Importancia de la buena práctica alimenticia y los estilos de vida saludables en los niños y niñas de Educación Inicial de la Escuela Pública Gabriela Mistral en Mateare, en los meses de febrero a abril del año 2019

La presente investigación se llevó a cabo en la escuela pública Gabriela Mistral, en el municipio de Mateare, donde se realizaron observaciones para identificar un tema a investigar encontrando muchas, donde consideramos de más relevancia los tipos de alimentos que los niños estaban consumiendo y para ello nos propusimos un objetivo principal de: Analizar las prácticas alimenticias y los estilos de vida saludable en los niños y niñas de educación inicial. Cabe mencionar que esta investigación es con enfoque cualitativo, ya que consiste en la recolección y análisis de información desde el contexto. También es de carácter descriptivo donde se describen hechos que se viven en la realidad, que tiene como objetivo proporcionar una visión de un evento, condición o situación. La problemática encontrada es que los niños y niñas de educación inicial están consumiendo comidas chatarra, que no benefician en su desarrollo integral, siendo en primer lugar los padres quienes contribuyen a facilitar ese tipo de alimentos a los niños y niñas, a pesar que diariamente los padres de familia elaboran la merienda escolar, hay niños que no la comen prefiriendo las chiverías que llevan en sus loncheras o comprándolas en el puesto de ventas que está dentro de la escuela. Para contribuir al cambio y tratar de dar respuesta a esta problemática proporcionamos al director y docente acciones que permitan concientizar a padres de familia y a los mismos niños y niñas de la importancia que tienen las buenas prácticas alimentarias y estilos de vida saludable para las personas. Palabras claves: niños y niñas, Alimentos, Merienda, Nutrición, Higiene, Promoció

