1,133 research outputs found
Tunnelling Effects in a Brane System and Quantum Hall Physics
We argue that a system of interacting D-branes, generalizing a recent
proposal, can be modelled as a Quantum Hall fluid. We show that tachyon
condensation in such a system is equivalent to one particle tunnelling. In a
conformal field theory effective description, that induces a transition from a
theory with central charge c=2 to a theory with c=3/2, with a corresponding
symmetry enhancement.Comment: 12 pages, no figures, Latex, some aspects clarified, sect.3 expanded,
references adde
Puerto Rico\u27s Unique Relationship to the United States An Overview of the Historical Relationship, the Island\u27s Evolving Political System and Immigration to the Mainland
Senior Project submitted to The Division of Social Studies of Bard College
A general interpolation scheme for thermal fluctuations in superconductors
We present a general interpolation theory for the phenomenological effects of
thermal fluctuations in superconductors. Fluctuations are described by a simple
gauge invariant extension of the gaussian effective potential for the
Ginzburg-Landau static model. The approach is shown to be a genuine variational
method, and to be stationary for infinitesimal gauge variations around the
Landau gauge. Correlation and penetration lengths are shown to depart from the
mean field behaviour in a more or less wide range of temperature below the
critical regime, depending on the class of material considered. The method is
quite general and yields a very good interpolation of the experimental data for
very different materials.Comment: some misprints have been corrected in Eq.(15),(19); more references
and comments have been adde
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O-GlcNAc modification blocks the aggregation and toxicity of the protein α-synuclein associated with Parkinson's disease.
Several aggregation-prone proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases can be modified by O-linked N-acetyl-glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) in vivo. One of these proteins, α-synuclein, is a toxic aggregating protein associated with synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease. However, the effect of O-GlcNAcylation on α-synuclein is not clear. Here, we use synthetic protein chemistry to generate both unmodified α-synuclein and α-synuclein bearing a site-specific O-GlcNAc modification at the physiologically relevant threonine residue 72. We show that this single modification has a notable and substoichiometric inhibitory effect on α-synuclein aggregation, while not affecting the membrane binding or bending properties of α-synuclein. O-GlcNAcylation is also shown to affect the phosphorylation of α-synuclein in vitro and block the toxicity of α-synuclein that was exogenously added to cells in culture. These results suggest that increasing O-GlcNAcylation may slow the progression of synucleinopathies and further support a general function for O-GlcNAc in preventing protein aggregation
On the Zero-Slope Limit of the Compactified Closed Bosonic String
In the framework of the compactified closed bosonic string theory with the
extra spatial coordinates being circular with radius , we perform both the
zero-slope limit and the limit of the tree scattering
amplitude of four massless scalar particles. We explicitly show that this
double limit leads to amplitudes involving scalars which interact through the
exchange of a scalar, spin 1 and spin 2 particle. In particular, this latter
case reproduces the same result obtained in linearized quantum gravity.Comment: 10 pages, LaTex file, DSF-T-43/9
Point-like topological defects in bilayer quantum Hall systems
Following a suggestion given in Phys. Lett. B 571 (2003) 250, we show how a
bilayer Quantum Hall system at fillings nu =m/pm+2 can exhibit a point-like
topological defect in its edge state structure. Indeed our CFT theory for such
a system, the Twisted Model (TM), gives rise in a natural way to such a feature
in the twisted sector. Our results are in agreement with recent experimental
findings (cond-mat/0503478) which evidence the presence of a topological defect
in the bilayer system.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figure
Immunoglobulin G from bovine milk primes intestinal epithelial cells for increased colonization of bifidobacteria
peer-reviewedAbstract
A bovine colostrum fraction (BCF) was recently shown to enhance the adherence of several commensal organisms to intestinal epithelial cells through modulating the epithelial cell surface. In this study, the main components of the BCF were examined to investigate the active component/s responsible for driving the changes in the intestinal cells. The adherence of various bifidobacteria to HT-29 cells was increased when the intestinal cells were pre-incubated with immunoglobulin G (IgG). Modulation of the intestinal cells by IgG was concentration dependent with 16 mg/mL IgG resulting in a 43-fold increase in the adhesion of Bifidobacterium longum NCIMB 8809 to HT-29 cells. Periodate treatment of colostral IgG prior to performing the colonization studies resulted in a reduction in the adhesion of the strain to the intestinal cells demonstrating that the glycans of IgG may be important in modulating the intestinal cells for enhanced commensal adhesion. IgG isolated from mature milk also resulted in significant increases in adhesion of the Bifidobacterium strains tested albeit at reduced levels (3.9-fold). The impact of IgG on the HT-29 cells was also visualised via scanning electron microscopy. This study builds a strong case for the inclusion of IgG ingredients sourced from cow’s milk in functional foods aimed at increasing numbers of health promoting bacteria in the human gut
A novel plasma jet with RF and HF coupled electrodes
In order to achieve low processing temperature and efficient coatings deposition for manufacturing applications, a novel torch has been developed that couples in a double DBD design high frequency (HF ~17 kHz) and radio frequency (RF ~27 MHz) excitations. The design allows to obtain a stable RF plasma also in reactive processes and with the possibility to control on the treated substrates ions flux and surface charging, avoiding the micro-discharges. The plasma has been electrically and optically characterized by emission spectroscopy
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