8 research outputs found

    Cellular signaling in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: study of the mechanism of action of vitamin D

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    Calcitriol, the biologically active form of vitamin D, affects multiple cellular processes following binding to the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a nuclear transcription factor. Epidemiological studies have reported that low blood levels of vitamin D are associated with adverse disease outcome in mature lymphoid malignancies, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). In this study, we sought to obtain deeper biological insight into the role of vitamin D in the pathophysiology of CLL. To this end, we investigated whether the calcitriol/VDR system is functional in CLL and analyzed key signaling pathways that are regulated by calcitriol supplementation, while also exploring the role of microenvironmental signals in the regulation of the calcitriol/VDR system. We report that the calcitriol/VDR system is functional in CLL, since stimulation of CLL B cells with calcitriol induced CYP24A1, a target gene of activated VDR, and also modulated ERK and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation. Moreover, transcriptome analysis revealed that calcitriol regulates signaling pathways critical for cell survival and proliferation, including the TLR and PI3K/AKT pathways. Although external triggers such as anti-IgM/CD40L or stromal cells can modulate VDR and CYP24A1 in CLL, calcitriol action is likely independent of the microenvironmental signals in CLL, since it was not impeded when combined with anti-IgM/CD40L or in the context of the co-culture system. This claim was also supported by our finding of preserved calcitriol signaling capacity in CLL patients under ibrutinib treatment. Our results support a relevant role for vitamin D in CLL pathophysiology and imply potential clinical utility of vitamin D supplementation in CLL patients.Η καλσιτριόλη, βιολογικώς δραστική μορφή της βιταμίνης D, επηρεάζει πολλές κυτταρικές διεργασίες έπειτα από τη δέσμευσή της στον αντίστοιχο υποδοχέα (vitamin D receptor, VDR), έναν πυρηνικό μεταγραφικό παράγοντα. Επιδημιολογικές μελέτες αναφέρουν ότι τα χαμηλά επίπεδα βιταμίνης D στο αίμα σχετίζονται με δυσμενή έκβαση νόσου στις λεμφικές κακοήθειες, μεταξύ άλλων και η χρόνια λεμφοκυτταρική λευχαιμία (ΧΛΛ). Στην παρούσα μελέτη, επιδιώξαμε να αποκτήσουμε βαθύτερη κατανόηση του βιολογικού ρόλου της βιταμίνης D στην παθοφυσιολογία της ΧΛΛ. Για το σκοπό αυτό, ερευνήσαμε κατά πόσον το σύστημα καλσιτριόλη/VDR είναι λειτουργικό στη ΧΛΛ και αναλύσαμε σημαντικές οδούς σηματοδότησης που ρυθμίζονται από τη χορήγηση καλσιτριόλης. Επίσης, εξετάσαμε το ρόλο των μικροπεριβαλλοντικών σημάτων στη ρύθμιση του συστήματος καλσιτριόλη/VDR. Διαπιστώσαμε ότι το σύστημα καλσιτριόλη/VDR είναι λειτουργικό στη ΧΛΛ, καθώς η διέγερση των Β ΧΛΛ κυττάρων με καλσιτριόλη επάγει το CYP24A1, ένα γονίδιο-στόχο του ενεργοποιημένου VDR, ενώ επίσης τροποποιεί την κατάσταση φωσφορυλίωσης των ERK και NF-κΒ ρ65. Επιπλέον, η ανάλυση μεταγραφώματος αποκάλυψε ότι η καλσιτριόλη ρυθμίζει οδούς σηματοδότησης που είναι κρίσιμες για την επιβίωση και τον πολλαπλασιασμό των κυττάρων, συμπεριλαμβανομένων των οδών TLR και PI3K/AKT. Παρότι συνθήκες που απομιμούνται την επίδραση του μικροπεριβάλλοντος (π.χ. διέγερση με αντι-ΙgΜ/CD40L ή συν-καλλιέργεια με στρωματικά κύτταρα) μεταβάλλουν την έκφραση των μορίων VDR και CYP24A1 στη ΧΛΛ, η δράση της καλσιτριόλης είναι πιθανόν ανεξάρτητη από τα μικροπεριβάλλοντα σήματα στη ΧΛΛ, καθώς δεν παρεμποδίστηκε σε καμία συνθήκη που ελέγχθηκε. Το παραπάνω εύρημα υποστηρίχθηκε επιπλέον από τα αποτελέσματά μας που δείχνουν διατηρημένη ικανότητα σηματοδότησης μέσω καλσιτριόλης/VDR σε ΧΛΛ ασθενείς υπό θεραπεία με ibrutinib. Συνολικά, η παρούσα μελέτη προσφέρει νέες ενδείξεις για τη συμμετοχή της βιταμίνης D στην παθοφυσιολογία της ΧΛΛ και υποδηλώνει την πιθανή κλινική χρησιμότητα της χορήγησης βιταμίνης D σε ασθενείς με ΧΛΛ

