Bilan des études sur Théodore Agallianos : 1966-2011

A REPORT ON STUDIES ABOUT THEODORE AGALLIANOS (1966-2011)C. Patrineles devoted his doctoral thesis to Theodore Agallianos’ life and writings and also edited two of his speeches. In this still authoritative book, he listed all the manuscripts containing Agallianos’ works and all the existing editions. This article provides an update of this information in light of recent studies; it also catalogues the entire bibliography published about Agallianos since 1966. MARIE-HELENE BLANCHE

Bilan des études sur Théodore Agallianos : 1966-2011

A REPORT ON STUDIES ABOUT THEODORE AGALLIANOS (1966-2011)C. Patrineles devoted his doctoral thesis to Theodore Agallianos’ life and writings and also edited two of his speeches. In this still authoritative book, he listed all the manuscripts containing Agallianos’ works and all the existing editions. This article provides an update of this information in light of recent studies; it also catalogues the entire bibliography published about Agallianos since 1966. MARIE-HELENE BLANCHE

Traduzir é resistir: Subversão e ateísmo como dispositivo de internacionalização da cultura brasileira

The resistance, autonomy and subversion of language and literature in Brazil has its roots in the nineteenth century and extends into the twentieth century, which provided a literary nationality, a cultural and literary independence, demarcating itself from the Portuguese language and literature of the metropolis. In the first part of this article, I make a brief historical analysis of the creation of a language (Brazilian Portuguese) within the language (Portuguese of the metropolis) resistance to Portuguese literary impositions from two examples of Brazilian writers, José de Alencar and Mário de Andrade, and their respective novels, Iracema and Macunaíma. And in the second part, I reflect on the place of literary Brazil on the world map of literatures from José Lambert's theory of the multiplication of World Maps and Pascale Casanova's theory on the parameter of Greenwich's Meridian and dominant and dominated literatures as well as the question of the power and domination of languages-cultures. Every argument is made from the perspective of translation as a means of resisting hegemonic power and as a form of cultural atheism.A resistência, a autonomia e a subversão da língua e da literatura no Brasil têm suas raízes no século XIX e se estendem no século XX, o que propiciou uma nacionalidade literária, uma independência cultural e literária, se demarcando da língua e literatura portuguesa da metrópole. Na primeira parte deste artigo, faço uma breve análise histórica da criação de uma língua (português do Brasil) dentro da língua (português da Metrópole) resistência às imposições literárias portuguesas a partir de dois exemplos de escritores brasileiros, José de Alencar e Mário de Andrade, e dos seus respectivos romances, Iracema e Macunaíma. E, na segunda parte, reflito sobre o lugar do Brasil literário no mapa mundial das literaturas a partir da teoria da multiplicação dos Mapas-Múndi de José Lambert e da teoria de Pascale Casanova sobre o parâmetro do Meridiano de Greenwich e das literaturas dominantes e dominadas assim como a questão do poder e da dominação das línguas-culturas. Toda argumentação se faz sob o prisma da tradução como meio de resistência ao poder hegemônico e como forma de ateísmo cultural

Développement des modèles de culture cellulaire de muscle en 3D : de nouvelles opportunités pour les productions animales

Le muscle squelettique est organisé en faisceau de fibres musculaires de différentes tailles et parcouru par des réseaux vasculaires et nerveux. Les cellules satellites sont des cellules souches logées le long des fibres musculaires et sont à la base des progéniteurs myogéniques (myoblastes). Les cellules satellites peuvent être aisément extraites du muscle et cultivées. Les modèles typiques de culture en deux dimensions (2D) de cellules dérivées du muscle squelettique ne peuvent pas recréer complètement l'organisation et la fonction des tissus musculaires vivants, ce qui limite leurs utilités dans les études physiologiques approfondies. Le développement de modèles de culture 3D fonctionnels offre une opportunité unique pour mimer les tissus vivants et modéliser les maladies musculaires. A cet égard, ce nouveau type de modèles in vitro augmente significativement notre compréhension de l'implication des différentes populations cellulaires dans la formation du muscle squelettique et de leurs interactions, ainsi que les modalités de réponse d'un muscle pathologique à de nouvelles thérapies. Ce deuxième point pourrait conduire à l'identification de traitements efficaces. Dans cette synthèse, nous traitons des progrès significatifs qui ont été réalisés ces dernières années pour concevoir des structures ressemblant à des tissus musculaires, fournissant des outils utiles pour étudier le comportement des cellules souches résidentes. Nous nous intéressons plus particulièrement au développement de systèmes basés sur des « myosphères » et des faisceaux de fibres ou « myobundles » ainsi que sur les systèmes de bio-impression. Les protocoles de stimulation électrique/mécanique et les systèmes de co-culture développés pour améliorer le processus et les fonctionnalités de maturation des tissus seront également présentés. La formation de tissus musculaires biomimétiques représente une nouvelle technologie pour étudier la fonction et l'organisation spatiale des muscles squelettiques dans un grand nombre de contextes physiologiques, pathologiques et agronomiques

Interaction between p22(phox) and Nox4 in the endoplasmic reticulum suggests a unique mechanism of NADPH oxidase complex formation.

