ULOGA I ZNAČAJ PROCESA DISTRIBUCIJE NA PRIMJERU "RIBOLA D.O.O." : Završni rad

U radu se analizira uloga distribucije na primjeru poduzeća Ribola. U radu se obrađuju i procesi naručivanja robe, skladištenja, upravljanja zalihama, manipulacije robom te prijevoz dobara. Temeljni zadatci distribucije su skratiti vrijeme i put robe, smanjiti troškove transporta te adekvatno upravljati zalihama. Poduzeće mora imati razvijene distribucijske procese kako bi se uspješno razlikovalo od konkurencije. Na ovom primjeru detaljno je opisana problematika distribucije, procesa narudžbe i isporuke.The paper analyzes the role of distribution on the example of the company Ribola. In this paper also deals with the processes of ordering goods, storage, inventory management, manipulation of goods and transport of goods. The basic task of distribution are to shorten the distribution path and time, reduce the cost of transport and proper inventory management. The company must have well developed distribution processes to successfully distinguish their business from the competition. In this example, the issue of distribution, ordering and delivery processes is described in detail

Mineralisation patterns in the subchondral bone plate of the humeral head

Purpose: Pathologic changes of the glenohumeral joint, like a long-standing overloading or an accident often lead to severe glenohumeral osteoarthritis, and a glenohumeral joint replacement could be necessary. Joint instability and glenoid loosening are the most common post-operative complications, which can be caused by eccentric loading of the glenoid, if the humeral head is malcentered. If these malcentered cases could be identified pre-operatively, the pathologic position of the humeral head could be fixed intra-operatively and complication may be prevented. Computed tomography osteoabsorptiometry (CT-OAM) is a useful method to determine the distribution of mineralisation in the subchondral bone as a marker for the long-term loading history of a joint. The objective of this study was to gain information about the mineralisation distribution in the subchondral bone plate of the humeral head. Methods: By the use of CT-OAM, the distribution of the subchondral mineralisation of 69 humeral heads was investigated and groups of mineralisation patterns were built. To evaluate if differences in age exist, the mean values of the two groups were compared using t test. Results: 49 humeral heads (71% of 69 specimens) showed bicentric subchondral mineralisation patterns with ventral and dorsal maxima, 20 humeral heads (29% of 69 specimens) could be classified as monocentric with a centro-dorsal maximum. We found no statistical significant difference between the age of the monocentric and the bicentric group on a significance level of 95%. Conclusion: We could show that stress distribution at the humeral head is typically bicentric with a ventral and dorsal maximum. However, other mineralisation patterns may occur under pathologic circumstances. The pre-operative identification of such cases by the use of CT-OAM could help to improve the post-operative results in shoulder surger

A comparison of subchondral bone mineralization between the glenoid cavity and the humeral head on 57 cadaverous shoulder joints

Purpose: Mineralization distribution of the subchondral bone plate can be used as a marker for long-term stress distribution in diarthrodial joints. Severe injuries or pathological changes of the glenohumeral joint often end in osteoarthritis, where shoulder arthroplasty has become the treatment of choice. The computed tomography osteoabsorptiometry (CT-OAM) is a non-invasive method to determine the distribution of the mineralization of the subchondral bone plate in vivo, which is an important factor concerning the implantation of orthopedic endoprostheses. The aim of this study was to investigate the mineralization of both joint partners of the glenohumeral joint and to compare them with each other. Methods: The distribution of the mineralization of the subchondral bone plate of 57 shoulder specimens was determined by means of CT-OAM. To evaluate a correlation between age and localization of subchondral mineralization maxima, the Chi-square test correlation test was applied. Results: Forty-nine glenoid cavities (86%) showed a bicentric mineralization distribution pattern with anterior and posterior maxima, only 8 glenoid cavities (14%) revealed a monocentric mineralization pattern with anterior maxima. Forty-five humeral heads (79%) showed a bicentric distribution pattern with anterior and posterior maxima, 12 humeral heads (21%) could be classified as monocentric with a centro-posterior pronounced maximum. Conclusions: We could demonstrate that stress distribution in both joint partners of the glenohumeral joint is inhomogeneous and characteristically bicentric due to the physiological incongruity. Monocentric mineralization patterns can result as a cause of age-related loss of incongruit

