The Complexity of Pattern Matching for 321321-Avoiding and Skew-Merged Permutations

The Permutation Pattern Matching problem, asking whether a pattern permutation $\pi$ is contained in a permutation $\tau$, is known to be NP-complete. In this paper we present two polynomial time algorithms for special cases. The first algorithm is applicable if both $\pi$ and $\tau$ are $321$-avoiding; the second is applicable if $\pi$ and $\tau$ are skew-merged. Both algorithms have a runtime of $O(kn)$, where $k$ is the length of $\pi$ and $n$ the length of $\tau$

Correlation and Dimerization Effects on the Physical Behavior of the NR4[Ni(dmit)2]2NR_4 [Ni(dmit)_2]_2 Charge Transfer Salts : A DMRG Study of the Quarter-Filling t-J Model

The present work studies the quasi one-dimensional $Ni(dmit)_2$-based compounds within a correlated model. More specifically, we focus our attention on the composed influence of the electronic dimerization-factor and the repulsion, on the transport properties and the localization of the electronic density in the ground-state. Those properties are studied through the computation of the charge gaps (difference between the ionization potential and the electro-affinity: IP-EA) and the long- and short-bond orders of an infinite quarter-filled chain within a $t-J(t,U)$ model. The comparison between the computed gaps and the experimental activation energy of the semiconductor $NH_2Me_2 [Ni(dmit)_2]_2$ allows us to estimate the on-site electronic repulsion of the $Ni(dmit)_2$ molecule to $1.16eV$.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figures, RevTe

Editorial: Nature’s Contributions to People: On the Relation Between Valuations and Actions

Editorial on the Research Topic. Nature’s Contributions to People: On the Relation Between Valuations and Actions

Vitamin A Status of Women and Children in Yaoundé and Douala, Cameroon, is Unchanged One Year after Initiation of a National Vitamin A Oil Fortification Program.

Vitamin A (VA) fortification of cooking oil is considered a cost-effective strategy for increasing VA status, but few large-scale programs have been evaluated. We conducted representative surveys in Yaoundé and Douala, Cameroon, 2 years before and 1 year after the introduction of a mandatory national program to fortify cooking oil with VA. In each survey, 10 different households were selected within each of the same 30 clusters (n = ~300). Malaria infection and plasma indicators of inflammation and VA (retinol-binding protein, pRBP) status were assessed among women aged 15-49 years and children aged 12-59 months, and casual breast milk samples were collected for VA and fat measurements. Refined oil intake was measured by a food frequency questionnaire, and VA was measured in household oil samples post-fortification. Pre-fortification, low inflammation-adjusted pRBP was common among children (33% <0.83 µmol/L), but not women (2% <0.78 µmol/L). Refined cooking oil was consumed by >80% of participants in the past week. Post-fortification, only 44% of oil samples were fortified, but fortified samples contained VA concentrations close to the target values. Controlling for age, inflammation, and other covariates, there was no difference in the mean pRBP, mean breast milk VA, prevalence of low pRBP, or prevalence of low milk VA between the pre- and post-fortification surveys. The frequency of refined oil intake was not associated with VA status indicators post-fortification. In sum, after a year of cooking oil fortification with VA, we did not detect evidence of increased plasma RBP or milk VA among urban women and preschool children, possibly because less than half of the refined oil was fortified. The enforcement of norms should be strengthened, and the program should be evaluated in other regions where the prevalence of VA deficiency was greater pre-fortification

Prevalence of Inherited Hemoglobin Disorders and Relationships with Anemia and Micronutrient Status among Children in Yaoundé and Douala, Cameroon.

