Parallel illumination for depletion microscopy throughacousto-optic spatial light modulation

State-of-the-art super-resolution microscopy techniques, including Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED), Reversible Saturable Optical Fluorescence Transitions (RESOLFT), and Switching Laser Mode (SLAM) microscopies, implement Laguerre-Gaussian beams, also known as vortex or doughnut beams to capture fluorescence information within a sub-wavelength area of the observed sample, effectively surpassing the diffraction limit and significantly improving the quality of the image. However, these techniques typically operate at point by point basis, involving time-consuming scanning of the sample to construct a complete, meaningful image. Therefore, for real-time live cell imaging purposes, the parallelization of illumination is crucial. In this study, we demonstrate the parallel generation of arbitrary arrays of Gaussian and Laguerre-Gaussian laser foci suitable for super-resolution microscopy. We achieve rapid scanning through the sample using acousto-optic spatial light modulation, a technique we have previously pioneered across various fields. By employing parallelized illumination with both Gaussian and doughnut beams, we aim to capture super-resolution images

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its 'Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles', which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly

Serie Ciencia

El presente libro tiene como propósito principal impulsar el debate y la reflexión colectiva para alcanzar a lo largo de la década las metas científicas, sociales y cívicas a las que nos hemos comprometido de forma colectiva. Ello exige situa el conocimiento científico y las estrategias para el conjunto de los ciudadanos accedan a él entre los factores centrales del desarrollo humano.Organización de Estados Iberoamericanos, OE

El devenir de la utopía economicista en el sistema escolar chileno

Asumiendo que las transformaciones radicales introducidas a partir de la década de los 80, por la dictadura cívico-militar en el sistema educativo chileno, constituyen lo que se designa como utopía economicista, que estipuló el paso de un sistema eminentemente público y centralizado a uno gobernado por las reglas del mercado, se examinan los defectos que el esquema mostró en su desarrollo, defraudando a poco andar las promesas de eficiencia y calidad que eran los objetivos perseguidos y que motivaron dichas transformaciones. Con este objetivo, el trabajo muestra la devaluación de dicha utopía y cómo la analogía del mercado se revela errónea. Para ello se caracteriza críticamente el rol del Estado, en su calidad de proveedor, regulador y garante en el sistema escolar, la utilización de la información de resultados del sistema educativo, con sus usos dispares y en ocasiones contradictorios y, por último, la participación de los padres, de acuerdo al rol que les fue asignado por las reformas y el que efectivamente presentan en la actualidad. Se concluye señalando que para superar la situación es necesaria una racionalidad ampliada que sustituya aquella que orientó las políticas introducidas hace tres décadas y que ofrezca una respuesta a los problemas del sistema escolar chileno en su calidad y equidad