Mineralisation and mechanical strength of the glenoid cavity subchondral bone plate

Purpose: Failures in total shoulder replacements are often due to aseptic loosening of the glenoid component; the subchondral bone plate is an important factor governing primary fixation of implant materials. Therefore, we investigated characteristic mineralisation patterns of the subchondral bone plate, which demonstrate long-term stress on articular surfaces, age-related changes, postsurgical biomechanical situations and regions of fixation. Using computed tomography osteo-absorptiometry (CT-OAM), these distribution patterns can be demonstrated in vivo. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between subchondral bone-plate mineralisation measured with CT-OAM and the mechanical strength measured by indentation. Methods: A total of 32 cadaverous glenoid cavities were evaluated by CT-OAM and indentation testing. Linear regression was used to compare mineralisation and strength of the subchondral bone plate. Results: Results showed two patterns of mineralisation distribution. Twenty-eight cavities were related to bicentric distribution pattern and four showed a single maximum. The correlation coefficient between CT-OAM density and subchondral bone-plate strength was determined to be between 0.62 and 0.96 (P < 0.02). Conclusions: Long-term stress affects not only the subchondral but also the underlying cancellous bone. It therefore can be assumed that mineralisation patterns of the subchondral bone plate continue in cancellous bone. Areas of high density could serve as anchoring locations for orthopaedic implants in resurfacing the glenoid cavit

Underwater ROV as Inspection and Development Platform

The successful business technical cooperation between the University of Split and the company PLOVPUT LLC yields a very usable, lightweight, maneuverable underwater Remote Operated Vehicle (ROV). The ROV is capable of diving down to 150 m depth. It can carry different remote controlled sensors and tools, and resolve challenging tasks. Primarily ROV’s usage is to inspect underwater electrical installation. It is equipped with HD camera and LED lights. An umbilical cable is used to transfer data and electrical power from the surface to the underwater vehicle. The position control was realized using inexpensive PS2 joystick console. ROV’s development was mostly carried out by the students of the University of Split (UNIST). The mechanical and electrical subsystems were built and tested at UNIST laboratories. In this paper, ROV mechanical and electrical systems are outlined and basic subsystems are presented

Influence of Occlusal Splint on Mandibular Movements in Patients with Bruxism: a Comparative Pilot Study

