The effect of rhythm unit length on the duration of vowels in Serbian

The paper presents the results of two studies of vowel duration depending on the length of rhythm unit in standard Serbian. The goal of the studies was to find out whether the number of unstressed syllables in one rhythm unit affects the duration of stressed vowels in Serbian. The results of both studies reveal a tendency towards the reduction of the duration of stressed vowels with the expansion of a rhythm unit. The studies were carried out in order to determine the nature of rhythm in Serbian and establish its typology (stress-timed or syllable-timed). The general purpose of the research was to establish whether vocalic length in relation to the rhythm unit length can be applied in speech synthesis to improve the performance of the existing speech synthesizer for the Serbian language

Ingredients and homogenization impact on rheological properties of salad mayonnaise with banana paste

U ovom radu istraživan je utjecaj žumanjka jajeta, mliječne komponente, vrste ugljikohidrata, brzine rotora, vremena homogenizacije na reološka svojstva salatne majoneze s kašom banane. Za izradu majoneze korištene su različite vrste biljnih ulja: suncokretovo ulje, bučino ulje i rižino ulje. Mehanički proces homogenizacije majoneze proveden je kod 10 000 o/min i vremenu od 3 minute pri sobnoj temperaturi. Majoneze sa 65 % uljnom fazom izrađene su po tradicionalnoj recepturi bez dodanog konzervansa čime je trajnost proizvoda vremenski ograničena. Mjerenja reoloških svojstava provedena su na rotacijskom viskozimetru s koncentričnim cilindrima, pri temperaturama 25 ⁰C i 10 ⁰C. Iz dobivenih podataka izračunati su reološki parametri: prividna viskoznost, koeficijent konzistencije i indeks tečenja. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da mliječna komponenta, žumanjak i vrste ugljikohidrata utječu na reološka svojstva salatne majoneze s kašom banane. Porastom brzine rotora i vremena trajanja procesa homogenizacije mijenjaju se reološka svojstva salatne majoneze.This paper shall research the influence of types of eggs yolk, types of milk components, types of sugar, rotor speed, homogenisation time on the rheological properties of the salad mayonnaise with banana paste. Different sorts of vegetable oils were used during the research: sunflower oil, pumpkin seed oil and rice oil. The mechanical process of homogenisation of the mayonnaise has been done at 10.000 revolutions per minute for 3 minutes at room temperature. Mayonnaise with a 65% oil phase is made according to the traditional recipe without added conservatives, which limits its durability. The rheological measurements were performed on a rotating viscometer with concentric cylinders, at 25 ⁰C and 10 ⁰C. With the use of these results the rheological parameters – apparent viscosity, consistency coefficient and flow behaviour index – have been calculated. Research results show that the milk component, egg yolk and types of sugar influence the rheological properties of the salad mayonnaise with banana paste. An increase of rotor speed and the homogenisation process time alter the rheological properties of the salad mayonnaise

Why should gender differences in hospitality really matter? A study of personnel’s service orientation and job satisfaction in hotels

In this article we examine the gender differences among hotel employees in service orientation and job satisfaction. To determine these differences, we used a service orientation scale (SOS), developed by Dienhart, Gregoire, Downey and Knight and a job satisfaction scale developed by Lytle. Our assumptions were that there would be significant gender differences in service orientation and job satisfaction. Our research proved factor structures of the two scales we used. Specifically, we showed gender differences in two of three factors, concerning service orientation (organisational support and customer focus), and no gender differences in job satisfaction. Our study revealed that organisational support is more important to men because they value more structured labour and service procedures than women (t = 2.21, df = 110, p = 0.03). In contrast, customer focus is more relevant to a women because it is more crucial to see satisfied guests, as well as having a good relationship with them (t = 2.07, df = 110, p = 0.04). It is of great importance for hotel management to have in mind that male and female employees respond and behave differently depending on the stimuli in the work environment and their satisfaction varies because of it

Alcohol consumption among adolescents in the City of Zagreb and the presence of alcohol drinking among their parents

– Daily clinical practice, as well as numerous studies, shows that the problem of auto-aggression, and with that the problem of alcohol consumption among youth, is increasing and at the present time, is very actual. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of alcohol use among adolescents in the city of Zagreb, and if the presence of alcoholism in their families was a risk factor for the development of tendency for excessive alcohol consumption. The study was conducted on 701 subjects – both genders. Subjects were students of high schools in the city of Zagreb from the ages 14 to 19. For the data collection, we used a structured questionnaire which included questions about demographic and family information and a standardized questionnaire, Autodestruction Scale (ADS). ADS is an instrument that measures the self-destructive tendencies in the personality of the individual and consists of 107 statements (questions). According to the results of our study, from the total number of high school students 56.6% had consumed alcohol without the knowledge of their parents, 22.3% of them had experience in excessive alcohol consumption whereby boys were significantly more often inclined to do so compared to girls. In addition, this study has shown that 21.8% of adolescents have fathers who drink alcohol often or very often, while alcohol consumption among mothers of adolescents is not statistically significant

