Sociology as a Scientific Basis for the Foundation of Czechoslovakia in 1918: TGM, Chalupný, Bláha

The analysis of the concept of the nation, the meaning of Czech history and the concept of the newly established Czech state in the works of three important Czech sociologists – Masaryk, Chalupný and Bláha – reveals two fundamental facts. First, the requirement of political independence of the Czech nation was not only a random political initiative, but – in addition to involvement by other sciences such as history and philosophy – sociology contributed significantly to the new state’s legitimacy through its scientific methods. If Masaryk emphasizes the spiritual mission of the Czech nation in legitimizing the Czech state, the legitimacy of the Czech programme of political independence arises not only from historically philosophical and ethnographic relations, but also from anthropogeographic relations, i.e. from nature itself. In his structural-functionalist analysis, Bláha acknowledges the importance of geographical and biological factors in the formation of the nation, but for him, the nation in the Masaryk tradition is primarily a cultural and spiritual community. Whatever the factor, the fundamental benefit of these sociological analyses is that efforts to shape national identity and build an independentCzechoslovak state were significantly supported by both the theoretical development of Czech sociology and its institutionalization at the beginning of the twentieth century.The analysis of the concept of the nation, the meaning of Czech history and the concept of the newly established Czech state in the works of three important Czech sociologists – Masaryk, Chalupný and Bláha – reveals two fundamental facts. First, the requirement of political independence of the Czech nation was not only a random political initiative, but – in addition to involvement by other sciences such as history and philosophy – sociology contributed significantly to the new state’s legitimacy through its scientific methods. If Masaryk emphasizes the spiritual mission of the Czech nation in legitimizing the Czech state, the legitimacy of the Czech programme of political independence arises not only from historically philosophical and ethnographic relations, but also from anthropogeographic relations, i.e. from nature itself. In his structural-functionalist analysis, Bláha acknowledges the importance of geographical and biological factors in the formation of the nation, but for him, the nation in the Masaryk tradition is primarily a cultural and spiritual community. Whatever the factor, the fundamental benefit of these sociological analyses is that efforts to shape national identity and build an independent Czechoslovak state were significantly supported by both the theoretical development of Czech sociology and its institutionalization at the beginning of the twentieth century

Překladové protějšky českých vztažných vět v angličtině

Práce zkoumá autentické překladové ekvivalenty českých vztažných vět s relativem v nominativu s cílem popsat realizační formy tohoto typu modifikátoru v angličtině, která na rozdíl od češtiny využívá ve větší míře věty nefinitní. Navíc pro signalizaci funkce modifikátorů využívá interpunkce jako rozlišovacího prostředku, čeština nikoliv. Teoretická část nejdříve pojednává o syntaktických vztazích, modifikaci a svousejících tématech zvlášť pro každý jazyk. Shrnuje hlavní rozdíly a podobnosti vnímané jako důsledek odlišnosti flektivně verbálního charakteru češtiny oproti analyticky nominálnímu charakteru angličtiny. Postupuje se od obecného k podrobnějšímu, tedy od syntaktických vztahů, přes neobligatorní proces rozvíjení substantiva. Dále jsou popisovány vlastnosti jednotlivých konstituentů jmenné fráze s důrazem na vztažnou větu. Naproti tomu v anglické části, předpokládajíc, že v excerptech budou nalezeny i další formy modifikace, je pozornost věnována nefinitním konstrukcím jako je participium přítomné i minulé, infinitiv, adjektivní modifikace, předložková fráze (jejímž konstituentem může být i gerundium), a apozice. V excerptovaných datech se potom ukazuje, že vztažná věta je překládána i do adjektiv a dalších typů finitních vět. Jako další teoretické téma jsou zpracovávány vztahy mezi konstituenty...The thesis studies authentic English translation counterparts of the Czech relative clauses with the relative in nominative with the objective to describe realization forms of this modifier, which uses nonfinite clauses on a larger scale. In addition, English signals restrictive function of the modifiers with a comma, Czech does not do so. The theoretical part deals separately with English and Czech syntactic relations, modification, and related topics. It sums up main differences and similarities perceived as the consequence of the differences between analytical-nominal character of English, and flective-verbal character of Czech. The study proceeds from general to more detailed, i. e. from the syntactic relations to the non-obligatory process of the modification of the noun. Next, the characterisitics of nominal phrase constituents is described, emphasising the relative clause. However, English part is more focused on the non-finite modifiers, as is supposed that their presence in the data will be denser. Hence, there are separate sections speaking about -ing participle, -ed participle, infinitive, adjectives, prepositional phrase, and apposition. The excerption results show that the relative clause may be translated into preposed adjectives and other types of finite dependent clauses. As the next topic,...Department of the English Language and ELT MethodologyÚstav anglického jazyka a didaktikyFaculty of ArtsFilozofická fakult

