29 research outputs found

    Specificity of formation and development of traditional musical culture in the Kemerovo region territory

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    The timeliness of the article is determined by identifying general and specific characteristics of formation and existence of musical culture in the industrially developed region of Siberia, which preserves diversity of musical traditions. The goal is to identify specificity of for-mation of regional musical culture and to understand its main characteristics. The results of the research involve determining of correlations between peculiarities of historical paths and factors of formation of regional culture and specificity of musical folklore, and revealing of folklore samples related to secondary forms (β€œfolklorism”)

    ДослідТСння Π½Π΅ΠΉΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡ— активності ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚Ρ–Π² пСрСгрупування ΠΏΡ–Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΏΡ–Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΡ–Π΄ΠΈΠ½-4-ΠΎΠ½Ρ–Π² ΠΏΡ–Π΄ Π΄Ρ–Ρ”ΡŽ хлорокису фосфору

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    Aim. To synthesize the annelated 4-aminopyridines and study the biological activity of one of products.Results and discussion. In the laboratory of the Research Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy the studies of the effect of 2,3,3-trimethyl-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]quinolin-9-amine on the neuroactivity in the β€œopen field” model have been conducted. According to the results of the experiment it has been found that in two hours after the administration of the oil solution of the compound the indices of the motor activity of mice are significantly reduced.Experimental part. 2,3,3-Trimethyl-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]quinolin-9-amine and 2,3,6,7,7-pentamethyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-4-amine were obtained by the rearrangement of the corresponding pyrrolopyrimidin-4-ones under the action of the excess of phosphorus oxychloride in toluene. The initial pyrrolopyrimidin-4-ones were synthesized by the condensation of 4-amino-1,2,2-trimethyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile with ketones. The structure of all compounds obtained was confirmed by 1H NMR-spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis.Conclusions. The neurotropic activity has been detected for the oil solution of 2,3,3-trimethyl-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]quinolin-9-amine on the β€œopen field” model. It has been found that the aqueous solution of this compound does not exhibit the neurotropic activity regardless of the administered dose. Taking into account the presence of the neurotropic activity further research in this field is a promising way to search novel bioactive molecules among 4-aminopyridine derivatives, which are structural analogs of the drug Tacrine.Β Received: 26.12.2019Revised: 20.01.2020Accepted: 27.02.2020ЦСль. Π‘ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π°Π½Π½Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ 4-Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ².Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ… обсуТдСниС. Π’ Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎ-ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ института ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-биологичСских ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ ДнСпропСтровской мСдицинской Π°ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ‹ исслСдования влияния 2,3,3-Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»-2,3,5,6,7,8-гСксагидро-1H-ΠΏΠΈΡ€Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΎ[3,4-b]Ρ…ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½-9-Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π° Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΉ активности Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Β«ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Β». По Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌ экспСримСнта Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ установлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· Π΄Π²Π° часа послС ввСдСния масляного раствора соСдинСния ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ активности Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ сущСствСнно сниТСны.Π­ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ. 2,3,3-Π’Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»-2,3,5,6,7,8-гСксагидро-1H-ΠΏΠΈΡ€Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΎ[3,4-b]Ρ…ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½-9-Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ ΠΈ 2,3,6,7,7-ΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»-6,7-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎ-5H-ΠΏΠΈΡ€Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΎ[3,4-b]ΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½-4-Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Π² Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΈΡ€Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½-4-ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ дСйствиСм ΠΈΠ·Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΠΊΠ° хлорокиси фосфора Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡƒΠΎΠ»Π΅. Π˜ΡΡ…ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠΈΡ€Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½-4-ΠΎΠ½Ρ‹ синтСзированы кондСнсациСй 4-Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎ-1,2,2-Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»-2,5-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎ-1H-ΠΏΠΈΡ€Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΎ-3-ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π±ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ»Π° с ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ. Π‘Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π° всСх ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… соСдинСний установлСна с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ 1Н ЯМР-спСктроскопии, масс-спСктромСтрии ΠΈ элСмСнтного Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°.