La patrimonialisation au Québec : ethnographie d’un milieu associatif dédié à la musique traditionnelle

Ce mémoire interroge la notion de patrimoine culturel immatériel, dont l’UNESCO a proposé une définition normative et qui désigne « [des] traditions ou [des] expressions vivantes héritées de nos ancêtres et transmises à nos descendants » (UNESCO, 2003c). Il propose une exploration des modalités contemporaines de la patrimonialisation musicale. Réalisé dans la foulée d’une démarche ethnographique multisite (Marcus, 1995), qui s’est amorcée en juillet 2015 dans le cadre du festival Mémoire et Racines (Saint-Charles-Borromée, Lanaudière), il considère l’articulation entre patrimoine et musique traditionnelle du Québec comme problématique. Alors que le Conseil québécois du patrimoine vivant (CQPV) accorde un statut patrimonial à la musique traditionnelle et en promeut la dimension de « richesse collective », le mémoire met l’accent sur ce qui informe sa constitution, son déploiement. Il cherche à en expliciter les enjeux sur la base d’un travail empirique et en vertu d’un point de vue pragmatique.Questioning the notion of intangible cultural heritage, for which UNESCO proposed a normative definition, and which refers to "living traditions or expressions inherited from our ancestors and transmitted to our descendants" (UNESCO, 2003c), this thesis proposes an exploration of the contemporary modalities of musical heritagization. Launched in July 2015 as part of a multi-sited ethnographic approach (Marcus, 1995) and in the context of the Mémoire et Racines festival (Saint- Charles-Borromée, Lanaudière), it situates the articulation of Québec traditional music and heritage as a problem not to be taken for granted. While the Conseil québécois du patrimoine vivant (CQPV) grants heritage status to traditional music and promotes the "collective wealth" dimension, the paper seeks to clarify the issues on the basis of empirical work and through a pragmatic point of view

L’utilisation d’outils standardisés en intervention sociale : les points de vue des intervenants, des gestionnaires et des familles sur le Protocole d’évaluation familiale en protection de la jeunesse

Malgré la promotion et la valorisation des données probantes dans les domaines de la santé et des services sociaux, l’utilisation d’outils d’évaluation systématique en intervention sociale demeure un sujet de recherche peu exploré au Québec. Le présent article s’intéresse aux enjeux entourant l’implantation et l’utilisation d’un outil d’évaluation systématique en contexte d’intervention en protection de la jeunesse, le Protocole d’évaluation familiale (PEF). À partir des points de vue de 37 acteurs directement concernés par l’utilisation de ce protocole (intervenants, gestionnaires et familles), cette étude se penche plus spécifiquement sur les enjeux qui interviennent dans le processus d’implantation de l’outil et qui influencent son utilisation. Les résultats indiquent que le contexte organisationnel, les propriétés des questionnaires, les caractéristiques des acteurs, ainsi que les perceptions de ces derniers à l’égard de la pertinence clinique de l’outil sont les principaux facteurs soulevés par les participants pour expliquer les conditions d’implantation et le niveau d’utilisation du PEF.Despite the promotion and development of evidence based practices in the health and social services fields, the use of standardized assessment measurements in social intervention remains a subject that has been little studied in the province of Quebec. This article focuses on at the issues surrounding the implementation and use of a standardized assessment measurements in the context of child protection interventions, the Family assessment protocol (FAP). From the perspective of 37 stakeholders directly concerned by the use of this protocol (child welfare workers, managers and families), this study examines the challenges involved in the tool implementation process and which influence the use of it. The results indicate that the organizational context, the questionnaires properties, the characteristics of the stakeholders, as well as the perception of the measurement clinical relevance are the main factors raised by the participants to explain the implantation conditions and the level of FAP usage

L’exposition prénatale à l’alcool et aux drogues chez des bébés signalés en protection de l’enfance à la naissance : La pointe de l’iceberg ?

