Meningoencefalite chagásica: relato de caso / Chagas' meningoencephalitis: case report

A doença de chagas é apresentada como uma das mais importantes infecções parasitárias do mundo, comum no continente americano com alto índice de infecção no Brasil. Pacientes que apresentam quadros de imunossupressão podem ter reativação da doença de chagas (meningoencefalite), na maioria dos casos em estados ativos da Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida (AIDS). A manifestação neurológica apresenta-se por lesões multifocais progressivas, comuns em pacientes em tratamento com imunossupressores e pode também ser facilmente relacionada com LEMP (Leucoencefalipatia multifocal progressiva), que é decorrente da infecção pelo poliomavírus (JCV). Temos relato de um paciente portador de B24 com imunossupressão grave apresentando sintomas de infecção fúngica e lesões oroesofaringe

PREVALÊNCIA DE SOBREPESO E OBESIDADE EM CRIANÇAS DE 3ª E 4ª SÉRIE DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL

Atualmente, a obesidade talvez seja um dos maiores problemas que assombram o mundo, maior até mesmo que a desnutrição. A Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) afirma que a vida sedentária é o inimigo numero um da saúde populacional. O objetivo do estudo foi comparar crianças de 3ª e 4ª série da escola pública e da escola privada, identificando os fatores que influenciam a obesidade e a freqüência de prática desportiva. Foram aplicados questionários; e avaliadas medidas da massa corporal, da estatura, das dobras cutâneas e verificação do IMC, em 342 crianças de ambos os sexos, de 9 a 10 anos de idade. Testes foram baseados na cartilha do governo federal PROESP-BR (2004) - PROJETO ESPORTE BRASIL. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que meninos da 3ª e 4ª série da escola particular apresentaram valores superiores em relação aos da escola pública na estatura. Quanto ao peso corporal, meninos da 4ª série da escola particular apresentaram valores superiores aos da escola pública; no IMC apenas a 4ª série masculina da escola particular apresentou valor superior ao normal; no percentual de gordura não houve valores significativos. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, concluímos que as crianças de 3ª e 4ª série da escola pública e da escola particular possuíram valores significativos em relação prevalência de sobrepeso nos casos dos subgrupos 3ª Pub. Fem.; 3ª Part. Fem.; 4ª Part. Fem. Apenas o subgrupo 4ª Part. Masc. apresentou valores que caracterizam obesidade

Perfil de Casos Notificados de Sífilis Congênita no Estado de Goiás entre 2015 a 2018 / Profile of Notified Cases of Congenital Syphilis in the State of Goiás among 2015 to 2018

A sífilis congênita (SC) é doença infectocontagiosa causada pela bactéria Treponema pallidum, e ocorre pela disseminação hematogênica da bactéria de uma gestante infectada para o feto, por via transplacentária. A transmissão vertical chega a variar de 70 a 100% em gestantes não tratadas.  O objetivo foi analisar registros de casos notificados de sífilis congênita no estado de Goiás no ano de 2015 a 2018. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com análise de dados secundários de informações coletadas no DATASUS. Variáveis como número de casos, escolaridade, raça e custos e número de internações foram investigados de forma descritiva. Foram notificados 1782 casos de sífilis congênita no estado de Goiás de 2015 a 2018. Goiânia foi o município com maior notificação de casos, seguida de Aparecida de Goiânia e Anápolis. 96,6% dos pacientes foram diagnosticados nos 6 primeiros dias de vida. A informação de escolaridade das mães esteve disponível em apenas 327 casos, destas a maioria possuía somente 5 a 8ª serie incompleta do ensino fundamental. O custo médio das internações por sífilis congênita foi de 474,29 reais. Os resultados obtidos expõem deficiências nas medidas de controle e reforçam a importância da captação precoce de gestantes para a assistência pré-natal, a oferta nas unidades de saúde de teste rápido para diagnóstico da doença, disponibilidade de preservativos e da penicilina benzatina para tratamento da SC

Alcohol Deprivation Differentially Changes Alcohol Intake in Female and Male Rats Depending on Early-Life Stressful Experience

Experiencing early-life adverse events has enduring effects on individual vulnerability to alcohol abuse and the development of addiction-related behaviors. In rodents, it can be studied using maternal separation (MS) stress. Studies have shown that, depending on the protocol used, MS can affect the mother and pups’ behavior and are associated with behavioral alterations later in adulthood, associated with both positive or negative outcomes. However, it is not fully elucidated how MS affects relapse-like behaviors when experienced by female or male individuals. Therefore, the aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of brief and prolonged MS on the alcohol deprivation effect (ADE) in female and male rats. Female and male Wistar rats were exposed to brief (15 min/day) or prolonged (180 min/day) MS from postnatal day (PND) 2 to 10. Later, during adulthood (PND 70), animals were submitted to an ADE protocol. Brief MS exposure prevented the ADE in both females and males, while prolonged MS exposure also prevented the ADE in female rats. Moreover, the ADE was more robust in females when compared to males. In conclusion, we showed that male and female rats are differentially affected by alcohol deprivation periods depending on their early-life experiences

Alcohol Deprivation Differentially Changes Alcohol Intake in Female and Male Rats Depending on Early-Life Stressful Experience