Svrha rada: Svrha ovog pilot-istraživanja bila je ispitati utjecaj terapije okluzijskom udlagom na granične kretnje donje čeljusti te položaj kondila kod ispitanika s bruksizmom. Materijal i postupci: U istraživanje je bilo uključeno 9 ispitanika s dijagnosticiranim bruksizmom (srednja dob 28,7 godina) i 9 ispitanika u kontrolnoj skupini (srednja dob 30,5 godina). Svi su bili punoljetni, eugnati s dentoalveolarnom klasom I prema Angleu, bez postojećih protetičkih radova, bez prijašnje ili sadašnje ortodontske terapije, prijašnjih kirurških zahvata u području temporomandibularnog zgloba te bez neke sistemske bolesti. Za sve ispitanike u objema skupinama izrađena je relaksacijska okluzijska udlaga standardiziranim postupkom koju su nosili 8 tjedana. Za to su vrijeme obavljena, uz inicijalno, još 3 mjerenja incizalnog otvaranja (IO), otvaranja lijevog kondila (OLC), otvaranja desnog kondila (ORC), lijeve laterotruzije (LLI) i desne laterotruzije (LRI) (nakon 2, 4 i 8 tjedana), koristeći se ultrazvučnim uređajem za snimanje kretnji donje čeljusti Arcus Digma II (Kavo). Istim uređajem ispitana je promjena položaja kondila pri protruziji, lijeve i desne laterotruzije te u položaju centrične relacije (CR) na početku istraživanja i zatim nakon 8 tjedana koristeći se položajem maksimalne interkuspidacije kao referentnim. Kontinuirane varijable opisane su s pomoću osnovnih statističkih parametara, a statistička značajnost razlika između varijabli provjerena je t-testom i χ2 testom (p < 0,05). Rezultati: Vrijednosti za IO, OLC, ORC, LLI LRI povećane su nakon 8-tjednog nošenja udlage te je najveće povećanje zabilježeno kod OLC-a –- za 13,8 %. Ni za jednu promjenu iznosa graničnih kretnji nije utvrđena statistički značajna razlika (p < 0,05). Promjene položaja kondila pri protruziji, lijeve i desne laterotruzije te u položaju centrične relacije (CR) bile su veće u ispitnoj skupini u 10 od 14 mjerenih parametara u odnosu prema kontrolnoj skupini te je u 5 od 14 mjernih parametara ustanovljena statistič-ki značajna razlika nakon terapije udlagom. Zaključak: U ovom pilot-istraživanju dokazan je utjecaj terapije udlagom na granične kretnje mandibule kod ispitanika s bruksizmom povećanjem raspona kretnji. Također je utvrđena veća promjena položaja kondila kod ispitanika s bruksizmom u odnosu prema zdravima.Objective: The objective of this pilot study was to examine the impact of occlusal splint treatment on mandibular border movements and the condyle position in subjects with bruxism. Material and methods: The study included 9 subjects diagnosed with bruxism (mean age 28.7) and 9 subjects in the control group (mean age 30.5). All subjects were adults, eugnathic, and with a dentoalveolar Angle Class I, without prosthetic restorations, previous or current orthodontic treatments, a systemic disease or previous surgical interventions in the temporomandibular joint. All experimental and con-trol group subjects were provided with a standardized relaxation occlusal splint, which they wore for 8 weeks. During this time, an initial and three additional measurements of incisal opening (IO), left condyle opening (OLC), right condyle opening (ORC), left laterotrusion (LLI) and right laterotrusion (LRI) (after 2, 4 and 8 weeks) were performed using an Arcus Digamma II (Kavo) ultrasound device for mandibular movements recording. Using the same instrument, the condylar position during protrusion, left and right laterotrusion, and in the centric relation position (CR) was analyzed initially and after 8 weeks using the maximum intercuspation as reference point. Continuous variables were described using basic statistical parameters, and the statistical significance of differences between the variables was checked by the t-test and χ2 test (p <0.05).Results: The values of IO, OLC, ORC, LLI and LRI increased after 8 weeks of wearing, with the highest increase for OLC, by 13.8%. No statistically significant difference (p <0.05) was found for any changes in movements. Changes in the condyle position during all movements and those in the CR were higher in the experimental group for 10 out of 14 measured parameters compared to the control group. A statistically significant difference was established for 5 out of 14 measured parameters after the occlusal splint treatment. Conclusions: The results of this pilot study have proven the influence of the occlusal splint treatment on mandibular border movements in subjects with bruxism by increasing the range of movements. Also the changes of the condyle position in subjects with bruxism were greater compared to those in healthy subjects

Thickness distribution of the glenohumeral joint cartilage: a quantitative study using computed tomography

Purpose: Among late signs like sclerosis, cysts and osteophytes, alteration of cartilage is a common problem in osteoarthritis. To detect abnormal states in the glenohumeral joint, the physiologic distribution of the cartilage thickness must be known, which will allow physicians to better advise patients. High-resolution computed tomography (CT) data in soft tissue kernel provide highly accurate quantitative results and are a useful method to determine the geometrical situation of the glenohumeral joint. The objective of this study was to characterize the distribution of the thickness of the glenohumeral joint cartilage using CT. Methods: To investigate the distribution of thickness of the joint cartilage, CT images in soft tissue kernel of nine specimens were analyzed using image visualization software. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was performed using the ANOVA test. Results: Results showed different patterns in the glenoid cavity than in humeral head. Cartilage thickness in all glenoids showed maxima in the inferior and anterior portion, whereas central areas are covered with the thinnest cartilage layer. Maximum cartilage thickness in the humeral head was found in the central and superior parts. Conclusion: We could show that the distribution of cartilage thickness in the glenohumeral joint is not homogenous and that there exist several reproducible patterns. Evaluation of cartilage thickness in the glenohumeral joint is of high interest in basic and clinical research