Π’Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. ВыявлСна нСйротропная Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ для 2,3,3-Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»-2,3,5,6,7,8-гСксагидро-1H-ΠΏΠΈΡ€Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΎ[3,4-b]- Ρ…ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½-9-Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π° Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ масляного раствора Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Β«ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Β». УстановлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ раствор Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ соСдинСния Π½Π΅ проявляСт Π½Π΅ΠΉΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠ½ΡƒΡŽ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ нСзависимо ΠΎΡ‚ объСма Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ‹. Учитывая Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΉ активности пСрспСктивно ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡˆΠΈΡ… исслСдований срСди ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… 4-Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ структурными Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³Π°ΠΌΠΈ лСкарствСнного ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π° Β«Π’Π°ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΠ½Β».Β Received: 26.12.2019Revised: 20.01.2020Accepted: 27.02.2020ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚Π°. Π‘ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΠΈ Π°Π½Π΅Π»ΡŒΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ– 4-Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½ΠΎΠΏΡ–Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Ρ‚Π° дослідити Π±Ρ–ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½Ρƒ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π· ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚Ρ–Π².Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΈ Ρ‚Π° Ρ—Ρ… обговорСння. Π£ Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ–Ρ— Π½Π°ΡƒΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-дослідного інституту ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Π±Ρ–ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ Π”Π½Ρ–ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ²ΡΡŒΠΊΠΎΡ— ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡ— Π°ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΡ–Ρ— ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ дослідТСння Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρƒ 2,3,3-Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»-2,3,5,6,7,8-гСксагідро-1Н-ΠΏΡ–Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΎ-[3,4-b]Ρ…Ρ–Π½ΠΎΠ»Ρ–Π½-9-Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½Ρƒ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ нСйроактивності Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ– Β«Π²Ρ–Π΄ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Β». Π—Π° Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ СкспСримСнту Π±ΡƒΠ»ΠΎ встановлСно, Ρ‰ΠΎ Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· Π΄Π²Ρ– Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ після ввСдСння ΠΎΠ»Ρ–ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Ρ‡ΠΈΠ½Ρƒ сполуки ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Ρ€ΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ— активності Π±ΡƒΠ»ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π½ΠΎ Π·Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ–.Π•ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π° частина. 2,3,3-Π’Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»-2,3,5,6,7,8-гСксагідро-1Н-ΠΏΡ–Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΎ-[3,4-b]Ρ…Ρ–Π½ΠΎΠ»Ρ–Π½-9-Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½ Ρ– 2,3,6,7,7- ΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»-6,7-Π΄ΠΈΠ³Ρ–Π΄Ρ€ΠΎ-5Н-ΠΏΡ–Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΎ[3,4-b]ΠΏΡ–Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½-4-Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΎ Ρƒ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ– пСрСгрупування Π²Ρ–Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ–Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΏΡ–Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΡ–Π΄ΠΈΠ½-4-ΠΎΠ½Ρ–Π² ΠΏΡ–Π΄ Π΄Ρ–Ρ”ΡŽ Π½Π°Π΄Π»ΠΈΡˆΠΊΡƒ хлорокису фосфору Ρƒ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡƒΠ΅Π½Ρ–. Π’ΠΈΡ…Ρ–Π΄Π½Ρ– ΠΏΡ–Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΏΡ–Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΡ–Π΄ΠΈΠ½-4-ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ синтСзовано ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°Ρ†Ρ–Ρ”ΡŽ 4-Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½ΠΎ-1,2,2-Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»-2,5-Π΄ΠΈΠ³Ρ–Π΄Ρ€ΠΎ-1H-ΠΏΡ–Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΎ-3-ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π±ΠΎΠ½Ρ–Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ»Ρƒ Π· ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ. Π‘ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Ρƒ всіх ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ… сполук Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π·Π° допомогою 1Н ЯМР-спСктроскопії, мас-спСктромСтрії Ρ‚Π° Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»Ρ–Π·Ρƒ.Висновки. ВиявлСно Π½Π΅ΠΉΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠ½Ρƒ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ для 2,3,3-Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»-2,3,5,6,7,8-гСксагідро-1H-ΠΏΡ–Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΎ[3,4-b]- Ρ…Ρ–Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½-9-Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½Ρƒ Ρƒ вигляді ΠΎΠ»Ρ–ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Ρ‡ΠΈΠ½Ρƒ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ– Β«Π²Ρ–Π΄ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Β». ВстановлСно, Ρ‰ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Ρ‡ΠΈΠ½ Π΄Π°Π½ΠΎΡ— сполуки Π½Π΅ проявляє Π½Π΅ΠΉΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠ½Ρƒ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π²Ρ–Π΄ об’єму Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎΡ— Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΈ. Π’Ρ€Π°Ρ…ΠΎΠ²ΡƒΡŽΡ‡ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠ²Π½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡ— активності, пСрспСктивним Ρ” провСдСння ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΡ… Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»Ρ–Π΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡŒ сСрСд ΠΏΠΎΡ…Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ… 4-Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½ΠΎΠΏΡ–Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΡ–Π΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ–Π², які Ρ” структурними Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π»Ρ–ΠΊΠ°Ρ€ΡΡŒΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ засобу Β«Π’Π°ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΠ½Β».Β Received: 26.12.2019Revised: 20.01.2020Accepted: 27.02.202