Female writer Wang Anyi and her novel Jinxiugu zhi lian

The bachelor thesis focuses on the novella Love in Brocade Valley (Jinxiugu zhi lian 锦绣谷 之恋, 1987) by Chinese writer Wang Anyi 王安忆 (born 1954). The thesis discusses the literary movements after the Cultural Revolution, including a short account of women's literature of that period. The thesis also introduces the author with an overview of her major works, focusing primarily on three novellas commonly referred to as "Three Loves" (san lian 三恋). The main objective of the thesis is to provide a thorough analysis of the novella and examine the role of the narrator, depiction of characters and the portrayal of space and time in the narrative. Considering all these aspects of the narrative, the thesis also aims to consider the narrative devices that the novella employs to convey the subjective image of the protagonist's experience.Předmětem této bakalářské práce je novela Láska v Brokátovém údolí (Jinxiugu zhi lian 锦绣 谷之恋, 1987) od čínské autorky Wang Anyi 王安忆 (nar. 1954). Práce novelu představuje v kontextu literárního směrů a hnutí v období po skončení kulturní revoluce, včetně krátkého shrnutí vývoje "ženské literatury". Novela je také zasazena do širšího kontextu literární tvorby spisovatelky Wang Anyi, především tří novel souhrnně označovaných jako "tři lásky" (san lian 三恋), ke kterým patří i Láska v Brokátovém údolí. Jádrem bakalářské práce je zevrubná literární analýza novely, která se zaměřuje především na zhodnocení role vypravěčky, charakterizaci postav, líčení prostředí a zobrazení plynutí času. Práce si také klade za cíl prozkoumat prostředky, které ve vyprávění utvářejí subjektivní obraz prožívání protagonistky.Institute of East Asian StudiesÚstav Dálného východuFilozofická fakultaFaculty of Art

Role of trust in a democratic system

The need to understand the ongoing process of democratization has led to the revival of interest in the topics such as legitimacy of the democratic regimes, the creation of political culture and inevitably also in the question of the role of trust in these processes. These topics will be closely examined in this work. In the first - theoretical - section we introduce the evolution of the concept of trust, its various definitions and categorization. The concept of social capital, which is often linked to the to pic of trust, will be also addressed in this chapter. A special attention will be paid to the paradigm of so-called collective social capital (Putnam, Halpem, Fukuyama), which focuses on the relationship oftrust and democracy. The second part of the thesis maps theoretical work on trust and democracy, paying special attention to the arguments of culturalists and institucionalists. When we talk of the role that trust plays in a given democratic system, we use three basic channels of their relationship: legitimacy, social trust and trust in institutions. Legitimacy in a given govemment and its institutions - a form of systemic trust - is considered to be the key founding block of the democratic system. Based on divergent theories we continue the debate to what extent, and if at all, is legitimacy...Potřeba porozumět probíhajícím demokratizačním procesům vedla ve společenských vědách k znovuotevření témat legitimity demokratického režimu, utváření politické kultury a s tím v neposledku i k otázce role důvěry v těchto procesech, kterou se zabývá tato práce. V teoretické části je nejprve představen vývoj konceptu důvěry, její možné definice a kategorizace, jakož i s důvěrou provázaný koncept sociálního kapitálu. Vyloženo je blíže zejména paradigma tzv. kolektivního sociálního kapitálu (Putnam, Halpern, Fukuyama), které se zabývá vztahem důvěry a demokracie. Druhá část práce mapuje teorie zabývající se vztahem důvěry a demokracie, přičemž se věnuje zejména střetu argumentů kulturalistů a institucionalistů. Pro uvažování o roli důvěry v demokratickém systému definujeme tři základní kanály jejich vztahu: legitimitu, sociální důvěru a důvěru v instituce. Legitimitu, tedy jakousi systémovou důvěru v oprávněnost režimu, považujeme za základní podmínku existence demokratického systému. Na základě teorií vedeme diskuzi do jaké míry, a zda vůbec, je legitimita ovlivněna sociální důvěrou a důvěrou v instituce. Zaměřujeme se zejména na pozici kulturalistů, podle nichž jak institucionální, tak sociální důvěra zvyšuje podporu legitimity režimu. Kulturní proud dále tvrdí, že sociální důvěra je významně spojena s...Department of SociologyKatedra sociologieFaculty of ArtsFilozofická fakult