The p22(phox) protein is an essential component of the phagocytic- and inner ear NADPH oxidases but its relationship to other Nox proteins is less clear. We have studied the role of p22(phox) in the TGF-beta1-stimulated H2O2 production of primary human and murine fibroblasts. TGF-beta1 induced H2O2 release of the examined cells, and the response was dependent on the expression of both Nox4 and p22(phox). Interestingly, the p22(phox) protein was present in the absence of any detectable Nox/Duox expression, and the p22(phox) level was unaffected by TGF-beta1. On the other hand, Nox4 expression was dependent on the presence of p22(phox), establishing an asymmetrical relationship between the two proteins. Nox4 and p22(phox) proteins localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and their distribution was unaffected by TGF-beta1. We used a chemically induced protein dimerization method to study the orientation of p22(phox) and Nox4 in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. This technique is based on the rapamycin-mediated heterodimerization of the mammalian FRB domain with the FK506 binding protein. The results of these experiments suggest that the enzyme complex produces H2O2 into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum, indicating that Nox4 contributes to the development of the oxidative milieu within this organelle

The James Webb Space Telescope Mission

Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies, expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least $4m$. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people realized that vision as the $6.5m$ James Webb Space Telescope. A generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of the mission, potentially as long as 20 years, and beyond. This report and the scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000 team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit.Comment: Accepted by PASP for the special issue on The James Webb Space Telescope Overview, 29 pages, 4 figure

Elaboration de polymères à empreinte moléculaire pour la détection optique de molécule dans un fluide physiologique

This thesis aimed at elaborating an optical sensor to detect molecules in a biological fluid. Two steroids and a xenobiotic were identified as biomarkers released in some body fluids: cyproterone acetate, cortisol and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid respectively. On one hand, detection was performed by Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs). These tailor-made synthetic receptors display numerous qualities that foster their integration in sensors. MIPs were therefore developed against the targeted analytes. Formulation optimization was led thanks to experimental designs. On the other hand, optical transduction was made possible thanks to the structuring of a polymer into a photonic crystal. Opals were manufactured with a new process suitable for large scales and were used to mold MIPs in inverse opals. Thus, submicron structures of the polymer are responsible for the color of the sensor. A change of color is triggered by the recognition of the analyte by the polymer (upon swelling). Polymers studied displayed sufficient swelling observed by spectrophotometry. Finally, the work of this thesis consisted in elaborating polymer formulations and their integration in a sensor so as to detect an analyte with direct, rapid and unobtrusive means.Ce travail de thèse avait pour objectif l'élaboration d'un capteur optique pour la détection directe de molécules d'intérêt dans un fluide biologique. Deux stéroïdes et un xéniobiotique (herbicide) ont été choisis en tant que biomarqueurs apparaissant dans des fluides corporels : respectivement l'acétate de cyprotérone, le cortisol et l'acide 2,4 dichlorophénoxyacétique. La partie détection, d'une part, est assurée par les polymères à empreintes moléculaires (MIPs, de l'anglais Molecularly Imprinted Polymers). Ces récepteurs synthétiques sur mesure présentent en effet de nombreuses qualités pour l'intégration dans un capteur. Des polymères à empreintes moléculaires ont ainsi été développés pour les analytes visés. L'optimisation des formulations de polymère a été basée sur des plans d'expériences. La transduction optique, d'autre part, est basée sur la structuration du polymère sous la forme d'un cristal photonique. Des opales ont été fabriquées avec un procédé industrialisable pour permettre la mise en forme du MIP en opale inverse. Ainsi structuré à l'échelle submicronique, le matériau présente une couleur susceptible d'évoluer lors de la détection de l'analyte, et ce, grâce à un changement de conformation (gonflement). Les formulations polymères étudiées ont généré des gonflements réduits mais visibles en spectrophotométrie. Le travail rapporté dans cette thèse consiste donc en l'élaboration de polymères à empreintes moléculaires et leur intégration dans un capteur afin de détecter un analyte de façon directe, rapide et ne nécessitant que des équipements transportables, voire portables