices made to transpose the visual, non-verbal signs of the film manage to convey the implicit, connotative meaning of the audiovisual source text (i.e., the film). Functionalist theories of translation were adopted as the analytic criterion for data analysis and interpretation of results.Preliminary results suggest that the choice of the linguistic items to adopt in AD may be guided by the communicative aim detected for the film scene to be audio described

La traduzione giornalistica e la mediazione interculturale

Il presente contributo riporta alcuni dei risultati ottenuti a seguito dell’analisi comparativa di articoli di giornale redatti in lingua spagnola e tradotti in lingua italiana. Obiettivo della ricerca è convalidare l’ipotesi secondo cui la traduzione giornalistica debba tener conto delle differenze esistenti tra il sistema socioculturale ispanofono e quello italiano. In particolare, l’articolo mira a verificare che i traduttori impegnati in questo ambito professionale si considerino operatori della mediazione interculturale, riuscendo ad adottare una posizione terza, neutrale rispetto ai due contesti coinvolti. Per tale ragione si forniranno indicazioni teoriche riguardanti le diverse significazioni attribuite al concetto di ‘cultura’, associate alle competenze traduttive richieste da ciascuna di esse. Tali elementi saranno utilizzati come criterio investigativo per valutare i risultati dell’analisi condotta

Audio description (AD) and multiple levels of meaning in films. A functionalist perspective

This paper reports on the preliminary results of a contrastive analysis of Spanish and Italian audio description (AD) scripts provided for the drama film Murder on the Orient Express (Branagh, 2017). Looking at the AD practice as a form of intersemiotic translation, the study aims at enquiring into the extent to which the linguistic choices made to transpose the visual, non-verbal signs of the film manage to convey the implicit, connotative meaning of the audiovisual source text (i.e., the film). Functionalist theories of translation were adopted as the analytic criterion for data analysis and interpretation of results.Preliminary results suggest that the choice of the linguistic items to adopt in AD may be guided by the communicative aim detected for the film scene to be audio described

Diffusion aluminide coatings for hot corrosion and oxidation protection of nickel-based superalloys. Effect of fluoride-based activator salts

The influence of two different fluoride-based activator salts (NH4F and AlF3) was studied for diffusion aluminide coatings obtained via pack cementation on a Ni-based superalloy (René 108DS). The resistance to oxidation and hot corrosion was assessed as a function of the concentration of activator salts used during the synthesis process by means of pack cementation. Two different concentrations were selected for activator salts (respecting the equimolarity of fluoride in the synthesis) and the obtained diffusion coatings were compared in terms of morphology, thickness and composition, as well as in terms of microstructural evolution after high temperature exposure. Isothermal oxidation tests were conducted at 1050 C in air for 100 h in a tubular furnace. The oxidation kinetics were evaluated by measuring the weight variation with exposure time. The microstructural evolution induced by the high temperature exposure was investigated by SEM microscopy, EDS analysis and X-ray diffraction. Results showed that the coatings obtained with AlF3 activator salt are thicker than those obtained using NH4F as a consequence of different growth mechanism during pack-cementation. Despite this evidence, it was found that the NH4F coatings show a better oxidation resistance, both in terms of total mass gain and of quality of the microstructure of the thermally grown oxide. On the other hand, coatings produced with high concentration of AlF3 exhibited a better resistance in hot corrosion conditions, showing negligible mass variations after 200 h of high temperature exposure to aggressive NaCl and Na2SO4 salts

LARGE MAMMAL REMAINS FROM THE LATE MIDDLE PLEISTOCENE DEPOSITS OF SICILY: NEW STRATIGRAPHIC EVIDENCE FROM THE WESTERN EDGE OF THE HYBLEAN PLATEAU (SOUTHEASTERN SICILY)

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Cerebellar white matter disruption in Alzheimer’s Disease patients: a Diffusion Tensor Imaging study

The cognitive role of the cerebellum has recently gained much attention, and its pivotal role in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has now been widely recognized. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been used to evaluate the disruption of the microstructural milieu in AD, and though several white matter (WM) tracts such as corpus callosum, inferior and superior longitudinal fasciculus, cingulum, fornix, and uncinate fasciculus have been evaluated in AD, data on cerebellar WM tracts are currently lacking. We performed a tractography-based DTI reconstruction of the middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP), and the left and right superior cerebellar peduncles separately (SCPL and SCPR) and addressed the differences in fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (Dax), radial diffusivity (RD), and mean diffusivity (MD) in the three tracts between 50 patients with AD and 25 healthy subjects. We found that AD patients showed a lower FA and a higher RD compared to healthy subjects in MCP, SCPL, and SCPR. Moreover, a higher MD was found in SCPR and SCPL and a higher Dax in SCPL. This result is important as it challenges the traditional view that WM bundles in the cerebellum are unaffected in AD and might identify new targets for therapeutic interventions

Regionalization and Dynamic Parameterization of Quantum Yield of Photosynthesis to Improve the Ocean Primary Production Estimates From Remote Sensing

Quantum yield of photosynthesis (ϕ) expresses the efficiency of phytoplankton carbon fixation given certain amount of absorbed light. This photophysiological parameter is key to obtaining reliable estimates of primary production (PPsat) in the ocean based on remote sensing information. Several works have shown that ϕ changes temporally, vertically, and horizontally in the ocean. One of the primary factors ruling its variability is light intensity and thereby, it can be modeled as a function of Photosynthetically Available Radiation (PAR). We estimated ϕ utilizing long time-series collected in the North Subtropical Oligotrophic Gyres, at HOT and BATS stations (Pacific and Atlantic oceans, respectively). Subsequently the maximum quantum yield (ϕm) and Kϕ (PAR value at half ϕm) were calculated. Median ϕm values were ~0.040 and 0.063 mol C mol photons−1 at HOT and BATS, respectively, with higher values in winter. Kϕ values were ~8.0 and 10.8 mol photons m−2 d−1 for HOT and BATS, respectively. Seasonal variability in Kϕ showed its peak in summer. Dynamical parameterizations for both regions are indicated by their temporal behaviors, where ϕm is related to temperature at BATS while Kϕ to PAR, in both stations. At HOT, ϕm was weakly related to temperature and its median annual value was used for the whole data series. Differences in the study areas, even though both belong to Subtropical Gyres, reinforced the demand for regional parameterizations in PPsat models. Such parameterizations were finally included in a PPsat model based on phytoplankton absorption (PPsat−aphy−based), where results showed that the PPsat−aphy−based model coupled with dynamical parameterization improved PPsat estimates. Compared with PPsat estimates from the widely used VGPM, a model based on chlorophyll concentration (PPsat−chl−based), PPsat−aphy−based reduced model-measurement differences from ~62.8 to ~8.3% at HOT, along with well-matched seasonal cycle of PP (R2 = 0.76). There is not significant reduction in model-measurement differences between PPsat−chl−based and PPsat−aphy−based PP at BATS though (37.8 vs. 36.4%), but much better agreement in seasonal cycles with PPsat−aphy−based (R2 increased from 0.34 to 0.71). Our results point to improved estimation of PPsat by parameterized quantum yield along with phytoplankton absorption coefficient at the core