Golf club

Předmětem mé diplomové práce je návrh novostavby golfového klubu. Tento objekt má jedno nadzemní podlaží, je zastřešen plochou jednoplášťovou střechou. Nedílnou součástí jsou velké terasy. Svislé nosné i nenosné konstrukce jsou navrženy ze zdícího systému Porotherm. Vodorovné nosné konstrukce stropu jsou navrženy z předpjatých stropních panelů Spiroll. Základové konstrukce jsou navrženy železobetonové. Objekt je rozdělen na dva samostatné provozní celky. Návrh klade důraz na dispoziční řešení, tepelně technické vlastnosti a bezpečnost při užívání.The subject matter of my Diploma thesis is the project of a new golf club. The building has one floor and is covered by a flat mono-coated roof. Spacious terraces accessible from first floor are the integral parts. Vertical load bearing and non-load bearing walls are designed from Porotherm walling system. Horizontal load bearing ceiling constructions are designed from an prestressed ceiling panels Spiroll. Foundations are designed reinforced concrete. The building is divided into two separate operating units. The project emphasizes the layout plan, thermal technical properties and safety in use.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE AGE, SEX AND PERFORMANCE LEVEL OF HORSES ON THEIR SUCCESS IN THE SHOW JUMPING COMPETITION

Cílem práce bylo posoudit vliv věku, pohlaví a stupně výkonnosti koní na kvalitu překonání překážek v parkuru a tím na jejich úspěšnost ve skokových soutěžích. Byly zaznamenány výsledky 1825 koní ve 44 parkurech, což představuje překonání 20 457 překážek. Z analýzy výsledků vyplynula statisticky průkazná zjištění a závěry: Hřebci mají vyšší procento čistě překonaných překážek ve srovnání s klisnami a valachy. U klisen je častější odmítnutí skoku (3,62 %). Nejlepší výsledky překonání parkuru byly zjištěny u koní ve věku 12 – 13 let, u starších koní dochází k poklesu výkonnosti. Kvalita překonání překážek u koní rozdělených podle stupně dosažené výkonnosti se výrazně neliší. Průkazně lepších výsledků dosáhli koně v soutěžích stupně Z (1,24) a stupně T (1,36). To naznačuje, že výška 100 cm nečiní ani mladým koním závažné problémy, kdežto soutěží stupně T (150 cm) se zúčastňují nejlepší koně.The aim of this thesis is to clarify the effect of the horse age, the horse sex and the performance rating of the horse on the resulting course passing. Altogether it was judged 1 825 horses during 44 courses. It represents 20 457 passed fences. The cogency of detected differences was determinated by the F-test and the following t-test with the signifi cance levels P≤0,05(+) , P≤ 0,01(++) a P≤0,001(+++). From the results analysis emerged the following statistically confi rmative establishment and fi ndings: The stallions reach higher percentage of clear jumping than the mares and the geldings. The jump refuse is more frequent in mares (3,62 %). The best results in course passing reach horses between the ages of 12 – 13 years, the performance of older horses declines.The fence passing is not differs markedly after the performance level of the horse. Better results reached horses in the courses of “Z” level (1,24) and the „T“ level (1,36). It indicates that 100 cm high is not very diffi cult to pass over for young horses and through the courses of the „T“ level are the best horses