Development of suitable working Protocol for in vitro Tape Stripping: A Case Study with biocompatible Aceclofenac-loaded topical Nanoemulsions

Considering the numerous organizational and legislative issues associated with in vivo studies, the present study aimed to develop in vitro tape stripping protocol that could serve as a prospective technique for skin penetration studies. The research was mainly focused on the suitability of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) measurements, as a barrier integrity test for porcine ear skin subjected to freezing/thawing procedure, as well as on the selection of the most suitable device for pressing adhesive tapes onto the porcine ear surface during skin stripping procedure. Obtained results suggest that TEWL measurements were able to detect the damage of the stratum corneum (SC) caused by physical impairment (using adhesive tapes) and tissue degradation/dehydration (prolonged storage at –20ºC/ambient conditions). Penetration profiles of aceclofenac from nanoemulsions based on sucrose esters or polysorbate 80 as coemulsifiers, obtained in vitro (using a roller as pressure device), were in a good agreement with data obtained in vivo on humans, supporting the use of developed in vitro tape-stripping protocol in skin formulation development and optimization

Inclusion of Persons with Disabilities in the Community

Cilj ovog rada bio je ispitati uključenost osoba s invaliditetom u zajednicu te analizirati povezanost sociodemografskih obilježja sudionika i njihovih funkcionalnih sposobnosti s uključenošću u zajednicu. Istraživanje je provedeno u okviru projekta “Socijalni položaj osoba s invaliditetom u Hrvatskoj” koje je provelo Ministarstvo obitelji, branitelja i međugeneracijske solidarnosti u suradnji s Pravnim fakultetom u Zagrebu. Istraživanje je provedeno 2009. godine na teritoriju Republike Hrvatske na 689 osoba. Za potrebe ovog rada podaci su ponderirani i u konačni uzorak za analizu je ušao 391 sudionik. Kao mjerni instrument korištena je Skala uključenosti u zajednicu konstruirana za ovo istraživanje. Provjera metrijskih karakteristika subskala izvršena je faktorskom analizom. Skala uključenosti u zajednicu dala je 7 subskala: korištenje moderne tehnologije i stručne literature, informiranost i sveobuhvatna aktivnost u lokalnoj zajednici, čitanje tiska (dnevnika, tjednika i mjesečnika), dobrosusjedska pomoć, neformalna druženja u lokalnoj zajednici, samozastupanje osoba s invaliditetom i korištenje slobodnog vremena. Rezultati su pokazali da su osobe s invaliditetom nedovoljno uključene u život zajednice. Funkcionalne sposobnosti visoko koreliraju s uključenošću osoba s invaliditetom u život zajednice. Sociodemografska obilježja su se pokazala statistički značajnima s obzirom na uključenost u zajednicu. Obrazovanje, zapošljavanje, materijalne prilike i zadovoljstvo životom su vrlo bitne komponente za uključivanje osoba s invaliditetom u zajednicu.The purpose of this paper was to examine the inclusion of persons with disabilities in the community and to analyse the connection between socio-demographic characteristics of the participants and their functional abilities with the inclusion in the community. The research was carried out as a part of the project “Social position of persons with disabilities in Croatia”, which was carried out by The Ministry of the Family, Veterans’ Affairs and Intergenerational Solidarity in cooperation with the Faculty of Law in Zagreb. The research was carried out in 2009 on the territory of the Republic of Croatia on a sample of 689 people. For the purpose of this paper the data were pondered and 391 participant was included in the final sample for analysis. The inclusion in the community scale which was constructed for this research was used as a measuring instrument. The control of metrical characteristics of the subscales was done by factor analysis. The inclusion scale was made of 7 subscales: the usage of modern technology and scientific literature, the level of information and overall activity in the local community, press reading (daily, weekly and monthly), good neighbourly help, informal company in the local community, self-representation of persons with disabilities and the use of leisure time. The results indicated that persons with disabilities were insufficiently involved in the community life. Functional abilities highly correlated with the inclusion of persons with disabilities in the community life. Socio-demographic features appeared statistically significant in relation to the inclusion in the community. Education, employment, material circumstances and life satisfaction were very important components for inclusion of persons with disabilities in the community

