9 research outputs found

    Adherence to a nutritional counseling program for adults with excess weight and comorbidities

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    Objetivo: Investigar adesão a programa de aconselhamento nutricional em grupo para indivíduos com excesso de peso e comorbidades. Métodos: Estudo analítico de intervenção controlada e aberta. Oitenta adultos, de ambos os sexos, com índice de massa corporal entre 25 e 35kg/m², portadores de dois ou mais fatores de risco cardiovascular associados foram alocados aleatoriamente em dois grupos para acompanhamento por três meses. O grupo de intervenção com aconselhamento nutricional em grupo recebeu atendimento individual e participou de seis reuniões grupais para discussão sobre alimentação saudável e atividade física, com dinâmicas e método participativo. O grupo-controle, com atendimento padrão individual, foi assistido em três consultas ambulatoriais. Consideraram-se repercussões dietéticas antes e após a intervenção e assiduidade às reuniões como parâmetros de adesão ao tratamento. Resultados: Trinta e três participantes concluíram o estudo. Do total inicial, 45,8% e 40,7% do grupo de intervenção com aconselhamento nutricional em grupo e do grupo-controle com atendimento padrão individual, respectivamente, atingiram nível ótimo de assiduidade. Os fatores mais citados como barreiras à adesão ao tratamento foram fazer refeições fora de casa (46,7% - grupo-controle com atendimento padrão individual) e dificuldade em aplicar os conhecimentos na prática, principalmente em eventos sociais (33,3% - grupo de intervenção com aconselhamento nutricional em grupo). Verificou-se aumento significativo do percentual médio do uso de temperos naturais e do número de refeições ao dia nos dois grupos após a intervenção. Porém, não houve diminuição significativa do consumo energético intra ou entre os grupos. Conclusão: Apesar da abrangência do conteúdo e do emprego de um método participativo no grupo de intervenção, a adesão foi insuficiente para alterar significativamente os principais parâmetros dietéticos estudados. O aprofundamento da abordagem comportamental, continuada e ultiprofissional deve ser objeto de mais investigações. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTObjective: The objective of this study was to verify adherence to a nutritional group counseling program for patients with excess weight and comorbidities. Methods: This was an analytical, open, controlled, intervention study. Eighty adults from both genders with a body mass index ranging from 25 to 35kg/m² with two or more associated cardiovascular risk factors were randomly allocated to two groups for a three-month follow-up. The intervention group with nutritional group counseling received personalized care and participated in six group meetings to discuss healthy eating and physical activity, with group dynamics and participatory method. The control group was given standard personalized care in three outpatient visits. The parameters of adherence to treatment were the dietary repercussions before and after the intervention and attendance to the meetings. Results: Thirty-three participants concluded the study. In all, 45.8% and 40.7% of intervention group and control group, respectively, had excellent attendance. The main barriers to adherence to treatment were the need of eating out (46.7% - control group) and the difficulty of putting their knowledge to use, especially in social occasions (33.3% - intervention group). There was a significant increase in the mean percentage use of natural seasonings and in the number of daily meals of both groups after the intervention. However, there was no significant decrease in energy intake within groups or between groups. Conclusion: Despite the breadth of the content and the use of a participatory method in the intervention group, adherence was not enough to change the main dietary parameters significantly

    Isolamento social e ansiedade durante a pandemia da COVID-19: uma análise psicossocial / Social isolation and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic: a psychosocial analysis

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    Devido o cenário abrupto da chegada da pandemia da Covid-19, bem como a necessidade do distanciamento social como medida preventiva da doença, houve um impacto brusco com mudança de hábitos e o início de readaptação frente a essa nova realidade. Dessa forma, além dos efeitos na saúde física, foi visto também consequências nos âmbitos mental e emocional. O presente estudo aborda as principais alterações psiquiátricas ocorridas no contexto do isolamento social a partir de uma revisão narrativa

    ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

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    Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

    Percepção de homens após infarto agudo do miocárdio

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    Objetivo: Compreender a percepção de homens sobre seus próprios sentimentos, as repercussões das mudanças no estilo de vida e a participação familiar após infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM). Métodos: Estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, realizado entre março e junho de 2016, em Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil, no qual se aplicaram entrevistas semi-estruturadas a homens adultos que tiveram episódio de infarto. A análise das entrevistas se baseou na Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados (Grounded Theory), de onde emergiram as categorias explicativas: Sentimentos vivenciados pelos pacientes após diagnóstico de IAM; Repercussão da mudança no estilo de vida com enfoque na alimentação e atividade física; Envolvimento e suporte familiar. Resultados: Em meio aos diversos sentimentos que acompanham o diagnóstico de IAM, destacaram-se o medo da finitude e de desamparar a família. As mudanças no estilo de vida, como elemento essencial do tratamento não medicamentoso, eram iniciadas. Quanto à alimentação, porém, foram insuficientes, em parte, devido à falta de orientações nutricionais adequadas. No que se refere à prática de atividade física, havia conscientização adequada, mas prevaleceu a dificuldade de manutenção do novo hábito. As famílias se revelaram a fonte majoritária de apoio social, sendo decisivas nesse processo. A adesão demonstrou-se parcial, tendo a falta de continuidade como entrave principal. Conclusão: O sucesso do planejamento terapêutico contínuo depende da adesão dos usuários, com existência de dificuldades nesse aspecto, mesmo com suporte social adequado. Torna-se clara a necessidade da conscientização sobre prevenção secundária e seus benefícios, de educação alimentar e da manutenção da mudança de hábitos

    Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Congenital Toxoplasmosis Diagnosis: Advances and Challenges

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    Objective. To understand how congenital toxoplasmosis (CT) diagnosis has evolved over the years, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the kind of analysis that has been employed for CT diagnosis. Methods. PubMed and Lilacs databases were used in order to access the kind of analysis that has been employed for CT diagnosis in several samples. Our search combined the following combining terms: “congenital toxoplasmosis” or “gestational toxoplasmosis” and “diagnosis” and “blood,” “serum,” “amniotic fluid,” “placenta,” or “colostrum.” We extracted data on true positive, true negative, false positive, and false negative to generate pooled sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR). Random-effects models using MetaDTA were used for analysis. Results. Sixty-five articles were included in the study aiming for comparisons (75.4%), diagnosis performance (52.3%), diagnosis improvement (32.3%), or to distinguish acute/chronic infection phases (36.9%). Amniotic fluid (AF) and placenta were used in 36.9% and 10.8% of articles, respectively, targeting parasites and/or T. gondii DNA. Blood was used in 86% of articles for enzymatic assays. Colostrum was used in one article to search for antibodies. In meta-analysis, PCR in AF showed the best performance for CT diagnosis based on the highest summary sensitivity (85.1%) and specificity (99.7%) added to lower magnitude heterogeneity. Conclusion. Most of the assays being researched to diagnose CT are basically the same traditional approaches available for clinical purposes. The range in diagnostic performance and the challenges imposed by CT diagnosis indicate the need to better explore pregnancy samples in search of new possibilities for diagnostic tools. Exploring immunological markers and using bioinformatics tools and T. gondii recombinant antigens should address the research needed for a new generation of diagnostic tools to face these challenges
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