Analisis Penguasaan Konsep Siswa SMP pada Materi Cahaya dan Alat Optik

Penguasaan konsep merupakan faktor penting dalam pembelajaran. Cahaya dan alat optik merupakan salah satu konsep IPA yang sering dijumpai dalam penerapan kehidupan sehari-hari dan dikenal sejak awal perkembangan siswa tetapi penguasaan konsep siswa masih rendah [1], [2]. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penguasaan konsep siswa SMP pada materi cahaya dan alat optik. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif. Jumlah sampel yaitu 136 siswa SMP kelas IX yang terdiri dari 30 siswa kelas unggulan dan 106 siswa kelas reguler. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan terdiri dari 20 soal pilihan ganda. Soal telah divalidasi dan telah diuji reliabilitasnya dalam kategori sedang (Cronbach’s Alpha: 0,60). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Penguasaan konsep siswa materi cahaya dan alat optik diperoleh nilai rerata sebesar 63,26 menunjukkan kategori baik. Hasil analisis nilai rerata penguasaan konsep siswa pada kelas unggulan sebesar 76,83 termasuk kategori baik dan kelas reguler 59,43 termasuk kategori cukup. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa masih terdapat siswa yang mengalami kesulitan dalam menguasai konsep cahaya dan alat optik. Pendidik dapat menggunakan hasil penelitian ini untuk mengembangkan penelitian berikutnya dengan memberikan perlakuan atau remidiasi, sehingga dapat mengantisipasi dan memperbaiki kesalahan konsep atau kesulitan-kesulitan yang dialami oleh siswa

The Ability of Problem-based Learning (PBL) to Improve Problem-solving Skills on Heat Topic Among High School Students

Problem-solving should be improved to support students’ competence in solving physics problems as well as problems that occur in daily life. The initial research showed that high school students in Tulungagung have low level of problem-solving skills at 41.2% and 39.4%, respectively. Therefore, this study aims to determine the improvement of the problem-solving skills among high school students at PGRI Kalangbret who had been taught problem-based learning on the topic of heat. This study used research design of mixed methods embedded experimental model. The subjects consisted of 30 students at class X MIPA. This research used quantitative analysis to analyze the effect size test, N-gain test, paired t-test, and qualitative with the help of coding and data reduction, from pretest, pottest, observation, and field notes. Based on the results, it was found that students’ problem-solving skill were improved after being taught with problem-based learning (PBL) on heat topic with an average N-gain score of 0.41; and effect size 1.66. Keywords: problem-based learning, problem-solving skills, high schoo

THE DEVELOPMENT OF MENTAL MODELS TEST ON HEAT AND TEMPERATURE

PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN MODEL MENTAL PADA TOPIK SUHU DAN KALORAbstrakKami telah mengembangkan tes sebagai analisis model mental pada materi suhu dan kalor. Penelitian pengembangan ini didasarkan pada pentingnya mengetahui tingkatan model mental siswa. Model mental merupakan representasi internal siswa dalam memahami sebuah konsep.  Penelitian ini menggunakan model pengembangan 4-D. Produk yang dihasilkan merupakan instrumen analisis model mental berupa soal terbuka.  Selanjutnya, instrumen tes model mental diujicobakan kepada responden (N=90) untuk mengukur validitas dan reliabilitas. Tes yang telah dikembangkan terdiri dari 8 soal dengan reliabilitas sebesar 0,667. Berdasarkan analisis data, instrumen tes model mental pada materi suhu dan kalor layak digunakan sebagai instrumen penilaian. AbstractWe have developed test inventory as an analysis of mental models on heat and temperature topics. This development research based on the importance of knowing the level of students' mental models. The mental models are a student’s internal representation of understanding a concept. This study uses a 4-D model. The product being produced is a mental model analysis consists of open-ended questions. Furthermore, mental models test were tested on respondents (N = 90) to measure the validity and reliability. The test that has been developed consists of 8 questions with a value of reliability is 0.667. Based on data analysis, the test of mental models on heat and temperature topics is feasible to use as an assessment instrument.

