Potential of Organic Rankine Cycles (ORC) for waste heat recovery on an Electric Arc Furnace (EAF)

The organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is a mature technology to convert low temperature waste heat to electricity. While several energy intensive industries could benefit from the integration of an ORC, their adoption rate is rather low. One important reason is that the prospective end-users find it difficult to recognize and realise the possible energy savings. In more recent years, the electric arc furnaces (EAF) are considered as a major candidate for waste heat recovery. Therefore, in this work, the integration of an ORC coupled to a 100 MWe EAF is investigated. The effect of working with averaged heat profiles, a steam buffer and optimized ORC architectures is investigated. The results show that it is crucial to take into account the heat profile variations for the typical batch process of an EAF. An optimized subcritical ORC (SCORC) can generate an electricity output of 752 kWe with a steam buffer working at 25 bar. However, the use of a steam buffer also impacts the heat transfer to the ORC. A reduction up to 61.5% in net power output is possible due to the additional isothermal plateau of the steam

Stand structural characteristics are the most practical biodiversity indicators for forest management planning in Europe

ReviewIncluding biodiversity assessments in forest management planning is becoming increasingly important due to the importance of biodiversity for forest ecosystem resilience provision and sustainable functioning. Here we investigated the potential to include biodiversity indicators into forest management planning in Europe. In particular, we aimed to (i) identify biodiversity indicators and data collection methods for biodiversity assessments at the stand and landscape levels, and (ii) evaluate the practicality of those indicators for forest management planning. We performed a literature review in which we screened 188 research studies published between 1990 and 2020. We selected 94 studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria and examined in more detail. We considered three aspects of biodiversity: structure, composition, and function, and four forest management categories: unmanaged, managed, plantation, and silvopastoral. We used three criteria to evaluate the practicality of forest biodiversity indicators: cost-e ectiveness, ease of application, and time-e ectiveness. We identified di erences in the practicality of biodiversity indicators for their incorporation into management plans. Stand-level indicators are more practical than landscape-level indicators. Moreover, structural biodiversity indicators (e.g., large trees, canopy openness, and old forest stands) are more useful in management plans than compositional indicators, as these are easily observable by non-professionals and can be obtained by forest inventories. Compositional indicators such are vascular plants, fungi, bryophyte, lichens, and invertebrate species are hard to identify by non-professionals and thus are impractical. Functional indicators (e.g., nutrient cycling) are not su ciently addressed in the literature. Using recently updated existing databases (e.g., national forest inventories and bird atlases) is very time and cost-e cient. Remote sensing and other technology (e.g., smartphone applications) are promising for e cient data collection in the future. However, more research is needed to make these tools more accurate and applicable to a variety of ecological conditions and scales. Until then, forest stand structural variables derived from inventories can help improve management plans to prepare European forests towards an uncertain futureinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Reports of Venetian emissaries in Costantinople between 15th and 18th century (historical, cultural and literary aspects) Отчеты венецианских делегатов в Стамбул с 15. по 18. век (исторические, культурологические и литературные виды)

