What is the Social in Social Coherence? Commentary on Nelson Tebbe\u27s Religious Freedom in an Egalitarian Age

(Excerpt) It is my pleasure to comment on Nelson Tebbe’s deep and engaging book. In addition to its careful legal analysis, Religious Freedom in an Egalitarian Age bears on important philosophical issues concerning values, moral reasoning and the justification of evaluative beliefs. I find these issues especially interesting because I’ve engaged with some of them myself. Methodologically, Religious Freedom in an Egalitarian Age makes use of a concept of social coherence, and my work also considers questions of how coherence functions in evaluative contexts. What does it mean for our value judgments to fit together in an appropriate way? How can we use coherence to discover and justify evaluative beliefs? How is coherence related to agreement and disagreement, and what are the limits of coherence approaches? In my recent book, I consider these questions from a point of view that focuses specifically on moral judgments, and I argue for a perspective on “moral coherence” that has much in common with the “social coherence” model Professor Tebbe outlines. In this comment, I want to explore the ways in which that perspective both does and does not fit with the one Professor Tebbe develops throughout his legal analysis

Calcium Release Domains in Mammalian Skeletal Muscle Studied with Two-photon Imaging and Spot Detection Techniques

The spatiotemporal characteristics of the Ca2+ release process in mouse skeletal muscle were investigated in enzymatically dissociated fibers from flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) muscles, using a custom-made two-photon microscope with laser scanning imaging (TPLSM) and spot detection capabilities. A two-microelectrode configuration was used to electrically stimulate the muscle fibers, to record action potentials (APs), and to control their myoplasmic composition. We used 125 μM of the low-affinity Ca2+ indicator Oregon green 488 BAPTA-5N (OGB-5N), and 5 or 10 mM of the Ca2+ chelator EGTA (pCa 7) in order to arrest fiber contraction and to constrain changes in the [Ca2+] close to the release sites. Image and spot data showed that the resting distribution of OGB-5N fluorescence was homogeneous along the fiber, except for narrow peaks (∼23% above the bulk fluorescence) centered at the Z-lines, as evidenced by their nonoverlapping localization with respect to di-8-ANEPPS staining of the transverse tubules (T-tubules). Using spot detection, localized Ca2+ transients evoked by AP stimulation were recorded from adjacent longitudinal positions 100 nm apart. The largest and fastest ΔF/F transients were detected at sites flanking the Z-lines and colocalized with T-tubules; the smallest and slowest were detected at the M-line, whereas transients at the Z-line showed intermediate features. Three-dimensional reconstructions demonstrate the creation of two AP-evoked Ca2+ release domains per sarcomere, which flank the Z-line and colocalize with T-tubules. In the presence of 10 mM intracellular EGTA, these domains are formed in ∼1.4 ms and dissipate within ∼4 ms, after the peak of the AP. Their full-width at half-maximum (FWHM), measured at the time that Ca2+ transients peaked at T-tubule locations, was 0.62 μm, similar to the 0.61 μm measured for di-8-ANEPPS profiles. Both these values exceed the limit of resolution of the optical system, but their similarity suggests that at high [EGTA] the Ca2+ domains in adult mammalian muscle fibers are confined to Ca2+ release sites located at the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)

Análisis de las estrategias de comunicación y de marketing que utilizan las joyerías en la ciudad de Barranquilla

Análisis de las estrategias de Comunicación y de Marketing que utilizan las Joyerías en la ciudad de Barranquilla nos permitió conocer más afondo la definición de joyería y su historia, pasando por Colombia y por último la historia de la joyería en Barranquilla. Abordamos además las diferentes estrategias de comunicación y de marketing de un producto y como lo implementan en las diferentes Joyerías reconocidas de la ciudad de Barranquilla. De igual manera realizamos una investigación del mercado internacional de la joyería y las estrategias de comunicación y de marketing que utilizan, la investigación de mercado de la Joyería en Colombia y de la ciudad de Barranquilla. Ya para concluir realizaremos por medio de un análisis de medios de comunicación y de marketing que implementan en las Joyerías de Barranquilla.PregradoComunicador Social y Periodist

