Diferencias de género en el éxito al dejar de fumar: resultados a corto y largo plazo [Gender differences in success at quitting smoking: Short- and long-term outcomes]

Los tratamientos para dejar de fumar son eficaces en hombres y mujeres. Sin embargo, las posibles diferencias encontradas en los resultados del tratamiento aún son objeto de controversia. Este estudio analiza si existen diferencias entre hombres y mujeres en el éxito al dejar de fumar a corto y largo plazo (> 1 año) con un programa de tratamiento que incluye la perspectiva de género. Se realizó una encuesta telefónica en fumadores atendidos en una unidad de tabaquismo. Los pacientes que completaron con éxito el tratamiento (3 meses), fueron encuestados telefónicamente para determinar su abstinencia a largo plazo; se validó la abstinencia mediante cooximetría (CO espirado =10 ppm) en los que se mantenían abstinentes. La probabilidad de permanecer abstinentes a largo plazo se calculó utilizando un análisis de supervivencia de Kaplan-Meier. La tasa de éxito del tratamiento fue de 41, 3% (538/1302), sin diferencias por sexo. El 89% (479/538) fue localizado por teléfono y el 47, 6% (256/479) se mantenía abstinente sin diferencias por sexo (p = , 519); la abstinencia fue validada en 191 de 256 (53, 9% hombres y 46, 1% mujeres). En el análisis de supervivencia, la probabilidad de que los hombres y las mujeres mantuvieran la abstinencia a largo plazo no fue significativa. No hay diferencias por sexo en el resultado del tratamiento para dejar de fumar, que incluyan aspectos de género, a corto y largo plazo (> 1 año). Smoking cessation treatments are effective in men and women. However, possible sex-related differences in the outcome of these treatments remain a controversial topic. This study evaluated whether there were differences between men and women in the success of smoking cessation treatment, including gender-tailored components, in the short and long term (> 1 year). A telephone survey was carried out between September 2008 and June 2009 in smokers attended in a Smoking Cessation Clinic. All patients who have successfully completed treatment (3 months) were surveyed by telephone to determine their long-term abstinence. Those who remained abstinent were requested to attend the Smoking Cessation Clinic for biochemical validation (expired CO =10 ppm). The probability of remaining abstinent in the long-term was calculated using a Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. The treatment success rate at 3-months was 41.3% (538/1302) with no differences by sex 89% (479/538) among those located in the telephonic follow-up study and 47.6% (256/479) were abstinent without differences by sex (p =.519); abstinence was validated with CO less than 10 ppm in 191 of the 256 (53.9% men and 46.1% women). In the survival analysis, the probability of men and women remaining abstinent in the long-term was not significant. There are no differences by sex in the outcome of smoking cessation treatment that included gender-tailored components in the short and long term (> 1 year)

Information Management within the LHC Hardware Commissioning Project

The core task of the commissioning of the LHC technical systems was the individual test of the 1572 superconducting circuits of the collider, the powering tests. The two objectives of these tests were the validation of the different sub-systems making each superconducting circuit as well as the validation of the superconducting elements of the circuits in their final configuration in the tunnel. A wide set of software applications were developed by the team in charge of coordinating the powering activities (Hardware Commissioning Coordination) in order to manage the amount of information required for the preparation, execution and traceability of the tests. In all the cases special care was taken in order to keep the tools consistent with the LHC quality assurance policy, avoid redundancies between applications, ensure integrity and coherence of the test results and optimise their usability within an accelerator operation environment. This paper describes the main characteristics of these tools; it details their positive impact on the completion on time of the LHC Hardware Commissioning Project and presents usage being envisaged during the coming years of operation of the LHC

Results of sardine daily egg production off the northern coast of Spain for April 2008.

This document presents the results of the SAREVA0408 ichthyoplankton survey conducted by IEO (Instituto Español de Oceanografía). This survey was carried out on board R/V Cornide de Saavedra during April 2008. The covered area was the North and North-western Iberian Peninsula waters and the inner part of the Bay of Biscay (from 42°N to 45°N).The present paper includes data on sardine (Sardina pilchardus) egg distribution and abundance from the SAREVA0408 survey, as well as the estimation of daily egg production (DEPM) for sardine in the North Spanish Atlantic, Cantabrian waters and south of the Bay of Biscay

Preliminary results of sardine daily egg production off the northern coast of Spain in April 2008.

This document presents the results of the SAREVA0408 ichthyoplankton survey conducted by IEO (Instituto Español de Oceanografía). This survey was carried out on board R/V Cornide de Saavedra for April 2008. The covered area was the North and North-western Iberian Peninsula waters and the inner part of the Bay of Biscay (from 42°N to 45°N).The present paper includes data on sardine (Sardina pilchardus) egg distribution and abundance from the SAREVA0408 survey, as well as the estimation of daily egg production (DEPM) for sardine in the north Spanish Atlantic, Cantabrian waters and south of the Bay of Biscay

Characterising the spawning habitats of sardine from the northern coast of Spain in april 2008

This document presents the results of the analysis from sardine (Sardina pilchardus) egg densities in relation to environmental (temperature, salinity) and geographic (longitude, depth) variables. Data were obtained from the SAREVA0408 ichthyoplankton survey conducted by IEO (Instituto Español de Oceanografía) in April 2008. Quotient analysis, temperature-salinity plots and time distribution for eggs per stage of development, were employed to study spawning habitat of the sardine off north Spanish Atlantic, Cantabrian waters and south of the Bay of Biscay

Performance of the Main Dipole Magnet Circuits of the LHC during Commissioning

During hardware commissioning of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), 8 main dipole circuits are tested at 1.9 K and up to their nominal current. Each dipole circuit contains 154 magnets of 15 m length, and has a total stored energy of up to 1.3 GJ. All magnets are wound from Nb-Ti superconducting Rutherford cables, and contain heaters to quickly force the transition to the normal conducting state in case of a quench, and hence reduce the hot spot temperature. In this paper the performance of the first three of these circuits is presented, focussing on quench detection, heater performance, operation of the cold bypass diodes, and magnet-to-magnet quench propagation. The results as measured on the entire circuits will be compared to the test results obtained during the reception tests of the individual magnets

Performance of the Superconducting Corrector Magnet Circuits during the Commissioning of the LHC

The LHC is a complex machine requiring more than 7400 superconducting corrector magnets distributed along a circumference of 26.7 km. These magnets are powered in 1446 different electrical circuits at currents ranging from 60 A up to 600 A. Among the corrector circuits the 600 A corrector magnets form the most diverse and differentiated group. All together, about 60000 high current connections had to be made. A fault in a circuit or one of the superconducting connections would have severe consequences for the accelerator operation. All magnets are wound from various types of Nb-Ti superconducting strands, and many contain parallel protection resistors to by-pass the current still flowing in the other magnets of the same circuit when they quench. In this paper the performance of these magnet circuits is presented, focussing on the quench behaviour of the magnets. Quench detection and the performance of the electrical interconnects will be dealt with. The results as measured on the entire circuits are compared to the test results obtained at the reception of the individual magnets