Tema diplomatskih odnosa između Mletačke republike i Osmanskog carstva oduvek je privlačila mnoge savremene istoričare, posebno krajem 19. i početkom 20. veka. Evropljani su doživljavali Osmanlije kao narod koji se razlikovao po kulturi, tradiciji i načinu života, a takođe, prema većini orijentalista, smatrali su da su osmanske političke, društvene i kulturne norme bile u potpunosti različite od evropskih. Međutim, uprkos razlikama, moramo govoriti i o sličnostima između ove dve tradicije. Nakon pada Carigrada, 1453. godine, kada ga je sultan Mehmed Osvajač osvojio, ovaj grad postaje spona između Evrope i Azije, te u 15. veku diplomatske i trgovinske veze između Mletačke republike i Osmanskog carstva postaju sve učestalije, zbog čega su Mlečani slali svoje predstavnike u prestonicu Osmanskog carstva. Uloga mletačkog izaslanika, koji se nazivao bailo, postaje sve značajnija u 16. i 17. veku, a i kasnije u 18. veku kada 1797. godine dolazi do pada Mletačke republike. Iz izveštaja mletačkih izaslanika u Carigradu saznajemo o uzajamnim diplomatskim, kulturnim i književnim vezama između Mlečana i Osmanlija. Izveštaji mletačkih izaslanika pisani u formi zvaničnih pisama (it. dispacci e relazioni), nezvaničnih pisama (it. lettere familiari) i putopisa (it. diari e relazioni dei viaggi) predstavljaju veoma plodnu građu ne samo kada je reč o proučavanju političkih i ekonomskih prilika već su isto tako značajni izvori u proučavanju književno-istorijskih i kulturnoistorijskih veza. Iz tog razloga oni nisu samo istorijski izvori već i književno-istorijski. Bilo da je reč o epistolama ili o putopisima, odlike pomenutih izveštaja su se menjale kroz epohe počev od poznog srednjeg veka preko humanizma i renesanse do baroka i prosvetiteljstva.The topic of diplomatic relations between the Venetian Republic and the Ottoman Empire has always attracted many contemporary historians, especially in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The Europeans perceived the Ottomans as a people that differed in culture, tradition and way of life, and also, according to most Orientalists, considered that Ottoman political, social and cultural norms were completely different from European ones. However, despite the differences, we must also talk about the similarities between the two traditions. After the fall of Costantinople, in 1453, when Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror conquered it, this city became a link between Europe and Asia, and in the 15th century diplomatic and trade ties between the Venetian Republic and the Ottoman Empire became more frequent, which is why the Venetians sent their representatives to the capital of the Ottoman Empire. The role of the Venetian envoy, called bailo, became increasingly important in the 16th and 17th centuries, and later in the 18th century when the fall of the Venetian Republic came in 1797. From the reports of the Venetian emissaries in Costantinople, we learn about the mutual diplomatic, cultural and literary links between the Venetians and the Ottomans. The reports of Venetian envoys written in the form of official letters (dispacci e relazioni), unofficial letters (lettere familiari) and travelogues (diari e relazioni dei viaggi) are very fruitful material not only when it comes to studying political and economic opportunities but are also significant sources in the study of literary-historical and cultural-historical connections. From that reason, they are not only historical sources but also literary-historical ones. Whether epistols or travelogues, the characteristics of these reports have varied through epochs from the late Middle Ages through Humanism and the Renaissance to the Baroque and the Enlightenment

Formulation, physico-chemical characterization and biological testing of biocompatible microemulsions for dermal and transdermal delivery of aceclofenac