La consommation maternelle de substances psychoactives à potentiel tératogène durant la grossesse demeure mal documentée, malgré son impact négatif sur le développement de l’enfant à naître. Chez les familles évoluant au sein de conditions de vie adverses, le risque d’exposition prénatale à ces substances serait tel que l’urgence d’un dépistage hâtif s’impose en santé publique. Cette étude documente la prévalence et la nature de l’exposition prénatale à l’alcool et aux drogues chez une cohorte de bébés (N = 340) dont la situation a été signalée aux autorités à leur naissance. Près de la moitié de ces enfants (n = 176) furent exposés. Les liens entre la consommation maternelle, les motifs légaux d’intervention et le placement de l’enfant dans ses trois premières années de vie sont examinés. Les résultats sont discutés de façon à aider les travailleurs sociaux à mieux repérer ces situations et moduler les interventions conséquentes.Maternal teratogenic substances consumption during pregnancy remains poorly documented, despite its negative impact on the development of the unborn child. With vulnerable families, the risk of prenatal exposure would be such that early detection seems an urgent public health issue. This study documents such aspects with a cohort of babies (N = 340) reported to the authorities in child protection at birth. Nearly half of these children (n = 176) were exposed to alcohol or drugs during pregnancy. The links between maternal consumption, legal grounds for intervention and the placement of the child in his first three years of life are studied. Results are discussed in order to support social workers to better screen these situations and modulate their consequent interventions

Proteomic profiling of a mouse model for ovarian granulosa cell tumor identifies VCP as a highly sensitive serum tumor marker in several human cancers.

The initial aim of this study was to identify novel serum diagnostic markers for the human ovarian granulosa cell tumor (GCT), a tumor that represents up to 5% of all ovarian cancers. To circumvent the paucity of human tissues available for analyses, we used the Ctnnb1(tm1Mmt/+);Pten(tm1Hwu/tmiHwu);Amhr2(tm3(cre)Bhr/+) transgenic mouse model, which features the constitutive activation of CTNNB1 signaling combined with the loss of Pten in granulosa cells and develops GCTs that mimic aggressive forms of the human disease. Proteomic profiling by mass spectrometry showed that vinculin, enolase 1, several heat shock proteins, and valosin containing protein (VCP) were more abundantly secreted by cultured mouse GCT cells compared to primary cultured GC. Among these proteins, only VCP was present in significantly increased levels in the preoperative serum of GCT cancer patients compared to normal subjects. To determine the specificity of VCP, serum levels were also measured in ovarian carcinoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and breast, colon, pancreatic, lung, and prostate cancer patients. Increased serum VCP levels were observed in the majority of cancer cases, with the exception of patients with lung or prostate cancer. Moreover, serum VCP levels were increased in some GCT, ovarian carcinoma, breast cancer, and colon cancer patients who did not otherwise display increased levels of widely used serum tumor markers for their cancer type (e.g. inhibin A, inhibin B, CA125, CEA, or CA15.3). These results demonstrate the potential use of VCP as highly sensitive serum marker for GCT as well as several other human cancers

Influence of aerobic exercise training on the neural correlates of motor learning in Parkinson's disease individuals

Background: Aerobic exercise training (AET) has been shown to provide general health benefits, and to improve motor behaviours in particular, in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the influence of AET on their motor learning capacities, as well as the change in neural substrates mediating this effect remains to be explored. Objective: In the current study, we employed functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to assess the effect of a 3-month AET program on the neural correlates of implicit motor sequence learning (MSL). Methods: 20 healthy controls (HC) and 19 early PD individuals participated in a supervised, high-intensity, stationary recumbent bike training program (3 times/week for 12 weeks). Exercise prescription started at 20 min (+ 5 min/week up to 40 min) based on participant's maximal aerobic power. Before and after the AET program, participants' brain was scanned while performing an implicit version of the serial reaction time task. Results: Brain data revealed pre-post MSL-related increases in functional activity in the hippocampus, striatum and cerebellum in PD patients, as well as in the striatum in HC individuals. Importantly, the functional brain changes in PD individuals correlated with changes in aerobic fitness: a positive relationship was found with increased activity in the hippocampus and striatum, while a negative relationship was observed with the cerebellar activity. Conclusion: Our results reveal, for the first time, that exercise training produces functional changes in known motor learning related brain structures that are consistent with improved behavioural performance observed in PD patients. As such, AET can be a valuable non-pharmacological intervention to promote, not only physical fitness in early PD, but also better motor learning capacity useful in day-to-day activities through increased plasticity in motor related structures