Tecnología de reproducción asistida como factor de riesgo de vasa previa: revisión sistemática

La Vasa Previa es una condición poco común que representa un riesgo inminente de muerte fetal si no es diagnosticada oportunamente, por lo que el diagnóstico prenatal es fundamental para evitar los resultados perinatales devastadores. Debido a que actualmente las mujeres se someten con mayor frecuencia al uso de técnicas de tecnología de reproducción asistida, es probable que exista un incremento de la incidencia de vasa previa en las próximas décadas. Objetivo: revisar la literatura sobre el uso de tecnología de reproducción asistida y riesgo de vasa previa. Método: Se realizó una búsqueda en cinco bases de datos (PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Sciencedirect y PMC), en busca de estudios observacionales (casos y controles, transversales y cohortes), revisiones sistemáticas, metaanálisis completos, de cualquier nacionalidad e idioma, de los últimos 10 años; esta selección fue realizada por tres revisores, los desacuerdos fueron resueltos por discusión. Resultados: Se consideró un total de 9 estudios que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión para el análisis de este estudio, todos los estudios establecieron asociación entre ART y VP, pero solo el 67% mostraron en sus resultados estadística que corrobora dicha relación. Encontrándose que la condición de VP fue más probable en los grupos subfértil y de FIV, a comparación del grupo fértil, (0.05%, 0.27%, 0.03%) respectivamente, mostrando una comparación de grupos significativa (p<0,0001). De las revisiones sistemáticas incluidas en este estudio, 11 artículos presentaron los siguientes resultados: las gestantes sometidas a ART tuvieron un mayor riesgo de VP, en comparación con las mujeres que concibieron de manera espontánea. Conclusión: La revisión de la literatura respalda que la incidencia de los casos de VP se asociada al uso ART, por ello, es importante realizar el cribado y seguimiento oportuno a los grupos con alto riesgo de VP, con el fin de disminuir las complicaciones fetales y perinatales

Biological Control of the Chagas Disease Vector Triatoma infestans with the Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana Combined with an Aggregation Cue: Field, Laboratory and Mathematical Modeling Assessment

Background: Current Chagas disease vector control strategies, based on chemical insecticide spraying, are growingly threatened by the emergence of pyrethroid-resistant Triatoma infestans populations in the Gran Chaco region of South America. Methodology and findings: We have already shown that the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana has the ability to breach the insect cuticle and is effective both against pyrethroid-susceptible and pyrethroid-resistant T. infestans, in laboratory as well as field assays. It is also known that T. infestans cuticle lipids play a major role as contact aggregation pheromones. We estimated the effectiveness of pheromonebased infection boxes containing B. bassiana spores to kill indoor bugs, and its effect on the vector population dynamics. Laboratory assays were performed to estimate the effect of fungal infection on female reproductive parameters. The effect of insect exuviae as an aggregation signal in the performance of the infection boxes was estimated both in the laboratory and in the field. We developed a stage-specific matrix model of T. infestans to describe the fungal infection effects on insect population dynamics, and to analyze the performance of the biopesticide device in vector biological control. Conclusions: The pheromone-containing infective box is a promising new tool against indoor populations of this Chagas disease vector, with the number of boxes per house being the main driver of the reduction of the total domestic bug population. This ecologically safe approach is the first proven alternative to chemical insecticides in the control of T. infestans. The advantageous reduction in vector population by delayedaction fungal biopesticides in a contained environment is here shown supported by mathematical modeling.Fil: Forlani, Lucas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata ; ArgentinaFil: Pedrini, Nicolás. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata ; ArgentinaFil: Girotti, Juan Roberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata ; ArgentinaFil: Mijailovsky, Sergio Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata ; ArgentinaFil: Cardozo, Rubén Marino. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Patología Experimental. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Instituto de Patología Experimental; Argentina. Provincia de Salta. Ministerio de Salud Pública. Coordinación de Gestión Epidemiológica; ArgentinaFil: Gentile, Alberto G.. Provincia de Salta. Ministerio de Salud Pública. Coordinación de Gestión Epidemiológica; ArgentinaFil: Hernández Suárez, Carlos. Universidad de Colima. Facultad de Ciencias; MéxicoFil: Rabinovich, Jorge Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores; ArgentinaFil: Juarez, Marta Patricia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata ; Argentin