Nesteroidni antiinflamatorni lekovi (NSAIL) su heterogena grupa lekovitih supstanci sa antiinflamatornim, antipiretičkim i analgetskim delovanjem. Iako postoji više od 50 različitih NSAIL na svetskom tržištu, stalno istraživanje i razvoj novih lekovitih supstanci ove terapijske grupe je posledica njihovog nepovoljnog farmakokinetičkog profila (npr. kratko poluvreme eliminacije) i/ili ispoljavanja neželjenih efekata (npr. na nivou gastrointestinalnog trakta). Aceklofenak je indikovan za oralnu primenu u terapiji reumatoidnih bolesti, kao i u terapiji drugih upalnih i bolnih stanja. I pored prednosti u odnosu na ostale lekovite supstance iz ove grupe, hronična oralna primena aceklofenaka može dovesti do pojave neželjenih efekata koji su karakteristični i za ostale NSAIL, te se nameće potreba za prevazilaženjem ovih problema primenom farmaceutsko-tehnoloških pristupa i/ili drugim putem primene. Jedan od načina za smanjenje neželjenih efekata i zaobilaženje metabolizma prvog prolaza je lokalna primena aceklofenaka u terapiji reumatoidnih bolesti. Da bi koncentracija lokalno primenjenog aceklofenaka bila dovoljna za ispoljavanje kliničkog efekta, neophodno je prevazići stratum corneum, primarnu barijeru za difuziju lekovitih supstanci u kožu. Koloidni nosači tipa mikroemulzija su perspektivni nosači lekovitih supstanci, čijom se primenom može poboljšati dermalna/transdermalna isporuka, a time i lokalna i/ili sistemska raspoloživost. Sa druge strane, neophodno je posvetiti posebnu pažnju izboru ekscipijenasa, kako sa aspekta bezbednosti/iritacije, tako i sa aspekta njihovog potencijalnog uticaja na dermalnu/transdermalnu isporuku lekovite supstance. Saharozni estri su nejonski surfaktanti, a njihove osobine poput biokompatibilnosti, biodegradabilnosti, niskog rizika da dovedu do iritacije, i potencijala da deluju kao pojačivači penetracije, predstavljaju značajne prednosti ovih surfaktanata u odnosu na tradicionalno korišćene, sintetske, etoksilovane surfaktante. Imajući to u vidu, osnovni cilj istraživanja ove doktorske disertacije predstavlja proučavanje molekularnih mehanizama kojima saharozni estri, sa različitom dužinom lipofilnog lanca, povećavaju penetraciju lekovitih supstanci...Despite the diversity of the chemical structures, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) share the same activity, such as analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory. Interestingly, there are more than 50 different NSAIDs on the global market – the continuous research and development of new active substances from this therapeutic group is related to their unfavourable pharmacokinetic properties (e.g. short half-life) or is associated with a broad spectrum of adverse reactions (e.g. gastrointestinal side effects). Aceclofenac is indicated in the therapy of rheumatoid diseases, as well as in the symptomatic therapy of pain and inflammation. Although effective and relatively safe, chronic oral aceclofenac administration may cause systemic side effects typical of other NSAIDs, which warrants the search for a new route of its administration and/or implementation of pharmaceutical-technological approaches in the therapy of musculoskeletal disorders, in order to decrease the incidence of adverse reactions, as well as to avoid the first-pass metabolism. The crucial step during any topical NSAID therapy is the ability of drug to overcome the outermost layer of the skin – stratum corneum, as a critical barrier for penetration of an active through the skin in sufficiently high amount to exert its clinical effect. Microemulsions are colloidal systems that are currently of pharmaceutical interest as promising vehicles which can improve dermal/transdermal drug delivery, and thus, its local/systemic bioavailability. However, the choice of excipient is one of the key factors in preformulation studies, due to their potential influence on skin tolerability, as well as their ability to act as penetration enhancers. Described as very mild and nonirritant with regard to dermatological properties, sucrose esters are of growing research interest, with promising features of low skin sensitization potential and enhancing skin penetration effect, as well as with a high environmental compatibility, all of which may be distinct advantages when compared to traditionally used synthetic ethoxylated surfactants..

Factors affecting labelling yield of 111In-DTPA-BSA

Radiolabelling of antibodies depends on a number of factors including the chemical characteristics of the nuclide and the techniques employed for its incorporation into protein. For preliminary research we used model system and investigate the influence of different factors affecting labelling. Obtained results were successfully used for further radiolabelling of antibodies with different trivalent metals.Physical chemistry 2006 : 8th international conference on fundamental and applied aspects of physical chemistry; Belgrade (Serbia); 26-29 September 200

The influence of induced mutagenesis on reproductive behavior of Drosophila subobscura and the role of sexual selection in relationto the level of mutational load