POWAR: Power-Aware Routing in HPC Networks with On/Off Links

[EN] In order to save energy in HPC interconnection networks, one usual proposal is to switch idle links into a low-power mode after a certain time without any transmission, as IEEE Energy Efficient Ethernet standard proposes. Extending the low-power mode mechanism, we propose POWer-Aware Routing (POWAR), a simple power-aware routing and selection function for fat-tree and torus networks. POWAR adapts the amount of network links that can be used, taking into account the network load, and obtaining great energy savings in the network (55%-65%) and the entire system (9%-10%) with negligible performance overhead.This work has been supported by the Spanish MINECO and European Commission (FEDER funds) under project TIN2015-66972-C5-1-R. Francisco J. Andujar has been partially funded by the Spanish MICINN and by the ERDF program of the European Union: PCAS Project (TIN2017-88614-R), CAPAP-H6 (TIN2016-81840-REDT), and Junta de Castilla y Leon FEDER Grant VA082P17 (PROPHET Project).Andújar-Muñoz, FJ.; Coll, S.; Alonso Díaz, M.; López Rodríguez, PJ.; Martínez-Rubio, J. (2019). POWAR: Power-Aware Routing in HPC Networks with On/Off Links. ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization. 15(4):1-22. https://doi.org/10.1145/3293445S122154Abts, D., Marty, M. R., Wells, P. M., Klausler, P., & Liu, H. (2010). Energy proportional datacenter networks. Proceedings of the 37th annual international symposium on Computer architecture - ISCA ’10. doi:10.1145/1815961.1816004Adiga, N. R., Blumrich, M. A., Chen, D., Coteus, P., Gara, A., Giampapa, M. E., … Vranas, P. (2005). Blue Gene/L torus interconnection network. IBM Journal of Research and Development, 49(2.3), 265-276. doi:10.1147/rd.492.0265M. Alonso S. Coll J. M. Martínez V. Santonja and P. López. 2015. Power consumption management in fat-tree interconnection networks. Parallel Comput. 48 C (Oct. 2015) 59--80. 10.1016/j.parco.2015.03.007 M. Alonso S. Coll J. M. Martínez V. Santonja and P. López. 2015. Power consumption management in fat-tree interconnection networks. Parallel Comput. 48 C (Oct. 2015) 59--80. 10.1016/j.parco.2015.03.007Marina Alonso, Coll, S., Martínez, J.-M., Santonja, V., López, P., & Duato, J. (2010). Power saving in regular interconnection networks. Parallel Computing, 36(12), 696-712. doi:10.1016/j.parco.2010.08.003Bob Alverson Edwin Froese Larry Kaplan and Duncan Roweth. 2012. Cray XC series network. Cray Inc. White Paper WP-Aries01-1112 (2012). Bob Alverson Edwin Froese Larry Kaplan and Duncan Roweth. 2012. Cray XC series network. Cray Inc. White Paper WP-Aries01-1112 (2012).Anderson, T. E., Owicki, S. S., Saxe, J. B., & Thacker, C. P. (1993). High-speed switch scheduling for local-area networks. ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, 11(4), 319-352. doi:10.1145/161541.161736Andujar, F. J., Villar, J. A., Sanchez, J. L., Alfaro, F. J., & Escudero-Sahuquillo, J. (2015). VEF Traces: A Framework for Modelling MPI Traffic in Interconnection Network Simulators. 2015 IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing. doi:10.1109/cluster.2015.141Barroso, L. A., & Hölzle, U. (2007). The Case for Energy-Proportional Computing. Computer, 40(12), 33-37. doi:10.1109/mc.2007.443Camacho, J., & Flich, J. (2011). HPC-Mesh: A Homogeneous Parallel Concentrated Mesh for Fault-Tolerance and Energy Savings. 2011 ACM/IEEE Seventh Symposium on Architectures for Networking and Communications Systems. doi:10.1109/ancs.2011.17Chen, D., Parker, J. J., Eisley, N. A., Heidelberger, P., Senger, R. M., Sugawara, Y., … Steinmacher-Burow, B. (2011). The IBM Blue Gene/Q interconnection network and message unit. Proceedings of 2011 International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis on - SC ’11. doi:10.1145/2063384.2063419Chen, L., & Pinkston, T. M. (2012). NoRD: Node-Router Decoupling for Effective Power-gating of On-Chip Routers. 2012 45th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture. doi:10.1109/micro.2012.33Christensen, K., Reviriego, P., Nordman, B., Bennett, M., Mostowfi, M., & Maestro, J. (2010). IEEE 802.3az: the road to energy efficient ethernet. IEEE Communications Magazine, 48(11), 50-56. doi:10.1109/mcom.2010.5621967Dally, & Seitz. (1987). Deadlock-Free Message Routing in Multiprocessor Interconnection Networks. IEEE Transactions on Computers, C-36(5), 547-553. doi:10.1109/tc.1987.1676939Das, R., Narayanasamy, S., Satpathy, S. K., & Dreslinski, R. G. (2013). Catnap. Proceedings of the 40th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture - ISCA ’13. doi:10.1145/2485922.2485950Derradji, S., Palfer-Sollier, T., Panziera, J.-P., Poudes, A., & Atos, F. W. (2015). The BXI Interconnect Architecture. 2015 IEEE 23rd Annual Symposium on High-Performance Interconnects. doi:10.1109/hoti.2015.15Jack Dongarra Hans W. Meuer and Erich Strohmaier. 2018. TOP500 Supercomputer Sites. Retrieved from https://www.top500.org. Jack Dongarra Hans W. Meuer and Erich Strohmaier. 2018. TOP500 Supercomputer Sites. Retrieved from https://www.top500.org.Duato, J. (1993). A new theory of deadlock-free adaptive routing in wormhole networks. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 4(12), 1320-1331. doi:10.1109/71.250114José Duato Sudhakar Yalamanchili and Lionel Ni. 2003. Interconnection Networks. An Engineering Approach. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc. San Francisco CA. José Duato Sudhakar Yalamanchili and Lionel Ni. 2003. Interconnection Networks. An Engineering Approach. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc. San Francisco CA.GALGO 2017. GALGO—Albacete Research Institute of Informatics Supercomputer Center homepage. Retrieved from http://www.i3a.uclm.es/galgo. GALGO 2017. GALGO—Albacete Research Institute of Informatics Supercomputer Center homepage. Retrieved from http://www.i3a.uclm.es/galgo.Greenberg, A., Hamilton, J., Maltz, D. A., & Patel, P. (2008). The cost of a cloud. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, 39(1), 68-73. doi:10.1145/1496091.1496103HPCC {n.d.}. HPC Challenge Benchmark. Retrieved from http://icl.cs.utk.edu/hpcc/index.html. HPCC {n.d.}. HPC Challenge Benchmark. Retrieved from http://icl.cs.utk.edu/hpcc/index.html.Hluchyj, M. G., & Karol, M. J. (1988). Queueing in high-performance packet switching. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 6(9), 1587-1597. doi:10.1109/49.12886Koibuchi, M., Otsuka, T., Hiroki Matsutani, & Amano, H. (2009). An on/off link activation method for low-power ethernet in PC clusters. 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Parallel & Distributed Processing. doi:10.1109/ipdps.2009.5161069Phillips, J. C., Braun, R., Wang, W., Gumbart, J., Tajkhorshid, E., Villa, E., … Schulten, K. (2005). Scalable molecular dynamics with NAMD. Journal of Computational Chemistry, 26(16), 1781-1802. doi:10.1002/jcc.20289Pronk, S., Páll, S., Schulz, R., Larsson, P., Bjelkmar, P., Apostolov, R., … Lindahl, E. (2013). GROMACS 4.5: a high-throughput and highly parallel open source molecular simulation toolkit. Bioinformatics, 29(7), 845-854. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btt055Reviriego, P., Hernandez, J., Larrabeiti, D., & Maestro, J. (2009). Performance evaluation of energy efficient ethernet. IEEE Communications Letters, 13(9), 697-699. doi:10.1109/lcomm.2009.090880K. P. Saravanan and P. Carpenter. 2018. PerfBound: Conserving energy with bounded overheads in on/off-based HPC interconnects. IEEE Trans. Comput. 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Estrategias metodológicas que utiliza la docente para mejorar el desarrollo social y la integración en las actividades escolares de un niño de 5 años de III nivel del Colegio Público Luxemburgo, en el II semestre del año 2017