Zdroje a šíření vybraných komodit keramické produkce vrcholného a pozdního středověku

Title in English: Sources and Distribution of Selected High and Late Medieval Pottery Products. The publication is focused on late medieval pottery products with higher aesthetical effect. The key group is represented by stove tiles, where the unifying elements of relief decoration helped to define series of motifs for stoves with specific iconographic concept, which were found in various locations. The same approach can be also used with small ceramic sculptures, aquamaniles and relief-decorated floor tiles, even though the achieved information value in these cases is much lower. Micropetrographic, XRF and other analyses helped to identify the production centres and the distribution model of these ceramic groups. 3D documentation enabled a detailed comparison of differences between individual reliefs and specific traces of manufacturing procedures. Individual chapters contain active links to the source database of analysed items and to 3D models of selected specimens from reference collections

Toward a reliable detection of arachnophobia: subjective, behavioral, and neurophysiological measures of fear response

IntroductionThe administration of questionnaires presents an easy way of obtaining important knowledge about phobic patients. However, it is not well known how these subjective measurements correspond to the patient’s objective condition. Our study aimed to compare scores on questionnaires and image evaluation to the objective measurements of the behavioral approach test (BAT) and the neurophysiological effect of spiders extracted from fMRI measurements. The objective was to explore how reliably subjective statements about spiders and physiological and behavioral parameters discriminate between phobics and non-phobics, and what are the best predictors of overall brain activation.MethodsBased on a clinical interview, 165 subjects were assigned to either a “phobic” or low-fear “control” group. Finally, 30 arachnophobic and 32 healthy control subjects (with low fear of spiders) participated in this study. They completed several questionnaires (SPQ, SNAQ, DS-R) and underwent a behavioral approach test (BAT) with a live tarantula. Then, they were measured in fMRI while watching blocks of pictures including spiders and snakes. Finally, the respondents rated all the visual stimuli according to perceived fear. We proposed the Spider Fear Index (SFI) as a value characterizing the level of spider fear, computed based on the fMRI measurements. We then treated this variable as the “neurophysiological effect of spiders” and examined its contribution to the respondents’ fear ratings of the stimuli seen during the fMRI using the redundancy analysis (RDA).ResultsThe results for fear ranks revealed that the SFI, SNAQ, DS-R, and SPQ scores had a significant effect, while BAT and SPQ scores loaded in the same direction of the first multivariate axis. The SFI was strongly correlated with both SPQ and BAT scores in the pooled sample of arachnophobic and healthy control subjects.DiscussionBoth SPQ and BAT scores have a high informative value about the subject’s fear of spiders and together with subjective emotional evaluation of picture stimuli can be reliable predictors of spider phobia. These parameters provide easy and non-expensive but reliable measurement wherever more expensive devices such as magnetic resonance are not available. However, SFI still reflects individual variability within the phobic group, identifying individuals with higher brain activation, which may relate to more severe phobic reactions or other sources of fMRI signal variability

Social cohesion – theory and research. Public opinion on social cohesion in Czech Republic

The article presents sociological concepts of social cohesion as the base for the survey of social equality on macro societal level. The empirical part, based on the public opinion Our society 2004 and 2005, discusses opinions of Czech people on the notion of social cohesion and its sources. Further we analyze interpersonal trust and evaluation of interpersonal relations in Czech society and their connectedness to social status and subjective attitudes and evaluations

Determinants of social trust in Czech society

The artical studies social trust with special focus on its determinants. Using survey data from „Our society 2005“ we verify validity of teories of social trust (according to conceptualization of Delheye and Newton 2003) for Czech society. The final regression model confirms validity of so called „social theory“ for Czech society, it means the connection of social trust to evaluation of relationships in society, trust in institutions and evaluation of ecomic situation in society