    Markov semigroups, monoids, and groups

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    A group is Markov if it admits a prefix-closed regular language of unique representatives with respect to some generating set, and strongly Markov if it admits such a language of unique minimal-length representatives over every generating set. This paper considers the natural generalizations of these concepts to semigroups and monoids. Two distinct potential generalizations to monoids are shown to be equivalent. Various interesting examples are presented, including an example of a non-Markov monoid that nevertheless admits a regular language of unique representatives over any generating set. It is shown that all finitely generated commutative semigroups are strongly Markov, but that finitely generated subsemigroups of virtually abelian or polycyclic groups need not be. Potential connections with word-hyperbolic semigroups are investigated. A study is made of the interaction of the classes of Markov and strongly Markov semigroups with direct products, free products, and finite-index subsemigroups and extensions. Several questions are posed.Comment: 40 pages; 3 figure

    N-Alkylation of sulfonamides by alkyl halides in the presence of electrophilic catalysts and transformations of alkylated compounds

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    Vicinal halo amines constitute an important class of compounds due to their diverse biological activity and a broad application as synthones in the production of pharmaceutical agents. The reaction of aryl- and alkylsulfonamides with 1,2-dibromo-2-phenylethane in the presence of Lewis acids (such as FeCl3 and ZnCl2) in 1,2-dichloroethane can represent one of the most efficient ways of halo amine synthesis. It has been shown that methanesulfonamides and benzylsulfonamides starting materials produced the alkylation products with good yields whileΒ p-toluenesulfonamides appeared to be less active and 6-methyl-3-nitrobenzylsulfonamides did not give the expected compounds. It has been found that synthesized vicinal halo amides can easily cyclize in alkaline conditions to giveΒ 1-sulfonylaziridines. The regioselectivity of aziridine ring opening has also been studied. It was established that strong nucleophile attacks terminal carbon which leads to the breaking-up of 1–3 bond and subsequent aziridine ring opening. In contrast, weak nucleophiles (water, potassium rhodanide, hydrogen bromide) trigger the cleavage of aziridine cycle by breaking-up of 1–2 bond under acidic conditions which is in accordance with molecular orbital theory. Substituents at the aromatic ring of sulfonyl fragment do not influence on the pathway of aziridine ring opening

    Rebuilding C<sub>60</sub>: Chlorination-Promoted Transformations of the Buckminsterfullerene into Pentagon-Fused C<sub>60</sub> Derivatives

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    In recent years, many higher fullerenes that obey the isolated pentagon rule (IPR) were found capable of rearranging into molecules with adjacent pentagons and even with heptagons via chlorination-promoted skeletal transformations. However, the key fullerene, buckminsterfullerene <i>I</i><sub><i>h</i></sub>-C<sub>60</sub>, long seemed insusceptible to such rearrangements. Now we demonstrate that buckminsterfullerene yet can be transformed by chlorination with SbCl<sub>5</sub> at 420–440 Β°C and report X-ray structures for the thus-obtained library of non-IPR derivatives. The most remarkable of them are non-IPR C<sub>60</sub>Cl<sub>24</sub> and C<sub>60</sub>Cl<sub>20</sub> with fundamentally rearranged carbon skeletons featuring, respectively, four and five fused pentagon pairs (FPPs). Further high-temperature trifluoromethylation of the chlorinated mixture afforded additional non-IPR derivatives C<sub>60</sub>(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>10</sub> and C<sub>60</sub>(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>14</sub>, both with two FPPs, and a nonclassical C<sub>60</sub>(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>15</sub>F with a heptagon, two FPPs, and a fully fused pentagon triple. We discuss the general features of the addition patterns in the new non-IPR compounds and probable pathways of their formation via successive Stone–Wales rearrangements
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