Analysis of Nanoporous Semiconductor Film Thickness Effect on Short Circuit Current Density of β-Carotene Dye based DSSC: Theoretical and Experimental Approach

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) made of TiO2 have received increasing attention since O’Regan and Gratzel published their work in Nature in 1991 [1]. Some studies have been conducted to determine the effect of the TiO2 electrode thickness on the DSSC performance. Nevertheless, the effect of the electrode thickness on the J–V characteristics, especially the short circuit current density (Jsc), has not been adequately addressed. Therefore, in this investigation, parametric analyses were conducted to study the DSSC electrode thickness effect on Jsc. Diffusion model was used to derive the equation of nanoporous semiconductor film thickness (d) dependence on Jsc. TiO2 paste was prepared using same method as Ref. [2]. The cells I-V curve were characterized using a computerized digital multi-meter (Keithley 2400) with a variable load. The cells short circuit current (Jsc) data gotten from the I-V characterization were plotted as the function of the thickness of TiO2 films. The result of the data plot was then compared and fitted with the theoretical modelling result. It is apparent that the DSSC performance largely depends on the TiO2 film thickness. The results was also showed that the diffusion model provided good approximation to describe the dependence of Jsc on the film thickness of DSSC.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um024v4i12019p00

Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah Mampu Meningkatkan Kemampuan Metakognisi Siswa SMA

Penelitian ini fokus untuk meningkatkan kemampuan metakognisi dengan penggunaan pembelajaran berbasis masalah pada materi suhu dan kalor. Sebanyak 30 siswa  kelas XI MIPA 8  menjadi subjek penelitian. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMAN 1 Kedungwaru Tulungagung. Penelitian ini menggunakan model kuantitatif-kualitatif (mixed methods). Penelitian ini menunjukan hasil yang positif, didapatkan nilai N-Gain termasuk ke dalam kategori sedang sebesar 0,46 dan effect size yang masuk dalam kategori sangat kuat yaitu 2,55. Kemampuan metakognisi siswa meningkat pada indikator declarative knowledge, prosedural knowledge, conditinal knowledge dan information, planning, monitoring, evaluation, debugging

Peningkatan Penguasaan Konsep Siswa pada Materi Hukum Newton melalui Model Learning Cycle 7E dalam Kerangka PCK

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan bahan ajar fisika dengan model learning cycle 7E terintegerasi PCK pada materi hukum Newton yang layak, praktis, dan efektif untuk meningkatkan keterampilan proses sains dan pemahaman konseptual siswa. Penelitian ini menerapkan rancangan model 4D (define, design, develop, dan disseminate). Hasil uji coba kelompok kecil diperoleh persentase kelayakan sebesar 86,26% (sangat baik). Dengan demikian bahan ajar PCK learning cycle 7E layak untuk digunakan dalam pembelajaran. Hasil nilai observasi keterlaksanaan pembelajaran diperoleh persentase sebesar 93,27% (sangat praktis). Hasil uji Mann-Whitney pada nilai posttest kelas kontrol diperoleh nilai Asymp. Sig sebesar 0,250 dan kelas eksperimen nilai Asymp. Sig sebesar 0,024. Hasil analisis uji Mann-Whitney memberikan informasi bahwa terdapat perbedaan nilai Asymp.Sig kelas eksperimen lebih besar daripada kelas kontrol. Beradasarkan hasil analisis uji Mann-Whitney dapat disimpulkan bahwa bahan ajar fisika efektif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan penguasaan konsep siswa.

Effect of PbS Thin Film Thickness with Cu-Doping on Thermoelectric Properties Using Spin Coating Method

A thermoelectric device is produced from several materials that can convert heat into electrical energy or vice versa by generating the Seebeck effect and the Peltier effect. Then the energy can be formed from a heat source. This research used copper monosulfide (CuS) and lead monosulfide (PbS) as the primary materials for thermoelectric manufacture in the form of films. The method used in this research is a spin coating. This method uses the procedure of making a thin film on the substrate. The choice of this material is because CuS and PbS have high electrical conductivity and low thermal conductivity, so the value figure of merit (ZT) is high. From the thin film produced, an annealing process will be carried out to remove unwanted elements. After the sample is finished, the electrical conductivity test will be carried out with four probes, x-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The four probes' conductivity test characterization results for one-layer, two-layers, and three-layers variations are 27.4 S/m, 53.6 S/m, and 106.8 S/m, respectively. From the SEM results, the grain size obtained from one-layer, two-layers, and three-layers variations are 227.9 nm, 397.8 nm, and 269.6 nm, respectively. Based on the XRD results, the crystal size obtained for variations of one-layer, two-layers, and three-layers has a size of 43.65 nm, 43.55 nm, and 43.60 nm, respectively. Furthermore, the lattice parameter has the same value from each sample variation, which is 5.93 Å.DOI: 10.17977/um024v7i22022p06

Using STEM-Based 3D-Multimedia to Improve Students' Critical Thinking Skills in Uniform Circular Motion