Uticaj primene bakterijskih inokulanata i strukture smeše na kvalitet silaže grahorice i ovsa

The experiment was carried out to evaluate the possibility of ensiling common vetch - oat mixtures sown at five different seeding rates. Two effects were studied: seeding rate of common vetch and oat in the mixtures and application of bacterial inoculant. The pH, DM (Dry Matter) content, ammonia nitrogen, soluble nitrogen, lactic, acetic and butyric acids were determined on silages. DLG method was utilized for classification the silage quality. Common vetch and oat were grown in binary mixtures at the experimental field of the Institute for forage crops, Kruševac - Serbia, and were tested at five different mixture rates: pure vetch, 25% vetch + 75% oat, 50% vetch + 50% oat, 75% vetch + 25% oat and pure oat. Application of bacterial inoculant affected higher content of ammonia nitrogen and acetic acid (P lt 0.05), but lower content of soluble nitrogen (P lt 0.05). Depending on the seeding rates of common vetch and oat, 75 : 25 common vetch - oat silage had the highest content of lactic acid and the lowest content of butyric acid. Contents of DM, pH and ammonia nitrogen were similar in all silages ranged from 307.2 to 318.5 g kg-1 , from 4.27 to 4.54 and from 16.1 to 19.1% ΣN, respectively. According to the DLG method for silage quality evaluation, similar quality grades were founded.Istraživanje je sprovedeno da bi se procenila mogućnost siliranja smeša grahorice i ovsa posejanih u pet različitih odnosa. Ispitivana su dva faktora: udeo semena grahorice i ovsa u smeši i primena inokulanta pri siliranju. Sadržaj suve materiije, pH, sadržaj amonijačnog i rastvorljivog azota, kao i sadržaj sirćetne, buterne i mlečne kiseline je utvrđen u silaži. Za ocenu kvaliteta silaže je korišćena DLG i metoda po Weissbach-u. Ogled je postavljen na eksperimentalnom polju Instituta za krmno bilje u Kruševcu, Srbija, i ispitavanja su obuhvatila pet različitih smeša: čist usev grahorice, 25% grahorice + 75% ovsa, 50% grahorice + 50% ovsa, 75% grahorice + 25% ovsa i čist usev ovsa. Rezultati suobrađeni kao dvofaktorijalni ogled, analizom varijanse korišćenjem modela koji objašnjava uticaj structure smeše i primene inokulanta na kvalitet silaže. Primena bakterijskog inokulanta je uzrokovala veći sadržaj amonijačnog azota i sirćetne kiseline (P lt 0.05), ali niži sadržaj rastvorljivog azota. Smeša u kojoj je odnos grahorice i ovsa bio 75:25 sadržala je najveći udeo mlečne kiseline i najmanji udeo buterne kiseline. Sadržaj suve materije, pH i amonijačnog azota je bio sličan u svim silažama i kretao se od 307,2 do 318,5 g kg-1 , od 4,27 do 4,54 i od 16,1 do 19,1% ΣN, respektivno. Na osnovu ocene kvaliteta silaže prema DLG i Weissbach metodi utvrđen je približan kvalitet ispitivanih silaža

Synthesis of fibrous SiC from natural precursor

Fibrous magnesio-silicate (mountain leather asbestos) of Serbian origin was used as Si precursor for the synthesis of SiC by carbothermal-reduction process [1, 2]. As a reducing agent, sugar (saccharose) was used. Formation of SiC was confirmed by XRD analysis and optical microscopy images. Results showed that obtained SiC possess fibrous morphology. Due to the experimental procedure MgF2 is also formed, which is known as an excellent additive for sintering of non-oxide ceramics.Physical chemistry 2006 : 8th international conference on fundamental and applied aspects of physical chemistry; Belgrade (Serbia); 26-29 September 200

Parametri kvaliteta suncokretovog ulja i palminog oleina tokom višestrukog prženja