La presente investigación se llevó a cabo en el Colegio Público Luxemburgo, donde se identificó a un niño con dificultades sociales; por lo cual esta investigación consiste en las estrategias metodológicas que utiliza la docente para mejorar el desarrollo social y la integración en las actividades escolares del niño, donde nuestro objetivo principal es valorar las estrategias que implementa la docente para fortalecer el desarrollo social e integración en el niño. El enfoque de esta investigación es cualitativo ya que consiste en la recolección y el análisis de información, esta es de carácter descriptivo dado que describe un hecho real, que tiene como objetivo proporcionar una visión de un evento, condición o situación, asimismo esta investigación tiene un diseño de estudio de caso que también es parte del enfoque cualitativo. Entre los principales hallazgos de la investigación concluimos que el niño en estudio carece de motivación para que logre integrarse en las actividades escolares; también constatamos que la docente no realiza actividades que llamen la atención del niño dado que estas estrategias son el canto y el trabajo en el libro y cuaderno; por lo cual el niño se niega a trabajar en ello, de esa manera no se integra ni socializa con los demás y prefiere estar solo. Uno de los propósitos de esta investigación es proporcionar estrategias metodológicas a la docente para que estas ayuden a fortalecer el desarrollo social e integral del niño, por lo cual en el presente trabajo se plasman las estrategias que pueden trabajar con niños para motivar a que se integren en el proceso educativo. Recomendamos a la docente que motive al niño integrándolo en las actividades, también que indague sobre estrategias para motivar y fomentar la participación en el niño dado que en la primera infancia es sumamente importante, ya que es a través de las relaciones sociales que se adquieren conocimientos sobre uno mismo, sobre las capacidades y limitaciones que tenemos; es donde aprendemos a compartir, a comunicarnos, a desarrollar empatía con los demás, a jugar y a cooperar

Energy efficient HPC network topologies with on/off links

Producción CientíficaEnergy efficiency is a must in today HPC systems. To achieve this goal, a holistic design based on the use of power-aware components should be performed. One of the key components of an HPC system is the high-speed interconnect. In this paper, we compare and evaluate several design options for the interconnection network of an HPC system, including torus, fat-trees and dragonflies. State of the art low power modes are also used in the interconnection networks. The paper does not only consider energy efficiency at the interconnection network level but also at the system as a whole. The analysis is performed by using a simple yet realistic power model of the system. The model has been adjusted using actual power consumption values measured on a real system. Using this model, realistic multi-job trace-based workloads have been used, obtaining the execution time and energy consumed. The results are presented to ease choosing a system, depending on which parameter, performance or energy consumption, receives the most importance.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (projects PID2019-105903RB-100 and PID2021-123627OB)Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (project SBPLY/21/180501/ 000248

