Histoire de l'Empire des Habsbourg. : Entretien avec Marie-Elizabeth Ducreux-Lakits (CNRS, Paris), réalisé par Peter Stockinger (INALCO, Paris).

Fonds audiovisuel du programme "ESCoM-AAR" (Equipe Sémiotique Cognitive et nouveaux Médias - Archives Audiovisuelles de la Recherche. Paris, France, 2000 - 2016).Marie-Elizabeth DUCREUX-LAKITS est chercheur au CNRS et membre du Centre de Recherches Historiques à l'EHESS.Ses principaux domaines de recherche concernent l'histoire de l'Europe centrale et de la monarchie des Habsbourg, la construction de l'Etat habsbourgeois et la reconversion des Tchèques au catholicisme au 17ème et 18ème siècles, l'histoire du livre et de l'écrit dans monarchie des Habsbourg et l'histoire de l'ex-Tchécoslovaquie

Membrane protective role of autophagic machinery during infection of epithelial cells by Candida albicans

International audienceCandida albicans (C. albicans) is an opportunistic pathogen causing infections ranging from superficial to life-threatening disseminated infections. In a susceptible host, C. albicans is able to translocate through the gut barrier, promoting its dissemination into deeper organs. C. albicans hyphae can invade human epithelial cells by two well-documented mechanisms: epithelial-driven endocytosis and C. albicans-driven active penetration. One mechanism by which host cells protect themselves against intracellular C. albicans is termed autophagy. The protective role of autophagy during C. albicans infection has been investigated in myeloid cells; however, far less is known regarding the role of this process during the infection of epithelial cells. In the present study, we investigated the role of autophagy-related proteins during the infection of epithelial cells, including intestinal epithelial cells and gut explants, by C. albicans. Using cell imaging, we show that key molecular players of the autophagy machinery (LC3-II, PI3P, ATG16L1, and WIPI2) were recruited at Candida invasion sites. We deepened these observations by electron microscopy analyses that reveal the presence of autophagosomes in the vicinity of invading hyphae. Importantly, these events occur during active penetration of C. albicans into host cells and are associated with plasma membrane damage. In this context, we show that the autophagy-related key proteins ATG5 and ATG16L1 contribute to plasma membrane repair mediated by lysosomal exocytosis and participate in protecting epithelial cells against C. albicans-induced cell death. Our findings provide a novel mechanism by which epithelial cells, forming the first line of defense against C. albicans in the gut, can react to limit C. albicans invasion