Способ переработки бериллиевого сырья

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate some parameters of dental etching when irradiated with an erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser. One-hundred sound human third molars were selected and randomly distributed into ten groups (n = 10). The class V cavities of group 1 (control) were prepared with a bur and etched with 37% phosphoric acid, while groups G2 to G10, were prepared with laser (5 W, 88.46 J/cm(2), 90/70% air/water) and etched with the following powers: G3 and G4, 0.25 W; G5 and G6, 0.5 W; G7 and G8, 0.75 W; G9 and G10, 1 W. Group G2 received no laser etching. Prior to restoration, G2, G4, G6, G8 and G10 received acid etching. After restoration, all samples were submitted to a microleakage test. According to statistical analysis (Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn`s tests), G10 presented the lowest microleakage values (P < 0.05). The other groups showed no differences between them. Etching with Er,Cr:YSGG laser (1 W) followed by phosphoric acid was effective in reducing the microleakage of class V restorations.Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)[98/14270-8]Biolase for the interchange accomplished with the Laboratorio Especial de Laser em Odontologia (LELO

Community-oriented medical education: collective interventions in the learning process about nets and intersetorial health practices

INTRODUÇÃO: Considerando-se que os cuidados e a atenção à saúde transpassam as barreiras físicas do consultório médico e podem se efetivar em diversos âmbitos e por diferentes profissionais, buscou-se, por meio de dois projetos de intervenção, contribuir para a articulação entre os equipamentos sociais, a população e os funcionários de duas Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS). Tal atividade faz parte da formação de estudantes do curso de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo e teve como foco enfatizar o aspecto da intersetorialidade na prática médica e sua relação com a promoção da saúde. OBJETIVOS: Primariamente, descreve-se a construção de materiais informativos de fácil acesso (folder e cartilha) sobre os equipamentos sociais existentes na região e sua divulgação para funcionários e usuários da UBS. Secundariamente, espera-se refletir sobre os efeitos da condução desses projetos na educação médica. METODOLOGIA: São descritos os percursos de dois projetos de intervenção, bem como sua avaliação por parte dos profissionais de saúde, usuários dos serviços envolvidos e também como parte do processo de educação médica. Um quadro síntese aponta as semelhanças e as diferenças dos projetos. RESULTADOS: Notou-se que grande parte dos funcionários conhecia e, de certa forma, utilizava parte dos equipamentos existentes no território. O desconhecimento de outros equipamentos foi diretamente relacionado à maior distância desses em relação a UBS. A construção de material informativo na forma de cartilha e folder foi avaliado de forma positiva pelos serviços e pela comunidade envolvidos. CONCLUSÃO: Foi possível concluir que a confecção desses materiais atendeu a uma das demandas de saúde dessas comunidades e, apesar de simples, eles contribuirão para a estruturação de redes de cuidado. Ademais, a aproximação com o SUS e o desenvolvimento de conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes ao longo da prática possibilitaram um aprendizado significativo.INTRODUCTION: Considering that health care runs through the physical barriers of the medical office and can be accomplished in different scopes and by different professionals, we sought, through two intervention projects, contribute to the articulation between the social equipments, population and employees of two Primary Care Units (PCUs). This activity is part of the formation of medical students at the University of São Paulo and focused on emphasizing the aspect of intersectoriality in medical practice and its relation to health promotion. OBJECTIVES: Primarily, we describe the construction of easily accessible informational materials (folder and booklet) about the social equipments available in the region and its disclosure to staff and users of the PCU. Secondly, it is expected to reflect on the effects of these projects on the medical education. METHODOLOGY: We describe the courses of two intervention projects as well as its assessment by health professionals, service users involved and also as part of the process of medical education. A summary table shows the similarities and differences between the projects. RESULTS: It was noted that most of the staff knew and, to some extent, used part of the equipments in the territory. The unfamiliarity of other equipments was directly related to the greater distance of these in relation to the PCU. The construction of informational material in the form of booklet and folder was evaluated positively by the services and the community involved. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the production of these materials met the health demands of these communities and, although simple, will contribute to the structuring of care networks. Furthermore, the approximation with the SUS and the development of knowledge, skills and attitudes over the practice enabled a significant learning

Globetrotting strangles: the unbridled national and international transmission of Streptococcus equi between horses.

The equine disease strangles, which is characterized by the formation of abscesses in the lymph nodes of the head and neck, is one of the most frequently diagnosed infectious diseases of horses around the world. The causal agent, Streptococcus equi subspecies equi, establishes a persistent infection in approximately 10 % of animals that recover from the acute disease. Such 'carrier' animals appear healthy and are rarely identified during routine veterinary examinations pre-purchase or transit, but can transmit S. equi to naïve animals initiating new episodes of disease. Here, we report the analysis and visualization of phylogenomic and epidemiological data for 670 isolates of S. equi recovered from 19 different countries using a new core-genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) web bioresource. Genetic relationships among all 670 S. equi isolates were determined at high resolution, revealing national and international transmission events that drive this endemic disease in horse populations throughout the world. Our data argue for the recognition of the international importance of strangles by the Office International des Épizooties to highlight the health, welfare and economic cost of this disease. The Pathogenwatch cgMLST web bioresource described herein is available for tailored genomic analysis of populations of S. equi and its close relative S. equi subspecies zooepidemicus that are recovered from horses and other animals, including humans, throughout the world. This article contains data hosted by Microreact

On the direct generation of non-linear variational principles by a convex analysis approach

Symposium on Trends in the Applications of Mathematics to Mechanics, Ed. P.E. O’Donoghue e J.N. Flavin, Elsevier, Parigi, 58-65, 200

Well-posedness and numerical performances of the strain gap method

A mixed method of approximation is discussed starting from a suitably modified expression of the Hu-Washizu variational principle in which the independent fields are displacements, stresses and strain gaps defined as the difference between compatible strains and strain fields. The well-posedness of the discrete problem is discussed and necessary and sufficient conditions are provided. The analysis of the mixed method reveals that the discrete problem can be split into a reduced problem and in a stress recovery. Accordingly, the discrete stress solution is univocally determined once an interpolating stress subspace is chosen. The enhanced assumed strain method by Simo and Rifai is based on an orthogonality condition between stresses and enhanced strains and coincides with the reduced problem. It is shown that the mixed method is stable and converges. Computational issues in the context of the finite element method are discussed in detail and numerical performances and comparisons are carried out