Students' low critical thinking skills are an obstacle in learning uniform circular motion. The aim of the study was to describe the effect of using STEM-based 3D-multimedia in improving the critical thinking skills of students from the northern coast of Java in uniform circular motion material. This research is a pre-experimental with a one-group pre-test post-test design. The research sample was 26 students of class X-IPA MA Hasyimiyah Bancar. The treatment of the samples was carried out by using STEM-based 3D-multimedia during four face-to-face lessons in class. The results show that the students' critical thinking skills improved by 56,1% after the implementation of the STEM-based 3D multimedia. This quantitative result is proven by critical thinking skills indicators that can be identified in the students' critical thinking skills test answers. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of STEM-based 3D-multimedia enhanced the students' critical thinking skills in uniform circular motion quite significantly

Kesulitan Siswa SMA dalam Menguasai Suhu dan Kalor

Penulisan artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap kesulitan siswa dalam menguasai topik suhu dan kalor. Pengetahuan yang terpotong-potong mengakibatkan siswa kesulitan dalam menguasai konsep sehingga berdampak pada kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa. Salah satu pembelajaran yang dapat melatih meningkatkan penguasaan konsep siswa adalah Modeling Instruction (MI). Penelitian ini telah menerapkan pembelajaran MI pada topik suhu dan kalor ditingkat SMA

PENINGKATAN LITERASI SAINS GURU IPA MTs MELALUI PENGOLAHAN BAHAN ALAM LOKAL MENJADI BAHAN IMPLAN TULANG

Abstrak: Pendidikan sains memiliki peranan strategis dalam menyiapkan sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas untuk menghadapi era globalisasi. Hasil studi PISA pada tahun 2015 menunjukkan, literasi sains anak Indonesia memiliki nilai rata-rata 403, berada pada peringkat 69 dari 76 negara dan masih dibawah nilai rata-rata yakni 493. Guru sebagai ujung tombak perubahan dalam pendidikan memiliki potensi strategis untuk meningkatkan literasi sains siswanya. Kegiatan ini bertujuan meningkatkan literasi sains Guru IPA MTs kota Malang melalui pengolahan batukapur Druju Malang sebagai bahan implan tulang. Metode yang digunakan untuk mencapai target dan luaran adalah pelatihan yang dilaksanakan dalam 5 tahap kegiatan. Tahap1: pemberian materi tentang hidroksiapatit: sintesis, karakteristik dan aplikasinya. Tahap 2: pengenalan raw material dan peralatan sintesis. Tahap 3: proses sintesis hidroksiapatit. Tahap 4: pendampingan analisis data hasil karakterisasi XRD dan SEM-EDX. Tahap 5: mengukur keberhasilan peningkatan literasi sains melalui tes. Data literasi sains diperoleh dari 20 guru, dari 14 MTs yang tersebar di wilayah kota Malang. Secara keseluruhan literasi sains guru IPA MTs kota Malang mendapatkan nilai rata-rata 74 dari kriteria keberhasilan yang ditetapkan minimal 75, oleh karena itu masih dalam kategori cukup. Kemampuan literasi sains Guru IPA MTs kota Malang berpotensi untuk meningkatkan literasi sains siswanya. Solusi yang diperoleh perluanya kegiatan yang berkelanjutan.Abstract: Science education has a strategic role in preparing quality human resources to face the era of globalization. The results of the PISA study in 2015 showed that the scientific literacy of Indonesian children had an average score of 403, ranked 69th out of 76 countries and still below the average score of 493. Teachers as the spearhead of change in education have strategic potential to improve scientific literacy his students. This activity aims to improve the scientific literacy of MTs Malang science teachers through the processing of Druju Malang limestone as bone implant material. The method used to achieve targets and outcomes is training which is carried out in 5 stages of activity. Stage 1: providing material about hydroxyapatite: synthesis, characteristics and applications. Stage 2: introduction of raw materials and synthesis equipment. Stage 3: hydroxyapatite synthesis process. Stage 4: assistance in analyzing data from XRD and SEM-EDX characterization results. Stage 5: measuring the success of increasing scientific literacy through tests. Science literacy data was obtained from 20 teachers, from 14 MTs spread across the city of Malang. Overall, the science literacy of the MTs Malang science teachers got an average score of 74 from the success criteria set at least 75, therefore it was still in the sufficient category. The scientific literacy ability of MTs science teachers in Malang has the potential to improve the scientific literacy of their students. The solution obtained is the need for sustainable activities