Energy efficient torus networks with on/off links

[EN] Future exascale computing systems will require energy and performance efficient interconnection networks to respond to the high data movement demands of new applications, such as those coming from big-data and artificial intelligence areas. The network structure plays a major role in the overall interconnect performance, for this reason torus is a common topology used in the current largest supercomputers. There are several proposals to improve energy efficiency of interconnection networks. However, few works combine both energy and performance, and sometimes they are treated as opposed issues. In this paper, we try to determine which torus network configuration offers the best performance/energy ratio when high-radix switches are used to build the interconnect system. The performance/energy evaluation has been performed by trace-driven simulation under realistic scenarios, where several mixes of scientific applications share a supercomputer system and are scheduled to be executed with the available resources at each moment.This work has been supported by the Spanish MINECO and European Commission (FEDER funds) under project TIN2015-66972-05-1-R and project TIN2015-66972-05-2-R. Francisco J. Andujar is also funded by the Spanish MINECO under a Juan de la Cierva grant FJCI-2015-26080.Andújar, FJ.; Coll, S.; Alonso Díaz, M.; Martínez-Rubio, J.; López Rodríguez, PJ.; Sánchez, JL.; Alfaro, FJ.... (2019). Energy efficient torus networks with on/off links. Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing. 130:37-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpdc.2019.03.015S374913

Energy efficient HPC network topologies with on/off links

[EN] Energy efficiency is a must in today HPC systems. To achieve this goal, a holistic design based on the use of power-aware components should be performed. One of the key components of an HPC system is the high-speed interconnect. In this paper, we compare and evaluate several design options for the interconnection network of an HPC system, including torus, fat-trees and dragonflies. State of the art low power modes are also used in the interconnection networks. The paper does not only consider energy efficiency at the interconnection network level but also at the system as a whole.The analysis is performed by using a simple yet realistic power model of the system. The model has been adjusted using actual power consumption values measured on a real system. Using this model, realistic multi-job trace-based workloads have been used, obtaining the execution time and energy consumed. The results are presented to ease choosing a system, depending on which parameter, performance or energy consumption, receives the most importance.This work has been supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MICINN, formerly MINECO) , and the European Commission (FEDER funds) under the projects PID2019- 105903RB-100 and PID2021-123627OB-C5, and by Junta de Comunidades de Castilla -La Mancha under the project SBPLY/21/180501/000248.Andújar-Muñoz, FJ.; Coll, S.; Alonso Díaz, M.; Martínez-Rubio, J.; López Rodríguez, PJ.; Sánchez García, JL.; Alfaro Cortés, FJ. (2023). Energy efficient HPC network topologies with on/off links. Future Generation Computer Systems. 139:126-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2022.09.01212613813

Use of Eculizumab in Pediatric Patients With Transplant Associated Thrombotic Microangiopathy

Complement inhibitor; Eculizumab; Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT)Inhibidor del complemento; Eculizumab; Trasplante de células madre hematopoyéticas (TCMH)Inhibidor del complement; Eculizumab; Trasplantament de cèl·lules mare hematopoètiques (HSCT)Background: Transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA) is a serious complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) associated with high morbidity and mortality. High-risk TA-TMA (hrTA-TMA) is characterized by multifactorial endothelial damage caused by environmental stressors, dysregulation of the complement system, and genetic predisposition. Complement inhibitors have significantly decreased mortality and are the current treatment of choice. In this article, we describe our experience with the use of eculizumab in pediatric patients diagnosed with hrT-TMA after HSCT. Method: Retrospective study of pediatric patients with hrTA-TMA treated with eculizumab between January 2016 and December 2020. Results: Four pediatric patients aged 1, 12, 14, and 17 years at the time of HSCT were diagnosed with hrTA-TMA and treated with eculizumab during the study. At diagnosis, they all had renal impairment with proteinuria, and hypertension under treatment with at least two antihypertensive drugs. The patient who presented multisystemic involvement died instead of treatment. The three patients with exclusive renal involvement achieved TA-TMA resolution after treatment with eculizumab for 65, 52, and 40.6 weeks and were able to stop treatment. The two patients with follow-up data one year after eculizumab withdrawal sustained a favorable response. Eculizumab was well tolerated, and with adequate vaccination and antibiotic prophylaxis, did not increase the risk of infection. Conclusions: Eculizumab appears to be both safe and effective for the treatment of hrTA-TMA in patients with renal impairment. Early diagnosis and initiation of treatment may improve response. Eculizumab withdrawal can be contemplated in patients who achieve laboratory and clinical resolution of TA-TMA

Evaluation of the Effect of Sampling Time on Biomarkers of Stress, Immune System, Redox Status and Other Biochemistry Analytes in Saliva of Finishing Pigs

