26 research outputs found

    The chemotherapeutic agent bortezomib induces the formation of stress granules

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    BACKGROUND: Cytoplasmic stress granules (SGs) are specialized storage sites of untranslated mRNAs whose formation occurs under different stress conditions and is often associated with cell survival. SGs-inducing stresses include radiations, hypoxia, viral infections, and chemical inhibitors of specific translation initiation factors. The FDA-approved drug bortezomib (Velcade(Ÿ)) is a peptide boronate inhibitor of the 26S proteasome that is very efficient for the treatment of myelomas and other hematological tumors. Solid tumors are largely refractory to bortezomib. In the present study, we investigated the formation of SGs following bortezomib treatment. RESULTS: We show that bortezomib efficiently induces the formation of SGs in cancer cells. This process involves the phosphorylation of translation initiation factor eIF2α by heme-regulated inhibitor kinase (HRI). Depletion of HRI prevents bortezomib-induced formation of SGs and promotes apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study describing the formation of SGs by a chemotherapeutic compound. We speculate that the activation of HRI and the formation of SGs might constitute a mechanism by which cancer cells resist bortezomib-mediated apoptosis

    Valeur des collégiens et réussite scolaire filles et garçons au collÚge : des univers parallÚles ? : étude sur la problématique des genres et la réussite scolaire en milieu collégial /

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    "Recherche subventionnĂ©e par le ministĂšre de l'Éducation, du Loisir et du Sport dans le cadre du Programme d'aide Ă  la recherche sur l'enseignement et l'apprentissage (PAREA)"Titre de l'Ă©cran-titre (visionnĂ© le 20 sept. 2010)Également disponible en version papier.Bibliogr

    p21WAF1/CIP1 Upregulation through the Stress Granule-Associated Protein CUGBP1 Confers Resistance to Bortezomib-Mediated Apoptosis

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    p21(WAF1/CIP1) is a well known cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor induced by various stress stimuli. Depending on the stress applied, p21 upregulation can either promote apoptosis or prevent against apoptotic injury. The stress-mediated induction of p21 involves not only its transcriptional activation but also its posttranscriptional regulation, mainly through stabilization of p21 mRNA levels. We have previously reported that the proteasome inhibitor MG132 induces the stabilization of p21 mRNA, which correlates with the formation of cytoplasmic RNA stress granules. The mechanism underlying p21 mRNA stabilization, however, remains unknown.We identified the stress granules component CUGBP1 as a factor required for p21 mRNA stabilization following treatment with bortezomib ( =  PS-341/Velcade). This peptide boronate inhibitor of the 26S proteasome is very efficient for the treatment of myelomas and other hematological tumors. However, solid tumors are sometimes refractory to bortezomib treatment. We found that depleting CUGBP1 in cancer cells prevents bortezomib-mediated p21 upregulation. FISH experiments combined to mRNA stability assays show that this effect is largely due to a mistargeting of p21 mRNA in stress granules leading to its degradation. Altering the expression of p21 itself, either by depleting CUGBP1 or p21, promotes bortezomib-mediated apoptosis.We propose that one key mechanism by which apoptosis is inhibited upon treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs might involve upregulation of the p21 protein through CUGBP1

    Le temps et la mémoire chez la personne "cérébro-lésée"

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    Time and memory are at the root for our humanity. People suffering from neurological illnesses greatly question the links men have with their temporality and their memory. In this essay, I have tried to bring out what is specific to time that has been experienced and to the effects of memory illnesses in the neurological clinic. I have studied two temporal modalities, the ‘demented” patient ‘s dislocated time, the patient who has suffered a stroke’s ripped time, as the time-proven person. I have also tried to consider questions of time, duration and change. What becomes the identity of those people who have suffered in their being? I have mentioned what testifies the continuity of the psychic life, beyond seemingness and “rational” potentialities by clarifying what prompts the dialectic relationship between time and memory. Being with those patients requires a presence, a gift of timeLe temps et la mĂ©moire chez la personne « cĂ©rĂ©bro-lĂ©sĂ©e » Le temps et la mĂ©moire participent au fondement de notre humanitĂ©. Les personnes atteintes de pathologies neurologiques interrogent de façon particuliĂšre les liens que les hommes tissent avec leur temporalitĂ© et leur mĂ©moire. Au cours de ce travail, nous avons tentĂ© de dĂ©gager ce qui Ă©tait spĂ©cifique du temps vĂ©cu et de l’atteinte mĂ©morielle dans la clinique neurologique. Temps disloquĂ© des patients « dĂ©ments », temps dĂ©chirĂ© des patients atteints d’un accident vasculaire, ces deux modalitĂ©s temporelles seront Ă©tudiĂ©es sous l’angle de l’éprouvĂ© temporel. Nous avons Ă©galement tentĂ© de rĂ©flĂ©chir autour des questions de la durĂ©e et du changement. Que devient l’identitĂ© de ces personnes touchĂ©es au coeur de leur ĂȘtre ? En prĂ©cisant ce qui anime le rapport dialectique qui s’articule entre le temps et la mĂ©moire, et qui est l’oeuvre de l’esprit, nous Ă©voquons ce qui atteste de la continuitĂ© de la vie psychique, au-delĂ  de l’apparaĂźtre et des potentialitĂ©s « rationnelles ». L’accompagnement de ces patients requiert une prĂ©sence, un don du temp