Prema teorijskim očekivanjima seksualna selekcija može smanjivati mutaciona opterećenja u populacijama. Mužjaci koji su boljeg genetičkog kvaliteta bi trebalo da budu uspešniji u parenju u poređenju sa mužjacima lošijeg genetičkog kvaliteta. Na taj način ženke, prilikom izbora partnera za parenje, mogu da eliminišu one mužjake koji nose štetne alele, i da smanje mogućnost prenošenja štetnih alela u sledeću generaciju. Seksualna selekcija će redukovati mutaciona opterećenja i povećavati adaptivnu vrednost populacije, ako je većina mutacija štetna i za adaptivnu vrednost i za osobine koje utiču na uspešnost mužjaka u parenju. Istraživanja poslednjih godina su dala rezultate koji idu u prilog ovoj teoriji, ali i oprečne rezultate. Ovakva kontradiktornost proizilazi iz kompleksnosti problematike usled različitih reproduktivnih strategija vrsta, kao i različitih reproduktivnih strategija mužjaka i ženki. Takođe, osobine koje utiču na komponente adaptivne vrednosti, kao i na uspešnost u parenju, su veoma složene, pod determinacijom velikog broja gena, i u čijoj osnovi leže kompleksne genske interakcije. Iako se kao osobine koje su cilj seksualne selekcije najčešće analiziraju sekundarne polne karakteristike, i mnoge druge osobine određuju atraktivnost mužjaka. To su i morfološke, fiziološke, ponašajne i druge osobine koje utiču na uspešnost u parenju, a mogu se nazvati osobinama koje su zavisne od opšteg stanja mužjaka (eng. condition-dependent traits)...According to theoretical predictions sexual selection can reduce mutational load in populations. Males of good genetic quality should be more successful in matings, compared to the males of low genetic quality. In this way females, through the choice of mating partners, can eliminate males carriers of deleterious alleles, and reduce transmission of deleterious alleles to the next generation. Sexual selection will purge mutational load and increase fitness if most mutations were deleterious to both nonsexual fitness and condition-dependent traits affecting mating success. Studies in recent years have yielded results that support this theory, but opposite results are obtained, as well. This contradiction arises from different reproductive strategies of species, and different reproductive strategies of males and females. Traits that affect fitness components, as well as mating success, are under polygenic determination, with very complex gene interactions. Although secondary sexual traits were usually analyzed as target of sexual selection, many other traits can determine male attractiveness. Traits such as morphological, physiological, behavior and other, affecting mating success, can be termed as condition-dependent traits. In order to test this hypothesis, that sexual selection can reduce mutational load, two experimental groups were formed from the same population genetic pool of Drosophila subobscura, which differed in the level of mutational load. Mutations were induced in one group, using 30Gy ionizing radiation. The effect of sexual selection in reduction of mutational load was measured through different components of male mating behavior (courtship occurrence, courtship latency, courtship intensity, mating occurrence,latency to mating and duration of mating)...

Some facts about the influence of milk package on the environment protection

Sakupljeni su, obrađeni i komentirani podaci o raznim istraživanjima sastava i sirovina za proizvodnju ambalaže i utjecaja na okolinu (tlo, vodu, zrak, energiju). Tome su dodati podaci o ukupnom otpadu, kućnom otpadu, s osvrtom na udio ambalaže odnosno pakovanja mlijeka, kako bi se lakše utvrdili prioriteti u smanjivanju otpada na odlagalištima i smanjilo opterećenje prirodnih, a pogotovo neobnovljenih izvora sirovina i energije. Na osnovi tih podataka može se zaključiti koja ambalaža najmanje opterećuje okolinu, bilo da je razgradiva, ili je sirovina obnovljiva, ili se uspješno reciklira, a sve uz što manji utrošak energije. Ambalaža koja ispunjava odgovarajuće kriterije može se nazvati ekološki prihvatljivom i mogla bi nositi posebnu oznaku, uz odgovarajuće smanjenje poreza. Pri tome ambalaža treba zadržati funkcionalna i tehničko-tehnološka svojstva, marketinšku ulogu i ekonomičnost.Data about different investigations relative to the composition and raw material for the production of packages and its influence on the environment (soil, water, air, energy) was collected, statistically analyzed and commented. The paper was completed with compiled data on total refuse, house garbage, with particular attention to the share of milk package, in order to determine priorities in reducing the refuse on the rubbish dumps and the exploitation of natural, in particular unrestorable, resources of raw material and energy. On the basis of this data it is possible to conclude which package is the most environment-friendly due to its breakdown properties or its reuse or recycling into the raw material with the least amount of energy. The package that meets all the criteria can be called ecologically acceptable and could be specially labeled and, as such subjected to lower taxes. However, the package has to keep its functional and technicotechnological properties, marketing role and economy