Crosstalk between ROS-dependent apoptotic and autophagic signaling pathways in Zn(II) phthalocyanine photodynamic therapy of melanoma

Melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer, highly resistant to conventional therapies. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive treatment modality that combines the use of a photosensitizer, visible light and molecular oxygen, leading to ROS generation in the specific site of irradiation. The cationic zinc(II) phthalocyanine Pc13 has shown to be a potent photosensitizer in different melanoma cell lines. In this study, we explored the intracellular signaling pathways triggered by Pc13 PDT and the role of these cascades in the phototoxic action of Pc13 in human melanoma A375 cells. ROS-dependent activation of MAPKs p38, ERK, JNK and PI3K-I/AKT was observed after treatment. Inhibition of p38 reduced Pc13 phototoxicity, whereas blockage of ERK did not affect this response. Conversely, JNK inhibition potentiated the effect of Pc13 PDT. Results obtained indicate that p38 is involved in the cleavage of PARP-1, an important mediator of apoptosis. On the other hand, Pc13 irradiation induced the activation of an autophagic program, as evidenced by enhanced levels of Beclin-1, LC3-II and GFP-LC3 punctate staining. We also demonstrated that this autophagic response is promoted by JNK and negatively regulated by PI3K-I/AKT pathway. The blockage of autophagy increased Pc13 phototoxicity and enhanced PARP-1 cleavage, revealing a protective role of this mechanism, which tends to prevent apoptotic cell death.Furthermore, reduced susceptibility to treatment and increased activation of autophagy were detected in A375 cells submitted to repeated cycles of Pc13 PDT, indicating that autophagy could represent a mechanism of resistance to PDT. The efficacy of Pc13 PDT and an improved phototoxic action in combination with chloroquine were also demonstrated in tumor spheroids. In conclusion, we showed the interplay between apoptotic and autophagic signaling pathways triggered by Pc13 PDT-induced oxidative stress. Thus, autophagy modulation represents a promising therapeutic strategy to potentiate the efficacy of PDT in melanoma.Fil: Valli, Federico. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Garcia Vior, María Cecilia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Química Orgánica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Roguin, Leonor Patricia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Marino, Veronica Julieta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas; Argentin

Gestational zinc deficiency impairs brain astrogliogenesis in rats through multistep alterations of the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway

We previously showed that zinc (Zn) deficiency affects the STAT3 signaling pathway in part through redox-regulated mechanisms. Given that STAT3 is central to the process of astrogliogenesis, this study investigated the consequences of maternal marginal Zn deficiency on the developmental timing and key mechanisms of STAT3 activation, and its consequences on astrogliogenesis in the offspring. This work characterized the temporal profile of cortical STAT3 activation from the mid embryonic stage up to young adulthood in the offspring from dams fed a marginal Zn deficient diet (MZD) throughout gestation and until postnatal day (P) 2. All rats were fed a Zn sufficient diet (control) from P2 until P56. Maternal zinc deficiency disrupted cortical STAT3 activation at E19 and P2. This was accompanied by altered activation of JAK2 kinase due to changes in PTP1B phosphatase activity. The underlying mechanisms mediating the adverse impact of a decreased Zn availability on STAT3 activation in the offspring brain include: (i) impaired PTP1B degradation via the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway; (ii) tubulin oxidation, associated decreased interactions with STAT3 and consequent impaired nuclear translocation; and (iii) decreased nuclear STAT3 acetylation. Zn deficiency-associated decreased STAT3 activation adversely impacted astrogliogenesis, leading to a lower astrocyte number in the early postnatal and adult brain cortex. Thus, a decreased availability of Zn during early development can have a major and irreversible adverse effect on astrogliogenesis, in part via multistep alterations in the STAT3 pathway.Fil: Supasai, Suangsuda. University of California at Davis; Estados UnidosFil: Adamo, Ana María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Mathieu, Patricia Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Marino, Regina C.. University of California at Davis; Estados UnidosFil: Hellmers, Adelaide C.. University of California at Davis; Estados UnidosFil: Cremonini, Eleonora. University of California at Davis; Estados UnidosFil: Oteiza, Patricia Isabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas; Argentin