    La réaction de Friedel Crafts avec le trichlorure d'alumnium inséré dans le graphite

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    Ce travail constitue une étude des propriétés du composé d'insertion graphite-trichlorure d'aluminium comme catalyseur pour la réaction d alkylation de Friedel Crafts. Nous avons effectué plusieurs réactions avec ce réactif ainsi qu'avec le catalyseur classique soit le trichlorure d'aluminium. Cette étude nous a permis d'affirmer que le composé d'insertion graphite-trichlorure d'aluminium est moins réactif que le catalyseur classique mais qu'il permet un meilleur contrÎle de l'orientation de la réaction. Avec le catalyseur inséré il est possible d'éviter la poly-substitution caractéristique du trichlorure d'aluminium libre

    Time and memory for brain-damaged people

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    Le temps et la mĂ©moire chez la personne « cĂ©rĂ©bro-lĂ©sĂ©e » Le temps et la mĂ©moire participent au fondement de notre humanitĂ©. Les personnes atteintes de pathologies neurologiques interrogent de façon particuliĂšre les liens que les hommes tissent avec leur temporalitĂ© et leur mĂ©moire. Au cours de ce travail, nous avons tentĂ© de dĂ©gager ce qui Ă©tait spĂ©cifique du temps vĂ©cu et de l’atteinte mĂ©morielle dans la clinique neurologique. Temps disloquĂ© des patients « dĂ©ments », temps dĂ©chirĂ© des patients atteints d’un accident vasculaire, ces deux modalitĂ©s temporelles seront Ă©tudiĂ©es sous l’angle de l’éprouvĂ© temporel. Nous avons Ă©galement tentĂ© de rĂ©flĂ©chir autour des questions de la durĂ©e et du changement. Que devient l’identitĂ© de ces personnes touchĂ©es au coeur de leur ĂȘtre ? En prĂ©cisant ce qui anime le rapport dialectique qui s’articule entre le temps et la mĂ©moire, et qui est l’oeuvre de l’esprit, nous Ă©voquons ce qui atteste de la continuitĂ© de la vie psychique, au-delĂ  de l’apparaĂźtre et des potentialitĂ©s « rationnelles ». L’accompagnement de ces patients requiert une prĂ©sence, un don du tempsTime and memory are at the root for our humanity. People suffering from neurological illnesses greatly question the links men have with their temporality and their memory. In this essay, I have tried to bring out what is specific to time that has been experienced and to the effects of memory illnesses in the neurological clinic. I have studied two temporal modalities, the ‘demented” patient ‘s dislocated time, the patient who has suffered a stroke’s ripped time, as the time-proven person. I have also tried to consider questions of time, duration and change. What becomes the identity of those people who have suffered in their being? I have mentioned what testifies the continuity of the psychic life, beyond seemingness and “rational” potentialities by clarifying what prompts the dialectic relationship between time and memory. Being with those patients requires a presence, a gift of tim

    La réaction de Friedel Crafts avec le trichlorure d'alumnium inséré dans le graphite

    No full text
    Ce travail constitue une étude des propriétés du composé d'insertion graphite-trichlorure d'aluminium comme catalyseur pour la réaction d alkylation de Friedel Crafts. Nous avons effectué plusieurs réactions avec ce réactif ainsi qu'avec le catalyseur classique soit le trichlorure d'aluminium. Cette étude nous a permis d'affirmer que le composé d'insertion graphite-trichlorure d'aluminium est moins réactif que le catalyseur classique mais qu'il permet un meilleur contrÎle de l'orientation de la réaction. Avec le catalyseur inséré il est possible d'éviter la poly-substitution caractéristique du trichlorure d'aluminium libre

    Classification des sujets abordĂ©s dans dix manuels de rĂ©daction web: vers un outil de rĂ©fĂ©rence pour l’enseignement universitaire

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    This article presents a classification of specific topics in ten Web writing manuals. The result of the classification is a practical list of general topics which can be the base to the teaching of the theme at the university. This part of the analysis reveals that the editorial expertise is present in the manuals. Thus, can writing on the web be considered as a kind of professional writing? In addition, the qualitative analysis shows that seven specific topics are common to the corpus manuals, for example hypertext and content relevance, suggesting that core knowledge is being established in this domain. In conclusion, this study of ten textbooks confirms that Web writing is complex and multidisciplinary

