THEORETICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF THE STRESSED STATE ON THE EXCHANGE RATE OF MATRIX AT HIGHLY CYLINDER PARTS

investigations of the stressed state on the exchange rate of matrix at highly cylinder parts

Satellite-derived data on greenness and access to green spaces are related to children's health indicators

There is increasing epidemiologic evidence on beneficial effects of green environments on survival, perceived health and quality of life, mental health, obesity and physical activity. However, most studies have been conducted in adults. Further research to assess the impacts of green environments on children's health is warranted. Moreover, an investigation of potential mechanisms underlying the associations is required. This thesis comprises three publications, which are based on data from the German birth cohorts GINIplus and LISAplus. The first publication assessed the effects of residential greenness at the mother's residential address as well as access to green spaces assessed by satellite-derived data on birth weight of newborns. Greenness in a 500-m buffer around the mother's residential address at delivery was positively associated with the birth weight of neonates. Air pollution, noise, population density and maternal stress during pregnancy did not mediate the discovered association. In the stratified analyses, the association between greenness and birth weight was more pronounced in mothers with low socioeconomic status. Access to green spaces and birth weight were not associated. Thus, increased accessibility to green spaces also does not explain the observed association with greenness. The second publication investigated whether access to green spaces as well as residential greenness are associated with behavioural problems in 10-year-old children. Hyperactivity/inattention and peer relationship problems were positively associated with increasing distances to urban green spaces. The observed association with hyperactivity/inattention was only statistically significant among males. Children living further than 500 m away from any urban green space had more overall behavioural problems than those living within 500 m of an urban green space. Behavioural problems were not associated with the distance to a forest or with residential surrounding greenness. Thus, our findings suggest beneficial effects of living in close proximity to well-maintained green spaces on children's mental health. The third publication explored for the first time an association between residential greenness and blood pressure in 10-year-old children. The found association was not influenced by environmental stressors (ambient temperature and air pollution, noise annoyance, altitude and level of urbanisation). The discovered link is in line with the existing evidence from experimental studies and thus, with the psychoevolutionary theory of Ulrich; the latter argues that green environments mitigate stress by activating the parasympathetic system. The associations were only significant in the urban Munich study area but null in the rural Wesel area. This result might indicate that children living in urbanised regions, which generally lack vegetation, might bene t more from high residential greenness than those from the rural areas. In summary, these results support the hypothesis that better access to green spaces as well as higher residential surrounding greenness bene t children health. The results of my thesis suggest that greenness might improve health through the mechanism of physiological stress alleviation. But, contrary to my expectations, the observed effects of greenness and green spaces could not be additionally explained by mediation via physical activity, air pollution, noise, or urbanisation, possibly, because of insufficient data. Thus, future research should test more specifically what stands behind the discovered associations. Finally, health impacts of green environmentson children's health should be further investigated in different geographic areas with incorporation of data on time spent in the neighbourhood and the activities conducted as well as area-level socioeconomic status

Improving Students’ Ability to Communicate Interpersonally in English Classroom Discussions through Group Dynamics Implementation

This study investigates the implementation of group dynamics to students to improve their interpersonal communication skill in doing classroom discussions in English lesson. Using proportional random sampling technique, researchers selected 35 of the 2nd grade students of Odessa Secondary School No. 121. The type of this quantitative research is a pre-experimental research with pre-test post-test one group design model. The experiment was carried out in one group without a comparison group. Based on the research findings and discussion, the application of group dynamics to students was known to be effective in improving their interpersonal communication skill in conducting classroom discussions, especially in English lesson. With the implementation of group dynamics, all students confidently expressed their opinions in class discussions. The application of group dynamics also allowed students to appreciate the opinions expressed by others, and ultimately trained the students’ ability to find problem-solving solutions

CAVL: Learning Contrastive and Adaptive Representations of Vision and Language

Visual and linguistic pre-training aims to learn vision and language representations together, which can be transferred to visual-linguistic downstream tasks. However, there exists semantic confusion between language and vision during the pre-training stage. Moreover, current pre-trained models tend to take lots of computation resources for fine-tuning when transferred to downstream tasks. In this work, we present a simple but effective approach for learning Contrastive and Adaptive representations of Vision and Language, namely CAVL. Specifically, we introduce a pair-wise contrastive loss to learn alignments between the whole sentence and each image in the same batch during the pre-training process. At the fine-tuning stage, we introduce two lightweight adaptation networks to reduce model parameters and increase training speed for saving computation resources. We evaluate our CAVL on six main downstream tasks, including Visual Question Answering (VQA), Visual Commonsense Reasoning (VCR), Natural Language for Visual Reasoning (NLVR), Region-to-Phrase Grounding (RPG), Text-to-Image Retrieval (TIR), and Zero-shot Text-to-Image Retrieval (ZS-TIR). Compared to baselines, we achieve superior performance and reduce the fine-tuning time by a large margin (in particular, 76.17%). Extensive experiments and ablation studies demonstrate the efficiency of contrastive pre-training and adaptive fine-tuning proposed in our CAVL

