Perbedaan Pola Konsumsi Dan Status Gizi Antara Remaja Dengan Orang Tua Diabetes Melitus (Dm) Dan Non Dm

Adolescents prefer to consume high fat and high sugar food compare to healthy food such as fruit and vegetable. High fat and high sugar food are risk factor of diabetes mellitus development, especially in adolescents whose parents had diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to analyze the difference of eating habit and nutritional status between adolescents with DM parents and non DM parents. This was a cross-sectional research included 42 adolescents as sample that divided into 21 adolescents with DM parents and 21 adolescents with non DM parents. The sample was chosen randomly using simple random sampling technique. The difference of each variable was analyzed using Independent T-test and Mann Whitney (α = 0,05). The result showed that there was no difference of high glycemic index food consumption (p = 0,229) and fruit – vegetable consumption (p = 0,14) between adolescents with DM parents and non DM parents. However, adolescents with DM parents were eat high GI food more often compared to adolescents with non DM parents. There was a difference of BMI (Body Mass Index) between adolescents with DM parents and non DM parents (p = 0,036). The research concludes that most of adolescents with DM parents were obese. The adolescents need to reduce the frequency of high glycemic index (GI) food consumption, increase fruits and vegetable consumption, and also increase physical activities, particularly for adolescent with DM parents

Finite size effects, super-and sub-poissonian noise in a nanotube connected to leads

The injection of electrons in the bulk of carbon nanotube which is connected to ideal Fermi liquid leads is considered. While the presence of the leads gives a cancellation of the noise cross-correlations, the auto-correlation noise has a Fano factor which deviates strongly from the Schottky behavior at voltages where finite size effects are expected. Indeed, as the voltage is increased from zero, the noise is first super-poissonian, then sub-poissonian, and eventually it reaches the Schottky limit. These finite size effects are also tested using a diagnosis of photo-assisted transport, where a small AC modulation is superposed to the DC bias voltage between the injection tip and the nanotube. When finite size effects are at play, we obtain a stepwise behavior for the noise derivative, as expected for normal metal systems, whereas in the absence of finite size effects, due to the presence of Coulomb interactions, a smoothed staircase is observed. The present work shows that it is possible to explore finite size effects in nanotube transport via a zero frequency noise measurement

Autonomous space processor for orbital debris

This work continues to develop advanced designs toward the ultimate goal of a GETAWAY SPECIAL to demonstrate economical removal of orbital debris utilizing local resources in orbit. The fundamental technical feasibility was demonstrated last year through theoretical calculations, quantitative computer animation, a solar focal point cutter, a robotic arm design and a subscale model. During this reporting period, several improvements are made in the solar cutter, such as auto track capabilities, better quality reflectors and a more versatile framework. The major advance has been in the design, fabrication and working demonstration of a ROBOTIC ARM that has several degrees of freedom. The functions were specifically tailored for the orbital debris handling. These advances are discussed here. Also a small fraction of the resources were allocated towards research in flame augmentation in SCRAMJETS for the NASP. Here, the fundamental advance was the attainment of Mach numbers up to 0.6 in the flame zone and a vastly improved injection system; the current work is expected to achieve supersonic combustion in the laboratory and an advanced monitoring system

Clathrin light chains CLCa and CLCb have non-redundant roles in epithelial lumen formation

To identify functional differences between vertebrate clathrin light chains (CLCa or CLCb), phenotypes of mice lacking genes encoding either isoform were characterised. Mice without CLCa displayed 50% neonatal mortality, reduced body weight, reduced fertility, and ∼40% of aged females developed uterine pyometra. Mice lacking CLCb displayed a less severe weight reduction phenotype compared with those lacking CLCa and had no survival or reproductive system defects. Analysis of female mice lacking CLCa that developed pyometra revealed ectopic expression of epithelial differentiation markers (FOXA2 and K14) and a reduced number of endometrial glands, indicating defects in the lumenal epithelium. Defects in lumen formation and polarity of epithelial cysts derived from uterine or gut cell lines were also observed when either CLCa or CLCb were depleted, with more severe effects from CLCa depletion. In cysts, the CLC isoforms had different distributions relative to each other, although they converge in tissue. Together, these findings suggest differential and cooperative roles for CLC isoforms in epithelial lumen formation, with a dominant function for CLCa

Para-cresol production by Clostridium difficile affects microbial diversity and membrane integrity of Gram-negative bacteria

Clostridium difficile is a Gram-positive spore-forming anaerobe and a major cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. Disruption of the commensal microbiota, such as through treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics, is a critical precursor for colonisation by C. difficile and subsequent disease. Furthermore, failure of the gut microbiota to recover colonisation resistance can result in recurrence of infection. An unusual characteristic of C. difficile among gut bacteria is its ability to produce the bacteriostatic compound para-cresol (p-cresol) through fermentation of tyrosine. Here, we demonstrate that the ability of C. difficile to produce p-cresol in vitro provides a competitive advantage over gut bacteria including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. Metabolic profiling of competitive co-cultures revealed that acetate, alanine, butyrate, isobutyrate, p-cresol and p-hydroxyphenylacetate were the main metabolites responsible for differentiating the parent strain C. difficile (630Δerm) from a defined mutant deficient in p-cresol production. Moreover, we show that the p-cresol mutant displays a fitness defect in a mouse relapse model of C. difficile infection (CDI). Analysis of the microbiome from this mouse model of CDI demonstrates that colonisation by the p-cresol mutant results in a distinctly altered intestinal microbiota, and metabolic profile, with a greater representation of Gammaproteobacteria, including the Pseudomonales and Enterobacteriales. We demonstrate that Gammaproteobacteria are susceptible to exogenous p-cresol in vitro and that there is a clear divide between bacterial Phyla and their susceptibility to p-cresol. In general, Gram-negative species were relatively sensitive to p-cresol, whereas Gram-positive species were more tolerant. This study demonstrates that production of p-cresol by C. difficile has an effect on the viability of intestinal bacteria as well as the major metabolites produced in vitro. These observations are upheld in a mouse model of CDI, in which p-cresol production affects the biodiversity of gut microbiota and faecal metabolite profiles, suggesting that p-cresol production contributes to C. difficile survival and pathogenesis.Peer reviewedFinal Published versio

Regional Administrator Northwest Regional Office

Abstract: This Environmental Assessment (EA) analyzes the effects of establishing recordkeeping, reporting, catch sorting, and weighing requirements for persons who receive, buy, or accept Pacific whiting from vessels participating in the primary season for the shorebased sector. The Pacific whiting shoreside fishery has been managed under Exempted Fisheries Permit (EFPs) since 1992. However, EFPs are intended to be a temporary and an exploratory response to issues that potentially could be addressed by permanent regulations. The alternative action analyzed in this EA would be the first step towards replacing the EFP with permanent regulations. Although the Pacific whiting shoreside vessels will continue to operate under EFPs in 2007, the alternative action considered in this EA would supplement EFP activities with requirements that mainly affect the processors or other first receivers of EFP catch. The requirements analyzed under the alternative action mirror or enhance existing state regulations and associated paper-based fish ticket systems or provisions associated with current EFP management. The alternative action is expected to provide more timely reporting and improved estimates of the catch of Pacific whiting, ESA listed salmon species, and overfished groundfish species