Gestational zinc deficiency impairs brain astrogliogenesis in rats through multistep alterations of the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway

We previously showed that zinc (Zn) deficiency affects the STAT3 signaling pathway in part through redox-regulated mechanisms. Given that STAT3 is central to the process of astrogliogenesis, this study investigated the consequences of maternal marginal Zn deficiency on the developmental timing and key mechanisms of STAT3 activation, and its consequences on astrogliogenesis in the offspring. This work characterized the temporal profile of cortical STAT3 activation from the mid embryonic stage up to young adulthood in the offspring from dams fed a marginal Zn deficient diet (MZD) throughout gestation and until postnatal day (P) 2. All rats were fed a Zn sufficient diet (control) from P2 until P56. Maternal zinc deficiency disrupted cortical STAT3 activation at E19 and P2. This was accompanied by altered activation of JAK2 kinase due to changes in PTP1B phosphatase activity. The underlying mechanisms mediating the adverse impact of a decreased Zn availability on STAT3 activation in the offspring brain include: (i) impaired PTP1B degradation via the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway; (ii) tubulin oxidation, associated decreased interactions with STAT3 and consequent impaired nuclear translocation; and (iii) decreased nuclear STAT3 acetylation. Zn deficiency-associated decreased STAT3 activation adversely impacted astrogliogenesis, leading to a lower astrocyte number in the early postnatal and adult brain cortex. Thus, a decreased availability of Zn during early development can have a major and irreversible adverse effect on astrogliogenesis, in part via multistep alterations in the STAT3 pathway.Fil: Supasai, Suangsuda. University of California at Davis; Estados UnidosFil: Adamo, Ana María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Mathieu, Patricia Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Marino, Regina C.. University of California at Davis; Estados UnidosFil: Hellmers, Adelaide C.. University of California at Davis; Estados UnidosFil: Cremonini, Eleonora. University of California at Davis; Estados UnidosFil: Oteiza, Patricia Isabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas; Argentin

Zinc(II) phthalocyanines as photosensitizers for antitumor photodynamic therapy

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a highly specific and clinically approved method for cancer treatment in which a nontoxic drug known as photosensitizer (PS) is administered to a patient. After selective tumor irradiation, an almost complete eradication of the tumor can be reached as a consequence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which not only damage tumor cells, but also lead to tumor-associated vasculature occlusion and the induction of an immune response. Despite exhaustive investigation and encouraging results, zinc(II) phthalocyanines (ZnPcs) have not been approved as PSs for clinical use yet. This review presents an overview on the physicochemical properties of ZnPcs and biological results obtained both in vitro and in more complex models, such as 3D cell cultures, chicken chorioallantoic membranes and tumor-bearing mice. Cell death pathways induced after PDT treatment with ZnPcs are discussed in each case. Finally, combined therapeutic strategies including ZnPcs and the currently available clinical trials are mentioned.Fil: Roguin, Leonor Patricia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Chiarante, Nicolás Agustín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Garcia Vior, María Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Marino, Veronica Julieta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Química Biológica; Argentin