    Functional characterization of the C7ORF76 genomic region, a prominent GWAS signal for osteoporosis in 7q21.3

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    Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have repeatedly identified genetic variants associated with bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporotic fracture in non-coding regions of C7ORF76, a poorly studied gene of unknown function. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the causality and molecular mechanisms underlying the association. We re-sequenced the genomic region in two extreme BMD groups from the BARCOS cohort of postmenopausal women to search for functionally relevant variants. Eight selected variants were tested for association in the complete cohort and 2 of them (rs4342521 and rs10085588) were found significantly associated with lumbar spine BMD and nominally associated with osteoporotic fracture. cis-eQTL analyses of these 2 SNPs, together with SNP rs4727338 (GWAS lead SNP in Estrada et al., Nat Genet. 44:491-501, 2012), performed in human primary osteoblasts, disclosed a statistically significant influence on the expression of the proximal neighbouring gene SLC25A13 and a tendency on the distal SHFM1. We then studied the functionality of a putative upstream regulatory element (UPE), containing rs10085588. Luciferase reporter assays showed transactivation capability with a strong allele-dependent effect. Finally, 4C-seq experiments in osteoblastic cell lines showed that the UPE interacted with different tissue-specific enhancers and a lncRNA (LOC100506136) in the region. In summary, this study is the first one to analyse in depth the functionality of C7ORF76 genomic region. We provide functional regulatory evidence for the rs10085588, which may be a causal SNP within the 7q21.3 GWAS signal for osteoporosis.This work was supported by the following grants: SAF2014-56562-R, SAF2016-75948-R (Spanish MINECO), 2014SGR932 (Generalitat de Catalunya), CIBERER (U720), and FEIOMM Investigación 2014. NRA is a recipient of an FPU predoctoral fellowship from the Spanish Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte; NMG is a recipient of a FI predoctoral fellowship from Generalitat de Catalunya

    Functional characterization of the C7ORF76 genomic region, a prominent GWAS signal for osteoporosis in 7q21.3.

    No full text
    Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have repeatedly identified genetic variants associated with bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporotic fracture in non-coding regions of C7ORF76, a poorly studied gene of unknown function. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the causality and molecular mechanisms underlying the association. We re-sequenced the genomic region in two extreme BMD groups from the BARCOS cohort of postmenopausal women to search for functionally relevant variants. Eight selected variants were tested for association in the complete cohort and 2 of them (rs4342521 and rs10085588) were found significantly associated with lumbar spine BMD and nominally associated with osteoporotic fracture. cis-eQTL analyses of these 2 SNPs, together with SNP rs4727338 (GWAS lead SNP in Estrada et al., Nat Genet. 44:491-501, 2012), performed in human primary osteoblasts, disclosed a statistically significant influence on the expression of the proximal neighbouring gene SLC25A13 and a tendency on the distal SHFM1. We then studied the functionality of a putative upstream regulatory element (UPE), containing rs10085588. Luciferase reporter assays showed transactivation capability with a strong allele-dependent effect. Finally, 4C-seq experiments in osteoblastic cell lines showed that the UPE interacted with different tissue-specific enhancers and a lncRNA (LOC100506136) in the region. In summary, this study is the first one to analyse in depth the functionality of C7ORF76 genomic region. We provide functional regulatory evidence for the rs10085588, which may be a causal SNP within the 7q21.3 GWAS signal for osteoporosis
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