Satellite-derived data on greenness and access to green spaces are related to children's health indicators

There is increasing epidemiologic evidence on beneficial effects of green environments on survival, perceived health and quality of life, mental health, obesity and physical activity. However, most studies have been conducted in adults. Further research to assess the impacts of green environments on children's health is warranted. Moreover, an investigation of potential mechanisms underlying the associations is required. This thesis comprises three publications, which are based on data from the German birth cohorts GINIplus and LISAplus. The first publication assessed the effects of residential greenness at the mother's residential address as well as access to green spaces assessed by satellite-derived data on birth weight of newborns. Greenness in a 500-m buffer around the mother's residential address at delivery was positively associated with the birth weight of neonates. Air pollution, noise, population density and maternal stress during pregnancy did not mediate the discovered association. In the stratified analyses, the association between greenness and birth weight was more pronounced in mothers with low socioeconomic status. Access to green spaces and birth weight were not associated. Thus, increased accessibility to green spaces also does not explain the observed association with greenness. The second publication investigated whether access to green spaces as well as residential greenness are associated with behavioural problems in 10-year-old children. Hyperactivity/inattention and peer relationship problems were positively associated with increasing distances to urban green spaces. The observed association with hyperactivity/inattention was only statistically significant among males. Children living further than 500 m away from any urban green space had more overall behavioural problems than those living within 500 m of an urban green space. Behavioural problems were not associated with the distance to a forest or with residential surrounding greenness. Thus, our findings suggest beneficial effects of living in close proximity to well-maintained green spaces on children's mental health. The third publication explored for the first time an association between residential greenness and blood pressure in 10-year-old children. The found association was not influenced by environmental stressors (ambient temperature and air pollution, noise annoyance, altitude and level of urbanisation). The discovered link is in line with the existing evidence from experimental studies and thus, with the psychoevolutionary theory of Ulrich; the latter argues that green environments mitigate stress by activating the parasympathetic system. The associations were only significant in the urban Munich study area but null in the rural Wesel area. This result might indicate that children living in urbanised regions, which generally lack vegetation, might bene t more from high residential greenness than those from the rural areas. In summary, these results support the hypothesis that better access to green spaces as well as higher residential surrounding greenness bene t children health. The results of my thesis suggest that greenness might improve health through the mechanism of physiological stress alleviation. But, contrary to my expectations, the observed effects of greenness and green spaces could not be additionally explained by mediation via physical activity, air pollution, noise, or urbanisation, possibly, because of insufficient data. Thus, future research should test more specifically what stands behind the discovered associations. Finally, health impacts of green environmentson children's health should be further investigated in different geographic areas with incorporation of data on time spent in the neighbourhood and the activities conducted as well as area-level socioeconomic status

