10,858 research outputs found
Room temperature GW bar detector with opto-mechanical readout
We present the full implementation of a room-temperature gravitational wave
bar detector equipped with an opto-mechanical readout. The mechanical
vibrations are read by a Fabry--Perot interferometer whose length changes are
compared with a stable reference optical cavity by means of a resonant laser.
The detector performance is completely characterized in terms of spectral
sensitivity and statistical properties of the fluctuations in the system output
signal. The new kind of readout technique allows for wide-band detection
sensitivity and we can accurately test the model of the coupled oscillators for
thermal noise. Our results are very promising in view of cryogenic operation
and represent an important step towards significant improvements in the
performance of massive gravitational wave detectors.Comment: 7 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Surface Impedance Determination via Numerical Resolution of the Inverse Helmholtz Problem
Assigning boundary conditions, such as acoustic impedance, to the frequency
domain thermoviscous wave equations (TWE), derived from the linearized
Navier-Stokes equations (LNSE) poses a Helmholtz problem, solution to which
yields a discrete set of complex eigenfunctions and eigenvalue pairs. The
proposed method -- the inverse Helmholtz solver (iHS) -- reverses such
procedure by returning the value of acoustic impedance at one or more unknown
impedance boundaries (IBs) of a given domain, via spatial integration of the
TWE for a given real-valued frequency with assigned conditions on other
boundaries. The iHS procedure is applied to a second-order spatial
discretization of the TWEs on an unstructured staggered grid arrangement. Only
the momentum equation is extended to the center of each IB face where pressure
and velocity components are co-located and treated as unknowns. The iHS is
finally closed via assignment of the surface gradient of pressure phase over
the IBs, corresponding to assigning the shape of the acoustic waveform at the
IB. The iHS procedure can be carried out independently for different
frequencies, making it embarrassingly parallel, and able to return the complete
broadband complex impedance distribution at the IBs in any desired frequency
range to arbitrary numerical precision. The iHS approach is first validated
against Rott's theory for viscous rectangular and circular ducts. The impedance
of a toy porous cavity with a complex geometry is then reconstructed and
validated with companion fully compressible unstructured Navier-Stokes
simulations resolving the cavity geometry. Verification against one-dimensional
impedance test tube calculations based on time-domain impedance boundary
conditions (TDIBC) is also carried out. Finally, results from a preliminary
analysis of a thermoacoustically unstable cavity are presented.Comment: As submitted to AIAA Aviation 201
Discovery of Blue Hook Stars in the Massive Globular Cluster M54
We present BV photometry centered on the globular cluster M54 (NGC 6715). The
color-magnitude diagram clearly shows a blue horizontal branch extending
anomalously beyond the zero age horizontal branch theoretical models. These
kinds of horizontal branch stars (also called ``blue hook'' stars), which go
beyond the lower limit of the envelope mass of canonical horizontal branch hot
stars, have so far been known to exist in only a few globular clusters: NGC
2808, Omega Centauri (NGC 5139), NGC 6273, and NGC 6388. Those clusters, like
M54, are among the most luminous in our Galaxy, indicating a possible
correlation between the existence of these types of horizontal branch stars and
the total mass of the cluster. A gap in the observed horizontal branch of M54
around T(eff)= 27000 K could be interpreted within the late helium flash
theoretical scenario, a possible explanation for the origin of those stars.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical
Journa
Calibração de um lisímetro simplificado de pesagem.
O crescente uso da água e a redução de sua disponibilidade têm se tornado preocupação cada vez maior em todo o mundo. Em termos mundiais, a agricultura é responsável pela utilização de 70% da água doce consumida no planeta, por isso tem sido alvo de crítica pela sociedade demandando que sua utilização seja da forma mais racional possível. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo a construção e calibração de um lisímetro de pesagem em solo não vegetado de custo reduzido
Surmounting collectively oscillating bottlenecks
We study the collective escape dynamics of a chain of coupled, weakly damped
nonlinear oscillators from a metastable state over a barrier when driven by a
thermal heat bath in combination with a weak, globally acting periodic
perturbation. Optimal parameter choices are identified that lead to a drastic
enhancement of escape rates as compared to a pure noise-assisted situation. We
elucidate the speed-up of escape in the driven Langevin dynamics by showing
that the time-periodic external field in combination with the thermal
fluctuations triggers an instability mechanism of the stationary homogeneous
lattice state of the system. Perturbations of the latter provided by incoherent
thermal fluctuations grow because of a parametric resonance, leading to the
formation of spatially localized modes (LMs). Remarkably, the LMs persist in
spite of continuously impacting thermal noise. The average escape time assumes
a distinct minimum by either tuning the coupling strength and/or the driving
frequency. This weak ac-driven assisted escape in turn implies a giant speed of
the activation rate of such thermally driven coupled nonlinear oscillator
chains
Reciprocal Relations Between Kinetic Curves
We study coupled irreversible processes. For linear or linearized kinetics
with microreversibility, , the kinetic operator is symmetric in
the entropic inner product. This form of Onsager's reciprocal relations implies
that the shift in time, , is also a symmetric operator. This
generates the reciprocity relations between the kinetic curves. For example,
for the Master equation, if we start the process from the th pure state and
measure the probability of the th state (), and,
similarly, measure for the process, which starts at the th pure
state, then the ratio of these two probabilities is constant in
time and coincides with the ratio of the equilibrium probabilities. We study
similar and more general reciprocal relations between the kinetic curves. The
experimental evidence provided as an example is from the reversible water gas
shift reaction over iron oxide catalyst. The experimental data are obtained
using Temporal Analysis of Products (TAP) pulse-response studies. These offer
excellent confirmation within the experimental error.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure, the final versio
Hydrogen atom in a spherical well: linear approximation
We discuss the boundary effects on a quantum system by examining the problem
of a hydrogen atom in a spherical well. By using an approximation method which
is linear in energy we calculate the boundary corrections to the ground-state
energy and wave function. We obtain the asymptotic dependence of the
ground-state energy on the radius of the well.Comment: Revised version to appear in European Journal of Physic
Fixação biológica de nitrogênio: Bactérias fixadoras de nitrogênio de importância para a agricultura tropical.
Diazotrofos de vida livre. Diazotrofos associativos. Endófiticos facultativos. Endofíticos obrigatórios. Diazotrofos simbióticos.bitstream/CNPAB-2010/27316/1/doc091.pd
Novel Food-Based Product Communication: A Neurophysiological Study
The steady increase in the global food demand requires alternative sources. Food sources from invertebrates could be a viable alternative. Despite a growing interest in terrestrial invertebrates as novel food, Western consumers have to cope with fears and taboos. This research aims to investigate possible communication strategies of novel food through labels. To understand the complexity underlying food choice and novel food attitude, two studies were carried out. In Study 1, the main drivers in the food decision-making process were identified. Based on these results, in Study 2, two different food labels for crackers made with earthworm flour were designed. Applying a neurophysiological approach, we measured participants\u2019 neuropsychophysiological activation and behavioural response while watching food labels. A video on nutritional and ecological issues was shown to consumers to reduce aversion towards earthworms as food. The results in Study 1 indicate health and sensory dimensions as the major drivers in food choice. The data of Study 2 supported the effectiveness of the statement about nutritional qualities of the products on male participants, who tend to have a more positive reaction than female participants toward the novel product made with earthworm flour when the label\u2019s claim focuses on nutritional advantages. Limitations and practical implications are discussed
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