    The chemotherapeutic agent bortezomib induces the formation of stress granules

    No full text
    Abstract Background Cytoplasmic stress granules (SGs) are specialized storage sites of untranslated mRNAs whose formation occurs under different stress conditions and is often associated with cell survival. SGs-inducing stresses include radiations, hypoxia, viral infections, and chemical inhibitors of specific translation initiation factors. The FDA-approved drug bortezomib (VelcadeŸ) is a peptide boronate inhibitor of the 26S proteasome that is very efficient for the treatment of myelomas and other hematological tumors. Solid tumors are largely refractory to bortezomib. In the present study, we investigated the formation of SGs following bortezomib treatment. Results We show that bortezomib efficiently induces the formation of SGs in cancer cells. This process involves the phosphorylation of translation initiation factor eIF2α by heme-regulated inhibitor kinase (HRI). Depletion of HRI prevents bortezomib-induced formation of SGs and promotes apoptosis. Conclusions This is the first study describing the formation of SGs by a chemotherapeutic compound. We speculate that the activation of HRI and the formation of SGs might constitute a mechanism by which cancer cells resist bortezomib-mediated apoptosis.</p

    Y a-t-il un pharmacien dans la salle d’hĂ©modynamie? ExpĂ©rience de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de QuĂ©bec

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    RĂ©sumĂ© Objectifs : Cet article vise Ă  dĂ©crire l’implantation du pharmacien dans le secteur d’hĂ©modynamie Ă  l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de QuĂ©bec (HĂŽpital Laval) ainsi qu’à dĂ©crire les diffĂ©rentes activitĂ©s cliniques qu’il rĂ©alise. Mise en contexte : De nombreuses Ă©tudes dĂ©montrent les avantages de la prĂ©sence d’un pharmacien Ă  l’urgence, en oncologie, dans les cliniques d’insuffisance cardiaque, d’hypertension et de dyslipidĂ©mie. L’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de QuĂ©bec est l’un des rares centres hospitaliers en AmĂ©rique du Nord oĂč le pharmacien dĂ©tient une place active dans un dĂ©partement d’hĂ©modynamie. RĂ©sultats et discussion : Depuis 2002, le pharmacien exerce en hĂ©modynamie diffĂ©rentes tĂąches cliniques, telles l’analyse des dossiers des patients subissant une intervention coronarienne percutanĂ©e, la rĂ©alisation d’histoires mĂ©dicamenteuses, la prestation de conseils aux patients, la gestion des hypo- et hyperglycĂ©mies aprĂšs les procĂ©dures, la reprise de l’anticoagulation, l’ajustement des mĂ©dicaments en prĂ©sence d’insuffisance rĂ©nale et beaucoup plus encore. RĂ©cemment, une ordonnance collective permettant au pharmacien de prescrire la mĂ©dication usuelle du patient pour la durĂ©e de son hospitalisation et d’optimiser la thĂ©rapie mĂ©dicamenteuse des usagers a Ă©tĂ© approuvĂ©e par le Conseil des mĂ©decins, dentistes et pharmaciens (CMDP) de l’hĂŽpital. Conclusion : Le rĂŽle qu’occupe maintenant le pharmacien en hĂ©modynamie est un excellent exemple d’optimisation des connaissances et des aptitudes du pharmacien en milieu hospitalier Ă  appliquer des soins pharmaceutiques au sein d’une Ă©quipe multidisciplinaire. Les hĂ©modynamiciens affirment que les nombreuses activitĂ©s cliniques du pharmacien contribuent Ă  maximiser la pharmacothĂ©rapie des patients du secteur d’hĂ©modynamie. Abstract Objective: The purpose of this article is to describe the implantation of a pharmacist in the interventional hemodynamics sector of the Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de QuĂ©bec (HĂŽpital Laval) and to describe the different clinical activities undertaken. Context: Numerous studies have demonstrated the advantages of having of a pharmacist in the emergency department, in oncology, and in the heart failure, hypertension and dyslipidemia clinics. The Institute universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de QuĂ©bec is one of the rare hospitals in North America where a pharmacist has an active role in the department of interventional hemodynamics. Results and discussion: Since 2002, the pharmacist in interventional hemodynamics has had a variety of clinical tasks such as analyzing the charts of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, performing medication histories, counselling patients, managing post-procedure hypo- and hyperglycemia, restarting anticoagulation, adjusting drug dosing in renal impairment, and much more. Recently, a collective order allowing the pharmacist to prescribe a patient`s usual medication during their hospitalization has been approved by the hospital’s Council of Physicians, Dentists and Pharmacists. Conclusion: The current role of the pharmacist in interventional hemodynamics is an excellent example of the optimization of the knowledge and skills of a hospital pharmacist in the application of pharmaceutical care within a multidisciplinary team setting. Hemodynamics specialists confirm that the numerous clinical activities of the pharmacist contribute to maximize patient pharmacotherapy in the interventional hemodynamics sector. Key words: pharmacist; interventional hemodynamics; drug related problem; pharmaceutical care; clinical pharmacy
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