Оптимізація тактики ведення вагітності у жінок із залізодефіцитною анемією

Наукова робота присвячена вирішенню актуального питання сучасного акушерства – оптимізації тактики ведення вагітності у жінок із залізодефіцитною анемією. Автором досліджені особливості мікроелементного забезпечення, стану депо заліза, еритропоетинсинтезувальної функції та значення негативних регуляторів еритропоезу –інтерлейкінів 1, 4, 6 і ФНПα при фізіологічному перебігу вагітності та у разі розвитку залізодефіцитної анемії. Розширені знання з патогенезу залізодефіцитної анемії у вагітних жінок. Обгрунтовані доцільність та ефективність використання для лікування залізодефіцитної анемії у вагітних жінок препаратів на основі гідроксидполімальтозного комплексу заліза. При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3276Научная работа посвящена решению актуальной проблеми современного акушерства – оптимизации тактики ведения беременности у женщин с железодефицитной анемией (ЖДА). Автором изучены особенности микроэлементного обеспечения, состояние депо железа, эритропоетинсинтезирующей функции и значение негативних регуляторов эритропоэза – интерлейкинов 1, 4, 6 и ФНОα при физиологическом течении беременности и при развитии ЖДА. Течение беременности у женщин без клинико-лабораторных проявлений ЖДА характери-зуется стабильным содержанием железа и меди в сыворотке крови, возникновением сывороточного 16 дефицита цинка, кобальта и никеля во втором триместре и прогрессированием его в третьем три-местре. В ходе гестационного процесса в эритроцитах происходят разнонаправленные изменения содержания микроэлементов – содержание железа и никеля существенно уменьшается, а меди, цинка и кобальта - увеличивается. Это способствует развитию сывороточно - эритроцитарного и внутриэритроцитарного дисбаланса содержания железа и других микроэлементов. Количество депонированного железа приближается к нижней границе физиологического уровня уже в первом триместре беременности и достигает его во втором. Истощение депо железа сопровождается уменьшением содержания железа в эритроцитах. В ходе физиологической беременности происходит активация эритропоэтинсинтезирующей функции. В конце гестационного процесса в сыворотке крови определяется повышенное содер-жание так называемых негативных регуляторов эритропоэза – интерлейкинов 1, 4 и ФНОα. Поэтому для оптимизации тактики ведения беременности, в связи с развитием в ранние сроки гестационного процесса дефицита железа и микроэлементоза, целесообразно исследование показателей красной крови, состояния депо железа и содержания микроэлементов, а также кор-рекция дефицита железа и дисбаланса микроэлементов. ЖДА и особенно дефицит железа встречаются у большого количества женщин еще до на-ступления беременности или в начале гестационного процесса. На протяжении беременности на-блюдается увеличение количества женщин с железодефицитом, дисбалансом микроэлементов (микроэлементозом) и прогрессивно увеличивается частота анемии средней и тяжелой степени. В конце гестационного процесса только 11,76% беременных имели нормальные показатели красной крови, у 74,51% - диагностировали анемию разной степени тяжести, и еще 13,73% беременных находились в преданемическом состоянии, то есть депо железа у них было истощено. В целом депо железа было истощено у 88,24% беременных. В третьем триместре беременности у женщин с анемией наблюдается угнетение эритро-поетинсинтезирующей функции и активация так называемых негативных регуляторов эритропоэза. Таким образом, целесообразным является исследование депо железа и показателей красной крови у женщин с начала взятия их на учет в связи с беременностью с целью коррекции дефицита железа, дисбаланса микроэлементов (микроэлементоза) или лечения ЖДА. Изучение эффективности Глобирона-Н при лечении ЖДА показало, что около 30% бере-менных женщин являются резистентными к его действию. У большей части беременных (около 70%) терапия Глобироном-Н способствовала некоторому улучшению показателей красной крови. Прирост количества гемоглобина и содержания эритроцитов был наиболее низким (р<0,05) у беременных, лечение которых начинали в третьем триместре. Использование препарата Мальтофера для лечения ЖДА у беременных женщин обеспечи-вает существенное улучшение показателей красной крови, восстановление депо железа и баланса микроэлементов, активацию эритропоетинсинтезирующей функции, благоприятное течение бере-менности и родов, уменьшение частоты патологических состояний у новорожденных детей, а также характеризуется 100% комплаентностью и отсутствием побочного действия. Поэтому с целью оп-тимизации тактики ведения беременности у женщин с ЖДА рационально применение препарата Мальтофера. При цитировании документа, используйте ссылку http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3276The research deals with an urgent problem of modern tocology – the problem of optimizing pregnancy management tactics with patients suffering from ferrudeficious anemia. The author analises the peculiarities of trace elements supply, ferrum depot state, erythropoietin synthesis function, and the values of erythropoietin negative regulators, interleukines 1,4,6 and TNF£, for both physiologic run pregnancy and ferrudeficious anemia development. The research helped to enlarge on the information about pathogenesis of pregnant patients anemia. There are given some grounds for the conclusion that using medical preparations based on hydroxidepolymaltose ferrum complexes for treating pregnant patients suffering from ferrudeficious anemia is to be considered effective and expedient. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/327

Морфогенез плечової кістки щурів старечего віку в умовах іонізуючого опромінення

Наук. кер.: В.З. СікораКісткова тканина відбиває загальні процеси, що відбуваються в організмі, і є інформативним показником впливу різноманітних чинників зовнішнього середовища, одним з яких є іонізуюче випромінення. Питання про хронічний вплив малих доз радіації після аварії на ЧАЕС є одним з актуальних, тому що певна територія України, в тому числі і північні території Сумської області, забруднені радіонуклеїдами. Ось чому у роботі поставлена мета: вивчити в експерименті на тваринах старечого віку морфологічні перетворення типової довгої кістки скелету в умовах впливу іонізуючого випромінення у дозах 0,1, 0,2 і 0,3 ГР. Використані методи мікроскопічного дослідження з морфометрією. При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/2693