Information on the etiology of anemia is necessary to design effective anemia control programs. Our objective was to measure the prevalence of inherited hemoglobin disorders (IHD) in a representative sample of children in urban Cameroon, and examine the relationships between IHD and anemia. In a cluster survey of children 12-59 months of age (n = 291) in Yaoundé and Douala, we assessed hemoglobin (Hb), malaria infection, and plasma indicators of inflammation and micronutrient status. Hb S was detected by HPLC, and α⁺thalassemia (3.7 kb deletions) by PCR. Anemia (Hb < 110 g/L), inflammation, and malaria were present in 45%, 46%, and 8% of children. A total of 13.7% of children had HbAS, 1.6% had HbSS, and 30.6% and 3.1% had heterozygous and homozygous α⁺thalassemia. The prevalence of anemia was greater among HbAS compared to HbAA children (60.3 vs. 42.0%, p = 0.038), although mean Hb concentrations did not differ, p = 0.38). Hb and anemia prevalence did not differ among children with or without single gene deletion α⁺thalassemia. In multi-variable models, anemia was independently predicted by HbAS, HbSS, malaria, iron deficiency (ID; inflammation-adjusted ferritin <12 µg/L), higher C-reactive protein, lower plasma folate, and younger age. Elevated soluble transferrin receptor concentration (>8.3 mg/L) was associated with younger age, malaria, greater mean reticulocyte counts, inflammation, HbSS genotype, and ID. IHD are prevalent but contribute modestly to anemia among children in urban Cameroon

Recovering Homography from Camera Captured Documents using Convolutional Neural Networks

Removing perspective distortion from hand held camera captured document images is one of the primitive tasks in document analysis, but unfortunately, no such method exists that can reliably remove the perspective distortion from document images automatically. In this paper, we propose a convolutional neural network based method for recovering homography from hand-held camera captured documents. Our proposed method works independent of document's underlying content and is trained end-to-end in a fully automatic way. Specifically, this paper makes following three contributions: Firstly, we introduce a large scale synthetic dataset for recovering homography from documents images captured under different geometric and photometric transformations; secondly, we show that a generic convolutional neural network based architecture can be successfully used for regressing the corners positions of documents captured under wild settings; thirdly, we show that L1 loss can be reliably used for corners regression. Our proposed method gives state-of-the-art performance on the tested datasets, and has potential to become an integral part of document analysis pipeline.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figure

Can we build on social movement theories to develop and improve community‐based participatory research? a framework synthesis review

A long‐standing challenge in community‐based participatory research (CBPR) has been to anchor practice and evaluation in a relevant and comprehensive theoretical framework of community change. This study describes the development of a multidimensional conceptual framework that builds on social movement theories to identify key components of CBPR processes. Framework synthesis was used as a general literature search and analysis strategy. An initial conceptual framework was developed from the theoretical literature on social movement. A literature search performed to identify illustrative CBPR projects yielded 635 potentially relevant documents, from which eight projects (corresponding to 58 publications) were retained after record and full‐text screening. Framework synthesis was used to code and organize data from these projects, ultimately providing a refined framework. The final conceptual framework maps key concepts of CBPR mobilization processes, such as the pivotal role of the partnership; resources and opportunities as necessary components feeding the partnership's development; the importance of framing processes; and a tight alignment between the cause (partnership's goal), the collective action strategy, and the system changes targeted. The revised framework provides a context‐specific model to generate a new, innovative understanding of CBPR mobilization processes, drawing on existing theoretical foundations

Analysis of the uncertainty in the estimates of regional PV power generation evaluated with the upscaling method

International audienceThe estimation of the regional photovoltaic (PV) power generation is an important step prior to the forecast of the PV power generation and its integration into the energy supply system. The large majority of PV plants not being measured in Germany, the total PV power generated in a region is commonly estimated by upscaling the power production of a set of reference PV plants to the entireness of the plants installed in the considered area. A given uncertainty can be expected in the estimation of the power generation of a PV plant with the upscaling method when the reference plants used have different configurations or weather conditions. To gain better insight into the performance of the upscaling method, its error has been analysed using power measurements of a set of 366 PV plants. The analysis allows an understanding of the mechanisms underlying the uncertainty of the upscaling method and quantifies its error for the test study considered. In the case study analysed, it could be shown that the quarter hourly RMSE 1 value decreases with an increasing number of reference plants and a decreasing number of un-metered plants. It could also be shown that even for a large number of reference plants, a variation of the RMSE between 0.01 and 0.025 kW/kWp can be observed, depending on the choice of the reference plants. It is shown that the average distance between a reference and unknown plant constitutes a good indicator of the performance of a set of reference plants, but that the match between the characteristics of the reference and unknown plant also plays an important role, which could not be quantified with the available dataset