The refined sunflower and palm oils are used in the food industry for the production of fried potatoes. Literary data have shown that palm oil had less tendency to degradation than sunflower oil due to its fatty acid composition. However, palm olein is a palm oil fraction and therefore has a different composition of fatty acids. The aim of this study was to investigate the quality of the refined palm olein in relation to the refined linoleic type sunflower oil during the production of fried potatoes. The oil samples were used for multiple frying during the seven days (40 minutes per day at a temperature of 165o C). The peroxide value and free fatty acid content (acid value) were determined by standard analytical methods. The results showed that the peroxide value in sunflower oil and palm olein increased by 75.0% and 77.8%, while the acid value increased by 50.0% and 26.8%, respectively, in relation to their initial values in the fresh oil samples. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the palm olein was more suitable for frying. However, this finding cannot be reported with certainty because the quality of the oil depends on many more parameters, not only on those analysed in this paper.U prehrambenoj industriji se za proizvodnju prženog krompira koriste rafinisano suncokretovo i palmino ulje. Prema literaturnim podacima, palmino ulje ima manju sklonost ka degradacionim promenama u odnosu na suncokretovo ulje, zahvaljujući sastavu masnih kiselina. Međutim, palmin olein je frakcija palminog ulja i samim tim ima drugačiji sastav masnih kiselina. Cilj ovog rada bio je da se ispita kvalitet rafinisanog palminog oleina u odnosu na rafinisano suncokretovo ulje tokom proizvodnje prženog krompira. Uzorci ulja su korišćeni za višestruko prženje tokom sedam dana (po 40 minuta svakog dana, na temperaturi od 165o C). Peroksidni broj i sadržaj slobodnih masnih kiselina (kiselinski broj) određeni su standardnim analitičkim metodama. Rezultati su pokazali da se peroksidni broj u suncokretovom ulju i palminom oleinu povećao 75,0% odnosno 77,8%, dok se kiselinski broj povećao 50,0% odnosno 26,8%, u odnosu na početne vrednosti u uzorcima svežeg ulja. Na osnovu ovih rezultata može se zaključiti da je palmin olein pogodniji za prženje. Međutim, ovaj zaključak se ne može navesti sa sigurnošću jer kvalitet ulja zavisi od mnogo više parametara, a ne samo od onih analiziranih u ovom radu

Ispitivanje karakteristika ratarskih prskalica u Rasinskom okrugu

In agricultural production, pests and diseases of agricultural crops, as well as weed plants, cause significant losses in the yield and quality of agricultural products. One of the most effective ways of fighting is the use of a wide range of chemicals called pesticides. In accordance with the EU Directives 2009/128/EC and 2006/42/EC underlying the standard EN 13790, the Plant Protection Administration of the Ministry of Agriculture and the Environment of the Republic of Serbia has established a framework for the control of sprayers and mist blowers. Maintaining sprayers for pesticide application in a good state of repair and proper working order reduces their harmful effects on human health and the environment. The nozzle is one of the most important parts of plant protection machines, responsible for the following major functions: delivery of a given amount of liquid in a unit of time, dispersion of the liquid by making droplets of different sizes and forming a stream of a particular shape. Testing of the working safety of sprayers and nozzles was carried out in accordance with the European Standard EN 13790 which specifies the methods and equipment for inspection. The flow rate of nozzles was measured by an S001 nozzle tester (AAMS-Salvarani, Belgium). The measuring equipment used for testing the pesticide application device can accurately determine any deviation and irregularity in the application.U poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji, štetočine i bolesti poljoprivrednih kultura, kao i korovske biljke svake godine prouzrokuju značajne gubitke u prinosu i kvalitetu poljoprivrednih proizvoda. Jedan od najefikasnijih načina borbe jeste primena brojnih i različitih hemijskih sredstava, koja se nazivaju opštim nazivom pesticidi. U skladu sa Direktivama Evropskog parlamenta 2009/128/EC i 2006/42/EC, kojima je osnova standard EN 13790, koji propisuje obavezni pregled mašina za zaštitu bilja, Uprava za zaštitu bilja Ministarstva poljoprivrede i životne sredine Republike Srbije uspostavlja okvir za kontrolu sistema prskalica i orošivača. Upotrebom tehnički ispravnih i kontrolisanih ratarskih prskalica za primenu pesticida smanjuje se njihov štetni uticaj na zdravlje ljudi i životnu okolinu. Jedan od najznačajnijih delova mašina za zaštitu bilja predstavljaju rasprskivači. Oni obavljaju najvažnije funkcije, kao što su: propuštaju zadate količine tečnosti u jedinici vremena, raspršuju tečnost praveći kapljice odgovarajućih veličina i formiraju mlaz odgovarajućeg oblika. Testiranje radne ispravnosti prskalice i rasprskivača vršeno je u skladu sa evropskim normativom EN 13790, koji propisuje metode i opremu kojom se obavlja inspekcija. Protok rasprskivača je meren pomoću ispitivača pojedinačnih rasprskivača S001 belgijskog proizvođača 'AAMS-Salvarani'. Primenom merne opreme za ispitivanje ispravnosti rada uređaja za primenu pesticida, merenjem je moguće tačno ustanoviti svako odstupanje i nepravilnost u radu. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na to da postoje značajna odstupanja ispitivanih parametara