Saliva is a sample with a high potential in pigs since it is usually easy to obtain and its collection from animals causes less stress than blood sampling. However, the possible effects of daily variations in many salivary biomarkers are still unknown in this species. In our report, the possible variations depending on the sampling time in the day in a panel of 26 salivary biomarkers related to stress, immune system, redox status and other physiological functions in the saliva of pigs were evaluated. In our experimental conditions, daily variations were observed in cortisol, α-amylase, total esterase, butyrylcholinesterase, lipase, adenosine deaminase isoenzyme 1, uric acid, superoxide dismutase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, triglycerides and lactate. In some analytes, these differences appeared in both sexes, whereas others only showed differences in one sex. These variations should be taken into consideration for an appropriate interpretation of these analytes in the saliva of healthy pigs. This study aims to evaluate the possible variations due to the sampling time in the day in 26 analytes of pigs' saliva, related to stress, the immune system, redox status and other biomarkers related to metabolism and selected tissues and organs, in order to know the possible effects of the hour of the day in their interpretation. These analytes were measured in saliva obtained from a population of 40 clinically healthy pigs from 8 a.m. to 8 p.m., every 4 h in the same day. In our experimental conditions, daily variations were observed in cortisol, salivary α-amylase, total esterase activity, butyrylcholinesterase, lipase, adenosine deaminase isoenzyme 1, uric acid, superoxide dismutase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, lactate and triglycerides. These changes appeared in both sexes, except for adenosine deaminase isoenzyme 1 and superoxide dismutase which only showed differences in females. In conclusion, this report indicates that, in the experimental conditions of this trial, the time of the day and sex can influence the values obtained in various salivary analytes in pigs. These variations should thus be taken into consideration for an adequate interpretation of these analytes when used for the evaluation of health and welfare in this species

Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma small extracellular vesicles and mirnas as biomarkers for prion diseases

Diagnosis of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), or prion diseases, is based on the detection of proteinase K (PK)-resistant PrPSc in post-mortem tissues as indication of infection and disease. Since PrPSc detection is not considered a reliable method for in vivo diagnosis in most TSEs, it is of crucial importance to identify an alternative source of biomarkers to provide useful alternatives for current diagnostic methodology. Ovine scrapie is the prototype of TSEs and has been known for a long time. Using this natural model of TSE, we investigated the presence of PrPSc in exosomes derived from plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) and the levels of candidate microRNAs (miRNAs) by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Significant scrapie-associated increase was found for miR-21-5p in plasma-derived but not in CSF-derived exosomes. However, miR-342-3p, miR-146a-5p, miR-128-3p and miR-21-5p displayed higher levels in total CSF from scrapie-infected sheep. The analysis of overexpressed miRNAs in this biofluid, together with plasma exosomal miR-21-5p, could help in scrapie diagnosis once the presence of the disease is suspected. In addition, we found the presence of PrPSc in most CSF-derived exosomes from clinically affected sheep, which may facilitate in vivo diagnosis of prion diseases, at least during the clinical stage

Outer membrane vesicles of the oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis promote aggregation and phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic Gram-positive bacterial pathogen that causes a wide variety of infectious diseases, including S. aureus bacteremia (SAB). Recent studies showed that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a risk factor for SAB, as RA patients appear to be more susceptible to SAB and display higher degrees of disease severity or complications, such as osteoarticular infections. On the other hand, Porphyromonas gingivalis is a Gram-negative bacterial oral pathogen, which is notable for its implication in the etiopathogenesis of RA due to its unique citrullinating enzyme PPAD and its highly effective proteases, known as gingipains. Both PPAD and gingipains are abundant in P. gingivalis outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which are secreted nanostructures that originate from the outer membrane. Here we show that P. gingivalis OMVs cause the aggregation of S. aureus bacteria in a gingipain- and PPAD-dependent fashion, and that this aggregation phenotype is reversible. Importantly, we also show that the exposure of S. aureus to OMVs of P. gingivalis promotes the staphylococcal internalization by human neutrophils with no detectable neutrophil killing. Altogether, our observations suggest that P. gingivalis can eliminate its potential competitor S. aureus by promoting staphylococcal aggregation and the subsequent internalization by neutrophils. We hypothesize that this phenomenon may have repercussions for the host, since immune cells with internalized bacteria may facilitate bacterial translocation to the blood stream, which could potentially contribute to the association between RA and SAB