Experiencing early-life adverse events has enduring effects on individual vulnerability to alcohol abuse and the development of addiction-related behaviors. In rodents, it can be studied using maternal separation (MS) stress. Studies have shown that, depending on the protocol used, MS can affect the mother and pups’ behavior and are associated with behavioral alterations later in adulthood, associated with both positive or negative outcomes. However, it is not fully elucidated how MS affects relapse-like behaviors when experienced by female or male individuals. Therefore, the aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of brief and prolonged MS on the alcohol deprivation effect (ADE) in female and male rats. Female and male Wistar rats were exposed to brief (15 min/day) or prolonged (180 min/day) MS from postnatal day (PND) 2 to 10. Later, during adulthood (PND 70), animals were submitted to an ADE protocol. Brief MS exposure prevented the ADE in both females and males, while prolonged MS exposure also prevented the ADE in female rats. Moreover, the ADE was more robust in females when compared to males. In conclusion, we showed that male and female rats are differentially affected by alcohol deprivation periods depending on their early-life experiences

Morphological variations of the labial frenum, type of attachment and presence of diastemas: integrative review

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of the present literature review was to compile data on the frequency of morphological and attachment types of the upper and lower labial frenum in different populations and investigate the association between the attachment level of the upper labial frenum and the occurrence of diastemas. Methods: Searches were conducted between May and June 2021 in the Medline (via Ovid), Google Scholar and CAPES databases. Thirty-eight studies that evaluated frenum morphology, frenum morphology and attachment or frenum morphology, attachment and the occurrence of diastemas were selected for the extraction of data. Results: Based on the data compiled in this review, the most common morphological and attachment types were labial frenum normale and mucosal attachment. The papillary and papilla penetrating types of attachment were more associated with the occurrence of diastemas. Conclusion: Longitudinal studies are needed to investigate this correlation in children and adults

Epigenetic priming by EHMT1/EHMT2 in acute lymphoblastic leukemia induces TP53 and TP73 overexpression and promotes cell death

Euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 1 (EHMT1) and EHMT2 are upregulated in various human cancers, and their deregulation is associated with tumor development and progression. In this paper, we investigated the expression level of EHMT1/EHMT2 in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and whether the modulation of these enzymes could have any cellular or molecular impact on ALL cells. For this, we used UNC0646 as a priming strategy to target EHMT1/EHMT2 and investigated its effect on proliferation and cell viability of Jurkat cells by MTT assay. Then, considering the IC50 and IC75, cellular death was determined by Annexin V/PI staining using flow cytometry. Finally, we investigated by RT-PCR the molecular bases that could be involved in the observed effects. Interestingly, accessing the International Microarray Innovations in Leukemia (MILE) study group, we detected that both EHMT1 and EHMT2 are overexpressed in ALL. More important, we determined that inhibition of EHMT1/EHMT2 significantly decreased Jurkat cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Accordingly, we observed that inhibition of EHMT1/EHMT2 promoted Jurkat cell death, which was accompanied by increased expression of P53, TP73, BAX, and MDM4. These results clearly indicate that inhibition of EHMT1/EHMT2 induces pro-apoptotic gene expression in ALL and promotes cell death. More importantly, the modulation of these histone methyltransferases may be a promising epigenetic target for ALL treatment

Optimal plot size for experimentation of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in the northern region of Minas Gerais, Brazil: Experimental plots

The objective was to evaluate the minimum size of experimental plots for the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) using the modified maximum curvature method. The experiment consisted of a uniformity trial with the cultivar BRSFC-402 sown at a spacing of 0.5 m between plant rows and 10 plants per meter within the row. 20 central rows measuring 20 m in length were considered for measurements, totaling 4,000 plants on an area of 200 m2. Final bean stand (FS), mean number of pods per plant (NPP), mean number of grain per pod (NGP), mean 100-grain weight (M100), and grain yield (kg ha-1) were evaluated. At evaluations, each row with 10 plants was considered a basic unit (0.5 m2), amounting to 400 basic units whose dimensions were combined into 14 plot shapes.  The methods of relative information and modified maximum curvature were used to obtain the best shape and the most appropriate plot size, respectively, for experimental evaluation with common bean. Using these methods, and considering that the optimum plot should enable an efficient evaluation of all evaluated characteristics, the appropriate plot size was five UB (25 plants) in the format with five rows x one UB per row. Highlights Support for experimental evaluation of common beans under edaphoclimatic conditions in the northern region of Minas Gerais Experimental plots with five basic units ensure maximum precision for joint evaluation of the main phenotypic descriptors of common beans. The characteristics mass of 100 grains and productivity were associated with the smallest and the largest plot sizes, respectively.The objective was to evaluate the minimum size of experimental plots for the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) using the modified maximum curvature method. The experiment consisted of a uniformity trial with the cultivar BRSFC-402 sown at a spacing of 0.5 m between plant rows and 10 plants per meter within the row. 20 central rows measuring 20 m in length were considered for measurements, totaling 4,000 plants on an area of 200 m2. Final bean stand (FS), mean number of pods per plant (NPP), mean number of grain per pod (NGP), mean 100-grain weight (M100), and grain yield (kg ha-1) were evaluated. At evaluations, each row with 10 plants was considered a basic unit (0.5 m2), amounting to 400 basic units whose dimensions were combined into 14 plot shapes.  The methods of relative information and modified maximum curvature were used to obtain the best shape and the most appropriate plot size, respectively, for experimental evaluation with common bean. Using these methods, and considering that the optimum plot should enable an efficient evaluation of all evaluated characteristics, the appropriate plot size was five UB (25 plants) in the format with five rows x one UB per row. Highlights Support for experimental evaluation of common beans under edaphoclimatic conditions in the northern region of Minas Gerais Experimental plots with five basic units ensure maximum precision for joint evaluation of the main phenotypic descriptors of common beans. The characteristics mass of 100 grains and productivity were associated with the smallest and the largest plot sizes, respectively